Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Use Of Environmental, Health And Safety Research In Nanotechnology Research, Jan Youtie, Alan Porter, Philip Shapira, Li Tang, Troy Benn

Li Tang

Environmental, health, and safety (EHS) concerns are receiving considerable attention in nanoscience and nanotechnology (nano) research and development (R&D). Policymakers and others have urged that research on nano's EHS implications be developed alongside scientific research in the nano domain rather than subsequent to applications. This concurrent perspective suggests the importance of early understanding and measurement of the diffusion of nano EHS research. The paper examines the diffusion of nano EHS publications, defined through a set of search terms, into the broader nano domain using a global nanotechnology R&D database developed at Georgia Tech. The results indicate that nano EHS research …

Charting Nano Environmental, Health, & Safety Research Trajectories: Is China Convergent With The United States?, Li Tang, Stephen Carley, Alan Porter

Li Tang

Despite China’s recent entrance into the Nano Environmental, Health, & Safety (“EHS”) field, China is currently the number two producer of Nano EHS research, following the United States. As is demonstrated in this paper, China is quickly gaining ground on the United States in a number of key Nano EHS research areas and looks to one day establish leadership positions of its own in these domains. China’s escalating efforts to promote Nano EHS research, along with its rapid growth of research outputs in this field and increasing Sino-U.S. research collaboration in multiple research domains, raises the question: Is Nano EHS …

Homelessness And Housing Exclusion In Europe: Challenges And Opportunities For Research And Policy, Dennis P. Culhane, Thomas Byrne

Dennis P. Culhane

The European Parliament recently passed a Written Declaration “calling for an ambitious EU homelessness strategy and support to Member States in their efforts towards ending homelessness” (FEANTSA, December 21, 2010). The Written Declaration comes on the heels of a consensus conference on homelessness held in Brussels, in which researchers from the European Observatory (some featured in this volume) made the moral and empirical case for urgent and strategic action by all member countries of the EU. This leadership has proven to be critically influential as the European Commission moves forward with its antipoverty goals for 2020. This timely volume will …

The Patterns And Costs Of Services Use Among Homeless Families, Dennis P. Culhane, Jung Min Park, Stephen Metraux

Dennis P. Culhane

This study examines families’ use of behavioral health hospitalization and foster care placement prior to, during and following shelter use, comparing families based on shelter pattern and type of housing exit. Results show that inpatient and foster care services use drops in the homelessness period, but rebounds following exit, regardless of pattern of shelter use, and type of housing exit. Results suggest that shelters supplant use of services, but not on a sustained basis. Despite declines in concurrent services use, the homelessness period is overall more costly for episodically and long-term shelter users, primarily owing to the high costs of …

From Innovative Democracy To Warfare State: Ancient Athens As A Model Of Hegemonic Decline, Athina Karatzogianni Dr

Athina Karatzogianni

This chapter focuses on less popularised aspects of Athenian hegemony and decline, starting from the capture of hegemony after the Persian wars, exploring specific strengths and weaknesses of the Athenian system, and debating the causes and the effects of that violent architect of hegemonic decline, the Peloponnesian war. The chapter sheds light on the disastrous effects of the hunt for regional hegemony and power for Ancient Greek city states, the role of political innovation through the establishment of knowledge networks in Ancient Athens, both as an enabling force to capture hegemony, but also as a factor for inciting fear and …

Distributional Impacts Of Carbon Pricing: A General Equilibrium Approach With Micro-Data For Households, Sebastian Rausch, Gilbert E. Metcalf, John Reilly

Gilbert E. Metcalf

Many policies to limit greenhouse gas emissions have at their core efforts to put a price on carbon emissions. Carbon pricing impacts households both by raising the cost of carbon intensive products and by changing factor prices. A complete analysis requires taking both effects into account. The impact of carbon pricing is determined by heterogeneity in household spending patterns across income groups as well as heterogeneity in factor income patterns across income groups. It is also affected by precise formulation of the policy (how is the revenue from carbon pricing distributed) as well as the treatment of other government policies …

Assessing The Federal Deduction For State And Local Tax Payments, Gilbert E. Metcalf

Gilbert E. Metcalf

This paper examines the distributional and behavioral impacts of ending the deductibility of state and local taxes against the federal individual income tax. I carry out a number of distributional analyses — considering both variation across income and across states — of the subsidy from deductibility as well as the distributional impact of potential partial reforms. I also consider how behavioral responses affect the distributional analysis. Using a large panel of data on state and local governments, I find that deductibility increases reliance on deductible taxes and increases state and local spending out of own-source revenue.

