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2010

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Articles 181 - 210 of 17895

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Geography And The Restoration Of Rivers For Wildlife, William Graf Dec 2010

Geography And The Restoration Of Rivers For Wildlife, William Graf

William L. Graf

Since its establishment in 1973, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) has assumed a gradually increasing importance in environmental management in the United States.The effect of the Act is especially significant in matters related to water management in rivers.This brief article addresses the following questions: why has ESA become so important in water and river matters? And what is the role of geographic technology and knowledge in addressing these issues? The article concludes with two case examples where restoration is underway in attempts to reverse the loss of wildlife.


Rapids In Canyon Rivers, William Graf Dec 2010

Rapids In Canyon Rivers, William Graf

William L. Graf

Evidence from river surveys, historical photographs, and field investigations show that 410 rapids in 12 canyon rivers of the Colorado Plateau region are distributed randomly or only slightly more regularly than random. Rapids, in their distribution, show little tendency toward equal spacing, are not related to discharge, and are not always colocated with debris sources. Analysis of force of flowing water and resistance of the boulders in rapids of the canyons of the Green River in Dinosaur National Monument, Utah-Colorado, shows that although some particles may have been moved by flood flows within the past 75-100 years, the largest particles …


The Fluvial Hydrologic And Geomorphic Context For The Recovery Of The Endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher, William Graf, Julie Stromberg, Brad Valentine Dec 2010

The Fluvial Hydrologic And Geomorphic Context For The Recovery Of The Endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher, William Graf, Julie Stromberg, Brad Valentine

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Transport And Deposition Of Plutonium-Contaminated Sediments By Fluvial Processes, Los Alamos Canyon, New Mexico, William Graf Dec 2010

Transport And Deposition Of Plutonium-Contaminated Sediments By Fluvial Processes, Los Alamos Canyon, New Mexico, William Graf

William L. Graf

Between 1945 and 1952 the development of nuclear weapons at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, resulted in the disposal of plutonium into the alluvium of nearby Acid and (to a lesser degree) DP Canyons. Previous research has identified some of this material in the Rio Grande and defined its distribution in the regional river system. The purpose of this paper is to explore the connection between the disposal sites and the main river, a 20 km link formed by the fluvial system of Acid, Pueblo, DP, and Los Alamos Canyons. Empirical data from 15 yr of annual sediment sampling …


Geomorphology: Davisian Evolution To Dynamic Equilibrium, William Graf Dec 2010

Geomorphology: Davisian Evolution To Dynamic Equilibrium, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Science For Water Development And Wildlife Preservation, William Graf Dec 2010

Science For Water Development And Wildlife Preservation, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Mega-Geomorphology, William Graf Dec 2010

Mega-Geomorphology, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Definition Of Flood Plains Along Arid-Region Rivers, William Graf Dec 2010

Definition Of Flood Plains Along Arid-Region Rivers, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


La Integraidad Física De Rios Bajo Manejo, William Graf Dec 2010

La Integraidad Física De Rios Bajo Manejo, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Fluvial Dynamics Of Th-230 In The Church Rock Event, Puerco River, New-Mexico, William Graf Dec 2010

Fluvial Dynamics Of Th-230 In The Church Rock Event, Puerco River, New-Mexico, William Graf

William L. Graf

The largest accidental surface release of radioactive materials in the United States occurred 16 July 1979, when a uranium tailings pond collapsed near Church Rock, New Mexico, releasing 378,500 m3 of liquids and 1000 mg of solids into the Puerco River. The resulting flood wave distributed radioactive thorium-230 through an 80-km reach of the river. A detailed analysis of 48 km of the entrenched channel shows that radionuclide concentrations in stream-bed sediments fluctuated irregularly with increasing distance from the source of contamination instead of declining exponentially as might be expected from hydraulic and geographic theory. Hydraulic calculations at 154 cross-sections …


Floods: Hydrological, Sedimentological, And Geomorphological, William Graf Dec 2010

Floods: Hydrological, Sedimentological, And Geomorphological, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Ecology And Management Of Invasive Riverside Plants, William Graf Dec 2010

Ecology And Management Of Invasive Riverside Plants, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


In The Critical Zone: Geography At The U.S. Geological Survey, William Graf Dec 2010

In The Critical Zone: Geography At The U.S. Geological Survey, William Graf

William L. Graf

Geography is again becoming an integral part of the premier natural-science agency of the federal government. Geographic research emphasizes the surface of the earth, a portion of the earth system that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) defines as the “critical zone.” Although geography was part of the USGS from the creation of the agency, in recent years geography in the agency has largely been limited to topographic mapping. Recently, the USGS and an advisory committee of the National Research Council (NRC) reviewed the role of geography at the Survey. The committee's report, along with ongoing decision-making in the federal government, …


Science, Engineering, And The Law On Western Sunbelt Rivers, William Graf Dec 2010

Science, Engineering, And The Law On Western Sunbelt Rivers, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Lake Powell: Virgin Flow To Dynamo, By L.D. Potter And C.L. Drake, William Graf Dec 2010

Lake Powell: Virgin Flow To Dynamo, By L.D. Potter And C.L. Drake, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


