Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Copyright And The Tragedy Of The Commons, Tracy Reilly

Tracy Reilly

Is Negligence A First Cousin To Intentionality? Lay Conceptions Of Negligence And Its Relationship To Intentionality, Narina Nunez

Narina Nunez

In three studies, we examined lay conceptions of negligence and how they are used when making judgments about actors’ intentions, negligence, and blame. Study 1 examined the extent to which participants agreed about what constitutes negligence and accidents. After finding a high level of agreement between participants, Study 2 explored the features that defined participants’ folk understanding of negligence. Additionally, we examined if definitions of negligence overlapped with key features of definitions of intentionality proposed in the literature. Study 2 suggested there were some key overlapping features and differences between negligence and intentionality. Finally, Study 3 examined how two key …

Deviance As Pedagogy: From Non-Dominant Cultural Capital To Deviantly Marked Cultural Repertoires, Ezekiel J. Dixon-Román

Ezekiel J Dixon-Román

Structured Abstract

Background/Context: Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital has been employed extensively in sociological, educational, and anthropological research. However, Bourdieu’s conceptualization of cultural capital has often been misread to refer only to “high status” or dominant cultural norms and resources at the cost of overlooking the meaningful and productive practices of non-dominant and marginalized cultural communities.

Focus of Study: By re-conceptualizing Cohen’s politics of deviance, this paper leans on post-structuralist thinkers to develop a conceptualization of the cultural repertoires of marginalized communities, hereafter referred to as deviantly marked cultural repertoires, that places at the center labeled practices of deviance. …

Sequins, Sass And Sisterhood: An Exploration Of Older Women's Belly Dancing, Angela M. Moe

Angela M. Moe

Disempowering stereotypes plague public perceptions of older women’s bodies, particularly within Western contemporary societies. Consequently, as women age their bodies often become sources of shame, discomfort and ridicule. Belly dance, as a form of recreative leisure, provides a unique and somewhat unexpected space for women to subvert such perceptions. Based on qualitative interviews with older American women who belly dance, this paper examines the ways in which this form of recreation provides participants a means of (re)gaining mobility, (re)claiming social space, (re)building social support, and (re)defining what it means to be sensual later in life.

The Influence Of Leadership And Trust On The Sharing Of Tacit Knowledge: Exploring A Path Model, Billy Whisnant, Odai Khasawneh

Odai Khasawneh

Dimensions Of Legislative Conflict: Coalitions, Obstructionism, And Lawmaking In Multiparty Presidential Regimes, Taeko Hiroi, Lucio Renno

Taeko Hiroi

This article addresses central issues in multiparty presidential systems: the functioning of legislative coalitions and the dynamics of legislative conflict. Since electoral competition has elements of both positive-sum (increase in common support) and zero-sum (exact division of the support) qualities, lawmaking in coalitional systems presents unique challenges. Using legislative data from Brazil, we examine how coalition management and unity affect legislative delay and obstructionism. We find, among others, that: (1) coalition management is pivotal for both faster legislative approval and less obstructionism, but its effect depends on coalition size; and (2) cohesive opposition impedes the legislative process.

How To Make America Walkable, Michael Lewyn

Michael E Lewyn

Review of Walkable City, by Jeff Speck

Religion And Deep Multiculturalism: Toward A Cosmopolitical Ethics Of Engagement, Paul W. Nesbitt-Larking, Catarina Kinnvall

Paul W Nesbitt-Larking

No abstract provided.

The Politics Of Public Opinion, Paul W. Nesbitt-Larking

Paul W Nesbitt-Larking

No abstract provided.

2014 Cnu Blog Posts, Michael Lewyn

Michael E Lewyn

Negative Leakage, Don Fullerton, Daniel H. Karney, Kathy Baylis

Daniel H Karney

Our analytical general equilibrium model solves for effects of a small increase in carbon tax on leakage—the increase in emissions elsewhere. Identical consumers buy two goods using income from endowments that are mobile between sectors. Usually an increase in one sector’s tax raises output price, so consumption shifts to the other good, causing positive leakage. Here, we find a new negative effect not recognized in existing literature: the taxed sector substitutes away from carbon into clean inputs, so it may absorb resources, shrink the other sector, and reduce their emissions. This “abatement resource effect” could offset some or all of …

The Impact Of Sanctions On Russia, Peter Rutland

Peter Rutland

Are Men More Likely Than Women To Become Heroes And Villains?, Scott T. Allison, George R. Goethals

Scott T. Allison

Roy Baumeister's analysis of the evolution of gender roles suggests that men take greater risks than women and are therefore more likely to occupy the extreme ends of success and failure in society. We extend this analysis further to argue that men may be more likely than women to become heroes and villains.