Paying For Greenhouse Gas Reductions: What Role For Fairness?, Gilbert E. Metcalf

Gilbert E. Metcalf

Several authors have made different claims regarding the property rights associated with the atmosphere. This discussion is essentially one of fairness and asset ownership. Indirectly, it gets at the question of who

should bear the burden of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While reviewing various ownership claims, this Essay argues that economics cannot adjudicate among competing claims to the atmosphere. What economics can do is improve our understanding of the economic burdens arising from climate change legislation. In particular, this Essay considers the distributional impacts of carbon pricing as a means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

This Essay makes …

Governing Nanotechnology For Solar Fuels: Towards A Jurisprudence Of Global Artificial Photosynthesis, Thomas A. Faunce

Thomas A Faunce

The carbon-based fossil fuels (chiefly oil, coal, and natural gas) implicated in anthropogenic climate change are sequestered outcomes of millions of years of natural photosynthesis. Many emerging areas of nanotechnology research are focusing on artificial photosynthesis as a long-term planetary renewable energy and carbon management option – by providing an alternative form of energy to both fossil fuels and biofuels and as a means of stabilising atmospheric CO2. A macroscience Global Artificial Photosynthesis (GAP) Project, by allowing researchers to refine and enhance the process of photosynthesis, has the potential to become a valuable adjunct to or even supplant other bioenergy …

Artificial Photosynthesis: Feeding And Fuelling The Future, Thomas A. Faunce

Thomas A Faunce

Large research teams in many nations are using nanotechnology to actively redesign photosynthetic components such as light capture antennae, artificial reaction centre proteins, organic polymers and inorganic catalysts. A major aim was to achieve low cost, localised, off-the electricity grid use of sunlight to split water and achieve hydrogen for fuel cells or compression and hyper-cooling to form a liquid fuel that when burnt produces fresh water. The first international conference dedicated to creating a Global Artificial Photosynthesis (GAP) project was held in Australia at Lord Howe Island on 14-18 August 2011. As well as having endorsement from the UNESCO …

Global Artificial Photosynthesis: A Scientific And Legal Introduction., Thomas A. Faunce

Thomas A Faunce

With the global human population set to exceed 10 billion by 2050, its collective energy consumption to rise from 400 to over 500 EJ/yr and with the natural environment under increasing pressure from these sources as well as from anthropogenic climate change, political solutions such as the creation of an efficient carbon price and trading scheme may arrive too late. In this context, the scientific community is exploring technological remedies. Central to these options is artificial photosynthesis – the creation, particularly through nanotechnology, of devices capable to doing what plants have done for millions of years – transforming sunlight, water …

Will International Trade Law Promote Or Inhibit Global Artificial Photosynthesis, Thomas A. Faunce

Thomas A Faunce

Artificial photosynthesis (AP) is an area of well-advanced research involving large international groups at the cutting edge of synthetic biology and nanotechnology. In simple terms it offers to produce a cheap source of hydrogen for fuel through using sunlight to split water, as well as making basic starches by a process involving absorption of carbon dioxide via the enzyme RuBisCO. As the proliferating numbers of university-based research teams working in this area begin to combine, there will be a natural escalation of the expected time for a global roll-out of AP domestic and international devices. Policy attention will then turns …

The Relationship Between Gender Role Conflict And Condom Use Among Black Msm, David J. Malebranche, Roman Gvetadze, Gregorio A. Millett, Madeline Y. Sutton

David J Malebranche

Gender role conflict may influence condom use among black MSM. We examined relationships between the Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS), social/demographic variables and condom use among 456 black MSM. Higher total GRCS scores did not predict unprotected insertive anal intercourse (UIAI) or unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI) with men, but were associated with unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse (UVI/UAI) with women among bisexually active participants (n = 69). Higher perceived HIV risk reduced the likelihood of both UIAI and URAI with men. Internet recruitment venues, sexual discrimination experiences, higher numbers of sex partners and UVI/UAI with women all increased the …

Hiv Risk And Perceptions Of Masculinity Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men, Errol L. Fields, Laura M. Bogart, Katherine C. Smith, David J. Malebranche, Jonathan Ellen, Mark A. Schuster

David J Malebranche

Purpose: Young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) are known to have the highest rates of HIV infection in the United States. Although reported rates of unprotected anal intercourse are similar to the rates ofmen who have sex with men of other racial/ethnic backgrounds, YBMSM aged 15–22 years are five times more likely to be HIV-infected than the comparably aged white men who have sex with men. We explored contextual social-environmental factors that may influence how YBMSM assess risk, choose partners, and make decisions about condom use.

Methods: We analyzed semi-structured interviews with 35 YBMSM (age: 18–24 years) …

Review Of "Bush On The Home Front", Richard M. Skinner

Richard M. Skinner

No abstract provided.

Unions, Monetary Shocks And The Labour Market Cycle, Gonzalo Fernández-De-Córdoba, Jesús Vázquez

Jesús Vázquez

This paper provides a new growth model by considering strategic behaviour in the supply of labour. Workers form a labour union with the aim of manipulating wages for their own benefit. We analyse the implications on labour market dynamics at business cycle frequencies of getting away from the price-taking assumption. A calibrated monetary version of the union model does quite a reasonable job in replicating the dynamic features of labour market variables observed in post-war U.S. data.

