Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Marketing Experts' Assessment Of Healthy Eating Messages In Australian Food Advertising, Sandra C. Jones, Peter G. Williams, Linda C. Tapsell

Sandra Jones

The social world can be described in terms of experts and consumers, identified by their roles and responsibilities towards each other. The advertising and marketing of products based on nutritional value is widespread, and attended to by consumers, yet research in the marketing and nutrition domains suggests that consumers may lack the requisite knowledge and skills to evaluate and use this information appropriately. This concern can be viewed from a sociological perspective, and a theoretical framework for studying this context can be provided by ethnomethodology which describes how people make sense of their social world. This study was the second …

Promotion Of Prescription Medicines: A Critical Review And Research Agenda, Janet Hoek, Philip Gendall, Judith Holdershaw, Sandra C. Jones, John Rossiter

Sandra Jones

Direct to consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription medicines has generated considerable controversy in both New Zealand and the United States, the only two countries that currently permit promotion ofrestricted medicines. Arguments against DTCA include the effect this may have on doctor-patient relationships, its implications for drug costs, and the extent to which it fully informs potential patients. Conversely, proponents of DTCA claim that it increases knowledge of a variety of common medical conditions, thus fostering earlier diagnosis and better compliance with treatments. However, although arguments for and against DTCA have merit, neither side has supported its position with empirical evidence. …

A Practical Application Of Theory: Using Social Marketing Theory To Develop Innovative And Comprehensive Sun Protection Campaigns, Sandra C. Jones, Donald C. Iverson, A. Penman, A. Tang

Sandra Jones

This paper presents the background to a large-scale collaborative project between researchers at the University of Wollongong and the Cancer Council of New South Wales, and outlines in detail the stages of the ongoing research project. The project provides the opportunity to synthesise and apply best evidence form research in marketing, mass media communication, and health behaviour change real-life campaigns for a leading industry partner. This project demonstrates the value of ongoing research collaborations between university researchers and industry practitioners in systematically applying, and evaluating, research findings to real-world programs.

Message Framing And The Use Of Incentives - Are They Effective In Increasing Participation Rates In Disease Management Programs?, Christina Hoang, Sandra C. Jones

Sandra Jones

Disease-and-risk management programs provide many benefits for individuals currently living with a chronic illness as well as those who possess one or more risk factors for developing a chronic condition (such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol or obesity). However, participation rates in such programs are well below their desired level and often reported as being a particularly problematic and complex issue (e.g., Foster, Kendall, Dickson, Chaboyer, Hunter and Gee, 2003). This study aimed to determine the most effective strategies for increasing participation rates using a combination of prospect theory (via message framing), inclusion of an incentive, and comparing two …

The Impact Of More Visible Standard Drink Labelling On Youth Alcohol Consumption: Helping Young People Drink (Ir)Responsibly?, Sandra C. Jones, Parri Gregory

Sandra Jones

Introduction and Aims. In response to increasing concerns about excessive drinking among young people the Australian alcohol industry announced that it will introduce more visible standard drink labels. This study sought to examine whether young people use this information in a way that decreases, or increases, alcohol-related harms. Design and Methods. Six focus groups with students enrolled in an undergraduate university course in a large regional city in New South Wales, recruited by direct approach on the university grounds and via an online message posted on the university bulletin board. Results: The majority of the participants reported that they are …

An Unhealthy Co-Dependence: The Relationship Between Alcohol Sponsorship And Cricket In Australia, Sandra C. Jones

Sandra Jones

Sponsorship of sporting events by the alcohol industry is a common practice in Australia and there is currently much debate about the appropriateness of inexorably linking sport with alcohol advertising and promotion. The aim of this paper is to provide some illustrative examples of current alcohol sponsorships in Australian cricket. This review reveals that alcohol sponsorship is pervasive in Australian cricket and exposure to alcohol sponsorship is inescapable for people who watch the sport, many of whom would be under the legal drinking age. These sponsorships include naming rights, on-ground presence, advertising campaigns featuring sponsored teams and individuals, interactive web …

Regulation Of Alcohol Advertising In Australia: Case Study Of A Failure, Sandra C. Jones, R. J. Donovan

Sandra Jones

The aim of this paper is to further the bridging of marketing theory and practice by disseminating to marketing practitioners the results of a recent study conducted for a public health audience. This paper has direct implications for the practice of ethical marketing and advertising of alcohol beverages in Australia. The study was designed to assess young people’s perceived messages in three ads for a vodka-based pre-mixed alcohol beverage, and to assess the extent to which the ads appeared to be consistent with the industry’s voluntary code. Two convenience samples of young people, one aged 15-16 years and another aged …