The Complex Decision-Making Process For Removing Dams, Sheilah David, William Graf, Sarah Baish Dec 2010

The Complex Decision-Making Process For Removing Dams, Sheilah David, William Graf, Sarah Baish

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Fluvial Geomorphic Analysis Of Plutonium-Contaminated Sediment Transport And Deposition In Los Alamos Canyon, New Mexico, William Graf Dec 2010

Fluvial Geomorphic Analysis Of Plutonium-Contaminated Sediment Transport And Deposition In Los Alamos Canyon, New Mexico, William Graf

William L. Graf

Between 1945 and 1952 the development of nuclear weapons at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, resulted in the disposal of plutonium into the alluvium of nearby Acid and (to a lesser degree) DP Canyons. Previous research has identified some of this material in the Rio Grande and defined its distribution in the regional river system. The purpose of this paper is to explore the connection between the disposal sites and the main river, a 20 km link formed by the fluvial system of Acid, Pueblo, DP, and Los Alamos Canyons. Empirical data from 15 yr of annual sediment sampling …


Development Of Montane Arroyos And Gullies, William Graf Dec 2010

Development Of Montane Arroyos And Gullies, William Graf

William L. Graf

Field investigations in the Front Range of Colorado, U.S.A., confirm that the spatial distribution of vegetation in watersheds exerts strong control on the entrenchment of streams in the montane zone. When tractive force in channels exceeds threshold values of resistance on the valley floors, cutting of arroyos begins, producing forms that change allometrically. An algorithm based on the Cooke Method for discharge, the Manning Equation for depth of flow, and the DuBoys Equation for tractive force can be used to evaluate force for observed and experimental conditions. In small (<5 km2) basins in the Front Range of Colorado, forces …


Late Holocene Sediment Storage In Canyons Of The Colorado Plateau, William Graf Dec 2010

Late Holocene Sediment Storage In Canyons Of The Colorado Plateau, William Graf

William L. Graf

Field surveys of ten drainage basins 10 to 1,790 km2 in area in the Colorado Plateau (Utah and Arizona) and repeat photography of 156 fluvial environments providing comparative evidence spanning up to 114 yr reveal that two stratigraphic units characterize the alluvial materials on valley floors. An older unit deposited generally between 1250 A.D. (±200 yr) and 1880 A.D. (±20 yr) was dissected by arroyo development by the early twentieth century. A younger unit was deposited generally during the period after approximately 1943 (±5 yr). Rates of sedimentation in the 1943–1980 period were almost twice the rates in the 1250–1880 …


Ch 4: Financial Resources, William Graf Dec 2010

Ch 4: Financial Resources, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Distance Decay And Arroyo Development In The Henry Mountains Region, Utah, William Graf Dec 2010

Distance Decay And Arroyo Development In The Henry Mountains Region, Utah, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Regional Geomorphology Of North America, William Graf Dec 2010

Regional Geomorphology Of North America, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Apotential Lessons For The Cesi Program From The Grand Canyon, William Graf Dec 2010

Apotential Lessons For The Cesi Program From The Grand Canyon, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Measuring Stream Order, A Reply, William Graf Dec 2010

Measuring Stream Order, A Reply, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Dam Nation: A Geographic Census Of American Dams And Their Large-Scale Hydrologic Impacts, William Graf Dec 2010

Dam Nation: A Geographic Census Of American Dams And Their Large-Scale Hydrologic Impacts, William Graf

William L. Graf

Newly available data indicate that darns fragment the fluvial system of the continental United States and that their impact on river discharge is several times greater than impacts deemed likely as a result of global climate change. The 75,000 dams in the continental United States are capable of storing a volume of water almost equaling one year's mean runoff, but there is considerable geographic variation in potential surface water impacts. In some western mountain and plains regions, darns can store more than 3 year's runoff, while in the Northeast and Northwest, storage is as little as 25% of the annual …


Landscapes, Commodities, And Ecosystems: The Relationship Between Policy And Science Of American Rivers, William Graf Dec 2010

Landscapes, Commodities, And Ecosystems: The Relationship Between Policy And Science Of American Rivers, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Thinking Like A River: Reflections On The Gila, William Graf Dec 2010

Thinking Like A River: Reflections On The Gila, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


Fakery In The Publication Game, William Graf Dec 2010

Fakery In The Publication Game, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.


The Effect Of Dam Closure On Downstream Rapids, William Graf Dec 2010

The Effect Of Dam Closure On Downstream Rapids, William Graf

William L. Graf

The force of flowing water and the resistance of the largest boulder provide a means of evaluation of the stability of rapids in canyon rivers. Field measurements and calculations show that the closure of Flaming Gorge Dam, Utah, has had a significant effect on the stability of rapids in the canyons of the Green River in Dinosaur National Monument 68 km (42 mi) downstream from the dam. The reduction in peak flows by the dam has limited the competence of the river to move boulders deposited in the main channel by tributary processes, landslides, and prehistoric floods. Before the dam …


Applied Geomorphology: Geomorphological Survey For Environmental Development, William Graf Dec 2010

Applied Geomorphology: Geomorphological Survey For Environmental Development, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.