Challenges To Integration Of State And Regional Greenhouse Gas Programs, Elizabeth Marie Lokey

Elizabeth Lokey Aldrich

No abstract provided.

Social Dialogue And Worker Representation In Eu2020: Underappreciated And Underplayed, Aline Conchon, Stefan Clauwaert, Romuald Jagodzinski, Isabelle Schömann, Michael Stollt, Kurt Vandaele, Sigurt Vitols

Kurt Vandaele

No abstract provided.

New Jobs — Cleaner Air: Employment Effects Under Planned Changes To The Epa’S Air Pollution Rules, Ben Zipperer, James Heintz, Heidi Garrett-Peltier

Ben Zipperer

In this study commissioned by Ceres, James Heintz, Heidi Garrett-Peltier, and Ben Zipperer examine the economic impacts of air pollution regulations forthcoming from the Environmental Protection Agency: the Clean Air Transport Rule governing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions, and the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Utility Boilers rule, which will set limits for hazardous air pollutants. Focusing on 36 states, the study assesses the potential employment impacts of the transformation of the nation’s energy generation plants to a cleaner, more efficient fleet, through investments in pollution controls and the retirement of outdated plants.

Efficiency Of The Existential Time Training On The Marital Satisfaction Among The Iranian Women, Siti Aishah Hassan Ph.D.

Siti Aishah Hassan Ph.D.

The importance of time as an essential part of every individual’s life cannot be ignored. Additionally, while experts in various areas of science and technology have their own perspective of time, the existential philosophers interpret time in their own particular way. Existential concern regarding the notion of time is not considered in existential counselling as much as several other existential elements. Although the possibilities and abilities of existential time are of great importance on the matrimony, there is a notable gap in experimental research regarding the application of this concept in matrimony. Furthermore, the concern among the counsellors in employing …

Syllabus For Introduction To Comparative Government, Richard M. Skinner

Richard M. Skinner

No abstract provided.

Issues Of Wind Power For Renewable Society Construction At 3-11 Earthquake & Tsunami Striken Areas 被災地からの自然エネルギー社会づくりと風力発電の課題, Masayuki Horio

Masayuki Horio

No abstract provided.

La Estrategia Integral De Rusia En El Ártico Como Eje Central De Su Reposicionamiento Internacional, Daniel Añorve

Daniel Añorve

No abstract provided.

What Ever Happened To Public Finance?, Lonnie K. Stevans

Lonnie K. Stevans

The field of public finance has much to say about the short and long-term burden placed on the economy as a result of public debt financing. Unfortunately, in the current debate, we hear mostly anti-government rhetoric with little basis in fact.

Waterstone’S And The Changing Bookselling Environment In The Uk: The Journey So Far And Prospects, Uzoechi Nwagbara

Dr Uzoechi Nwagbara

This study investigates the market environment of the United Kingdom high street bookselling business with emphasis on Waterstone’s. In doing this, stress shall be placed on a brief exploration of the global outlook of book retailing venture as it relates to the United Kingdom. Another focus of this paper is the micro"environment and macro"environment of book retailing business in the United Kingdom and the internal environment of Waterstone’s – that is a look at the PESTEL, SWOT, consumer behaviour, and Porter’s Five Forces as well as strategies for a re"invented Waterstone’s. Finally, marketing and management strategies for improved services and …

Who's Afraid Of The European Radical Right?, Cas Mudde

Cas Mudde

Many observers of European politics warn that democracy on the continent is in peril. Conservative authors argue that European governments are threatened by a spineless surrender to “Islamofascism,” while liberals fret that Europe is being overtaken by “ghosts of a tortured past,” that is, parties on the “far Right.” Whereas the Islamofascism argument lacks empirical substance and is mostly based on (Islamo)phobia, the “tortured past” claim is largely the result of conceptual confusion and an exaggeration of reality. Neither contem- porary European democracies nor the contem- porary “far Right” groups are similar to their “equivalents” in the 1930s. The contemporary …

Introduction, Mika Ishino, Gale Stam

Gale Stam, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Radical Right Parties In Europe: What, Who, Why?, Cas Mudde

Cas Mudde

No abstract provided.

Secret Shopper Project Scenarios, Jennifer Link Jones

Jennifer L. Jones

No abstract provided.

Learning From Escaped Prescribed Fire Reviews Workshop Flip Chart Summary, Jennifer A. Ziegler, Anne Black, Jim Saveland, Dave Thomas

Jennifer A Ziegler

This document presents a synthesis of the flip charts and discussions from the final afternoon of each workshop. During this session, participants brainstormed about what to keep, what to dump and what to change in burn operations, review processes, products, and transfer in order to further encourage organizational learning from escaped prescribed fires. Although each workshop developed its own flavor and culture, the main topics arose spontaneously in every workshop. The synthesis below reflects the flip chart notes, after editing for clarity and to remove redundancies. This document supplements the Workshop Discussion Summary by providing more concrete ideas about how …