The Use Of Female Sexuality In Australian Alcohol Advertising: Public Policy Implications Of Young Adults' Reactions To Stereotypes, Sandra C. Jones, Amanda Reid

Sandra Jones

Coinciding with the rise of raunch culture, a new female stereotype has emerged in advertising - the lusty, busty exhibitionist who exudes sexual power and confidence. Previous research has generally found that women react less positively to female sexual images in alcohol advertising than males, but different sexual stereotypes have not been explicitly examined. The present study utilizes different types of sexual appeals in three televised advertisements for alcohol brands and investigates the relationship between types of sexual imagery and attitude to the advertisement, stated reasons for (dis)liking the advertisement and purchase intention (PI) among 268 Australian university students. Surprisingly, …

Are Current Social Marketing Campaigns Getting Through To Undergraduate University Students?, Sandra C. Jones

Sandra Jones

In this study, we conduct a survey of health behaviours among undergraduate university students. The health behaviours include weight control, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, use of illicit drugs, and safe-sex practices. By comparing the results with national survey results, we test the hypothesis that university students – who have completed high school, with better than average grades – are more likely to exhibit healthy behaviours and avoid unhealthy or unsafe behaviours than the general population. Detailed information on the health behaviours of university students is not currently available (see Australia’s Health 2000, in which there are no reports of health …

Using Market Segmentation Theory To Select Target Markets For Sun Protection Campaigns, Sandra C. Jones, L. Rees, Danika Hall, A. Tang

Sandra Jones

This paper describes the initial steps in target market segmentation and evaluation as part of an industry-linked research project to develop a social marketing program for sun protection. The Project Reference Group developed a set of segmentation evaluation criteria based on recommendations from marketing and health promotion literature, as well as adding criteria specifically relevant to the industry partner. The process enabled an informed, representative and defensible selection of a primary target market as an initial starting point for further target market research and segmentation. It also demonstrated that bridging terminology from the fields of marketing and health promotion as …

Children's Magazines: Reading Resources Or Food Marketing Tools?, Sandra C. Jones, Amanda Reid

Sandra Jones

Objective: Magazines targeted at children under 12 years old are growing in popularity; past studies have asserted that food items are rarely exposed, but methodological issues may have covered the true extent of covert promotion. The primary purpose of the present study was to quantify the nature and extent of the promotion of branded food products in Australian children’s magazines. Design: We conducted a content analysis of possible food promotions in seven top-selling Australian children’s magazines published in 2005. In addition to regular food advertisements, the number of advertisements for premiums, editorials, puzzles or games, competitions and branded non-food promotions …

What Does Alcohol Advertising Tell Young People About Drinking?, Sandra C. Jones, Parri Gregory

Sandra Jones

Alcohol has long been known to be the cause of significant physical, emotional and social harm in our society. Given that the manufacture, distribution and sale of alcoholic products is big business all over the world, clearly the marketing, advertising and promotion of these products is essential. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the relationship between advertising and alcohol consumption and, importantly, the influence of this advertising on harmful drinking patterns. To examine the potential influence of alcohol advertising on young people (both under and over the legal drinking age), a convenience sample of 287 young people recruited from …

Adolescents, Sun Protection And Social Marketing, Melissa Lynch, Sandra C. Jones

Sandra Jones

Skin cancer is a very real and prominent health problem for Australians. For adolescents in particular, despite adequate knowledge levels, they are continuing to have negative sun safe behaviours as attitudinal and social factors overpower health promotion efforts. Through a comprehensive literature review, competitors to health promotion are addressed and the need for a more comprehensive strategy for behaviour change is outlined. Social marketing is introduced as a potential and effective strategy in behaviour change interventions. It is believed to be far more appropriate for hard to change behaviours such as adolescent sun protection, as it uses to go beyond …

Older Patients' Attitudes To General Practice Registrars: A Qualitative Study, Andrew D. Bonney, Lyn Phillipson, Sandra C. Jones, Donald Iverson

Sandra Jones

Background Research suggests that older patients may be reluctant to engage general practice registrars (GPRs) in their care. The authors undertook a qualitative study of the attitudes of older patients to GPRs to investigate this issue. Method Thirty-eight patients aged 60 years and over from three training practices participated in semistructured telephone interviews, which explored patients responses to GPRs. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using a template analysis approach. Results Analysis of the interviews produced five major themes concerning patient attitudes to GPRs: desire for continuity, desire for access, openness, trust and a desire for meaningful communication. Discussion …

Awareness Of Alcohol Advertising Among Children Who Watch Televised Sports, Lyn Phillipson, Sandra C. Jones

Sandra Jones

Are children being adversely affected by advertising directed at adult consumers? Is it socially responsible to advertise alcohol during programs with a young viewing audience? One potential area requiring consideration is the potential impact of alcohol advertising and promotion during sporting broadcasts on the alcohol beliefs of children in Australia. In this paper, the frequent alcohol advertising during the finals of the One Day Cricket Series broadcast during the summer of 2006 was found to contain features potentially appealing to young children. Qualitative data collected during friendship pair discussions with Grade five and six primary school students found that children …

Ethical Issues In Social Marketing, Sandra C. Jones, Danika V. Hall

Sandra Jones

"As a community ofprofessionals we have adopted no standards of ethics and it is probable that most of our community has not read or analysed the guidelines set up for either commercial advertising or commercial marketing" (Smith, 2001) Unfortunately, deciding what is ethical in social marketing (as in marketing in general) is rarely simple. In most cases, there is not a definitive right and wrong; for example, it is often the case that we are dealing with controversial products or sensitive behaviours (e.g., contraceptives and central practices) and/or two principles which are seen to be "right" by different groups are …

Alcohol And Sport: Can We Have One Without The Other?, Sandra C. Jones, Lyn Phillipson, Melissa Lynch

Sandra Jones

One of the most commonly raised concerns among those addressing alcohol consumption and young people is the close association between alcohol and sport (Sivyer, 1990). As a result, there is much current debate concerning the alcohol sponsorship of sporting events and teams. The authors are currently involved in a series of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies examining the nature, and effects, of alcohol advertising and promotion. Although the purpose of these studies was to examine other aspects of the advertising and promotions, the authors observed that in each of these studies, sport has inevitably raised its head as inexorably linked with …

Marlboro''S Marketing In Western Europe: Is It Ethical?, Sandra C. Jones

Sandra Jones

There has been considerable publicity in the United States and Australia opposing the cigarette marketing efforts of British and U.S. tobacco companies in Eastern Europe. However, little attention has been paid to the marketing campaigns ofthe same companies in Western Europe, perhaps on the assumption that Western Europeans are too sophisticated to fall for the marketing tricks that have worked elsewhere over the last several decades. However, smoking rates are on the increase in many Western European countries, where tobacco advertising is largely unregulated. This paper analyzes magazine advertising for the Marlboro brand targeted at young adults in The Netherlands …

A Review Of The Consistency Of Pamphlets Promoting Mammographic Screening In Australia, Sandra C. Jones

Sandra Jones

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in Australia and the most common cause of cancer death in Australian women. Early detection of breast cancers with mammography has the potential to dramatically reduce mortality rates. Thus, there is an obvious need for clear, accurate information about breast cancer screening to be disseminated to Australian women. A 1997 review of breast cancer screening pamphlets in Australia noted some inconsistencies in the nature and content of the information provided, and recommended that these be addressed. The current study, conducted in January 2001, examined whether consistency has improved since the …

Direct-To- Consumer Branding Of Prescription Medicines In Australia, Danika V. Hall, Sandra C. Jones

Sandra Jones

For prescription pharmaceuticals, branding primarily targets the medical profession in an effort to achieve brand recognition, brand preference and brand loyalty and, in turn, increase prescriptions. Despite direct-to-consumer-advertising of prescription pharmaceuticals not being allowed in Australia, there have been cases of branding pharmaceutical products directly to consumers via “un-named” product promotion and disease awareness campaigns. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of current pharmaceutical marketing strategies in Australia. It also considers branding issues facing pharmaceutical corporations including industry regulation of promotional activities, as well as suggesting future implications and opportunities for research.

Health Claims For Food Made In Australian Magazine Advertisements, P. G. Williams, Linda C. Tapsell, Sandra C. Jones, K. Mcconville

Sandra Jones

Aim: The aim was to describe the level of health claims being used in magazine advertisements, the categories of foods carrying health claims and the types of benefits being claimed for particular foods or food ingredients. Data were compared to similar studies of food labels and internet sites to reflect the impact of rule governance of the different media and highlight implications for the current proposed changes in food standards legislation. Methods: From January to June 2005 a survey of all print advertisements for food in Australia’s 30 top-selling magazines was undertaken. The results were compared with those from a …

Parents' Inferences About Other Parents' Motives For Food Choices For Children: A Pilot Study, Sandra C. Jones, Danielle Mcvie, Gary Noble

Sandra Jones

The traditional approach to improving children’s diets has been to educate parents about the importance of healthy food choices. However, it is recognized that knowledge does not necessarily lead to improved food choices. This study used an indirect measure to investigate the underlying reasons for parents’ decisions about their children’s diets. We found a significant difference in parents’ perceptions of a hypothetical mother on items that related directly to food choices. It appears from these results that parents do indeed make value judgments about the food choices that mothers make for their children. Our results suggest that indirect question techniques, …

“Because It Shows Us The Consequences”: Why The Australian Public Believe The Ends Justifies The Means In Road Safety Advertising, Katherine Van Putten, Sandra C. Jones

Sandra Jones

Statistics for fatalities on Australia’s roads are alarming with over 1,400 people losing their life between May 2006 and April 2007. In an effort to reduce the road toll, road safety campaigns have appeared on all advertising mediums in Australia and are noted for their use of shock tactics, supported by industry and the Advertising Standards Board. This research demonstrates that in relation to graphic social marketing campaigns for road safety, the general community believe that the value of the message overrides any other unacceptable consequences of the advertisement, such as the effect graphic campaigns may have on children. Understanding …

Information-Seeking Behavior Of Novelists In Archives, Cary G. Osborne

Journal of Western Archives

Archives are a frequently untapped resource for novelists. Accounts of daily life, the lives of individuals, details of specific eras, and other minutiae found in the documents and memorabilia housed in archives can be used to fill out the essential scenes and events of the stories. Such facts and personal details help fiction writers make their stories real to readers and keep misconceptions and factual errors out. This study looks at the limited literature on the subject of authors in archives and presents examples of the types of information housed in particular archives to illustrate the kinds of details that …

The Motherland Calls!: Nationalist Propaganda In The Soviet Union During The Great Patriotic War, Carolyn Blood

Senior Theses

This thesis examines the Soviet Union’s methods of promoting nationalism during World War II in specific relation to newspapers, film, and poster propaganda. The Soviet Union used traditional and heroic imagery in propaganda with the intention to inspire nationalism during World War II in an effort to unify and strengthen its citizenry. Through the integration of modern language and traditional imagery, Soviet propaganda during World War II sought to reach out to citizens of all ages and unite them in the face of conflict with Germany. Poster and newspaper propaganda centered around individual “extraordinary ordinary” heroes: Soviet citizens who risked …

Education, Politics And Opinions About Climate Change: Evidence For Interaction Effects, Lawrence C. Hamilton

Sociology

U.S. public opinion regarding climate change has become increasingly polarized in recent years, as partisan think tanks and others worked to recast an originally scientific topic into a political wedge issue. Nominally “scientific” arguments against taking anthropogenic climate change seriously have been publicized to reach informed but ideologically receptive audiences. Reflecting the success of such arguments, polls have noted that concern about climate change increased with education among Democrats, but decreased with education among Republicans. These observations lead to the hypothesis that there exist interaction (non-additive) effects between education or knowledge and political orientation, net of other background factors, in …

The Effects Of Electricity Pring On Phev Competitiveness, Shisheng Huang, Bri-Mathias S. Hodge, Farzad Taheripour, Joseph F. Pekny, Gintaras V. Reklaitis, Wallace E. Tyner

PPRI Digital Library

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) will soon start to be introduced into the transportation sector, thereby raising a host of issues related to their use, adoption and effects on the electricity sector. Their introduction has the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions from the transportation sector, which has led to government policies aimed at easing their introduction. If their wide-spread adoption is set as a target it is imperative to consider the effects of existing policies that may increase or decrease their adoption rate. In this study, we present a micro level electricity demand model that can gauge the effects …

Ua3/8/8 President's Office-Meredith Speech File, Wku Archives

WKU Archives Collection Inventories

Speeches written and delivered by Thomas Meredith.

Future Is Now: Introducing Ereaders To Cuny Libraries, Stefanie Havelka, Jennifer King, Rebecca Arzola, Alevtina Verbovetskaya

Publications and Research

Amazon.com’s announcement in July 2010 that eBooks out sold print books for the previous three months indicates that eBooks are here to stay. What effect will this have on teaching and learning? Will ease of access and portability facilitate cheating and plagiarism? How will eBooks and eReaders work in an urban academic environment? Are eReaders and eBooks the new digital divide?

Faculty from the Leonard Lief Library at Lehman College will share their experience with Sony eReaders and downloadable eBooks via OverDrive. Following this presentation there will be a guided discussion on eReader and eBook issues, such as:

• How do …

Parenting At Midnight: Measuring Parents' Thoughts And Strategies To Help Young Children Sleep Through The Night, Aimee J. Coulombe

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Throughout the night, brief periods of arousal are common and not necessarily indicative of problematic sleep. Awakening without an easy return to sleep (“night-waking”), however, can be problematic for parents and children alike. Approximately 30% of preschool-aged children wake at least once per night and require parental intervention (“help or assistance”). Although parents’ responses to children’s night-waking (i.e., parents’ night-waking strategies) can determine the course of night-waking over time, very little is known about night-waking strategy use among parents of preschool-aged children. The purpose of the present dissertation was to lay the foundation upon which a better understanding of the …