Kings And Charisma, Lincoln And Leadership: An Evolutionary Perspective, George R. Goethals, Scott T. Allison

Scott T. Allison

People revere charismatic leaders. In this chapter, we examine charisma from an evolutionary perspective. In doing so, we explore the charisma of Martin Luther King, Jr., Elvis Presley, Muhammad Ali, and Abraham Lincoln.

"Now He Belongs To The Ages”: The Heroic Leadership Dynamic And Deep Narratives Of Greatness, Scott T. Allison, George R. Goethals

Scott T. Allison

In this article, we review the psychology of hero development and hero worship. Heroes and hero narratives fulfill important cognitive and emotional needs, including the need for wisdom, meaning, hope, inspiration, and growth. Hero stories provide epistemic benefits by providing scripts for prosocial action, by revealing fundamental truths about human existence, by unpacking life paradoxes, and by cultivating emotional intelligence. To energize us, heroes promote moral elevation, heal psychic wounds, inspire psychological growth, and exude charisma.

Why Scientists Who Study Good And Evil Are Vulnerable To Criticism, Scott T. Allison

Scott T. Allison

In this article, I review evidence indicating that good and evil are in the eye of the beholder. In addition, I argue that taking this stance makes one vulnerable to criticism. This argument is consistent with Roy Baumeister’s declaration that good and evil are “not strongly tethered to objective reality.”

Maternal Working Hours And The Well-Being Of Adolescent Children, Silvia Mendolia

Silvia Mendolia

This study investigates how maternal working hours are related to various outcomes in children aged 11–15 using a sample of mothers and adolescents in the British Household Panel Survey. Research that examines the effects of maternal employment on children has been motivated by the rapid increase of female participation rates in the labour market and increased shares of children living in female-headed or single-mother households. The existing literature on this issue is very limited, mostly based on American data, and provides conflicting results. Fixed effects have been used in the present analysis to control for characteristics of children and families …

A History Of Financial Regulation In The Usa From The Beginning Until Today: 1789 To 2011, Gary Richardson

Gary Richardson

No abstract provided.

If You Are Quick Enough, I Will Think About It: Information Speed And Trust In Public Health Organizations, Kenneth Lachlan, Patric R. Spence, Chad Edwards, Katie M. Reno, Autumn Edwards

Chad Edwards

Mediation Between So And Commit.Pdf, Jana Michelle Hackathorn, Amanda Brantley

Jana Hackathorn

Doing Wrong To Do Right? Social Preferences And Dishonest Behavior, Edward Okeke, Susan Godlonton

Edward Okeke

Can pro-social preferences lead to dishonest or unethical behavior? Lab evidence suggests that it can. In this paper, we document some of the first field evidence of this phenomenon. In this study, individuals were hired as field staff and tasked with distributing subsidized price vouchers following a clearly specified protocol. We find substantial deviation from the protocol, i.e., cheating. We study the mis-allocation of the vouchers to gain some insight into motivations for dishonesty. In our main result we find that the field staff were significantly more likely to allocate the higher value vouchers (those representing a greater subsidy) to …

Can Institutional Deliveries Reduce Newborn Mortality? Evidence From Rwanda, Edward Okeke, A.V. Chari

Edward Okeke

Current global health policies emphasize institutional deliveries as a pathway to achieving reductions in newborn mortality in developing countries. There is however remarkably little evidence regarding a causal relationship between institutional deliveries and newborn mortality. In this paper we take advantage of a shock to institutional deliveries provided by the randomized rollout of a government performance-based financing program in Rwanda, to provide the first estimates of this causal effect. We construct an instrumental variables estimator that combines interrupted time-series and difference-in-differences approaches. We do not find any statistically significant effect of an institutional birth on either 7- or 30-day mortality …

Receiving While Giving: The Differential Roles Of Receiving Help And Satisfaction With Help On Caregiver Rewards Among Spouses And Adult-Children., Marie Y. Savundranayagam

Marie Y. Savundranayagam

An Investigation Into Psychological Stress Detection And Management In Organisations Operating In Project And Construction Management, Alan Patching, Rick Best

Rick Best

While psychologists remain divided whether ‘workplace stress’ is caused by workplace experiences or other factors, it’s commonly accepted that, regardless of cause, people experiencing stress can demonstrate decreased workplace performance. From a human performance and productivity perspective, from whence stress arises is somewhat irrelevant–the relevant fact is that it’s far more important to have systems and procedures in place to contribute to avoidance of undue work environment caused stress. It is also important to identify when an employee is exhibiting signs of stress than it is to focus only on remedial measures for when stress effects have already taken their …

New Perspectives On The Chalcolithic Period In The Galilee: Investigations At The Site Of Marj Rabba, Yorke M. Rowan, Morag M. Kersel

Morag M. Kersel

No abstract provided.

Continuing To Exercise Choice After School Selection In Nepal, Priyadarshani Joshi

Priyadarshani Joshi

Between Surface And Summit: The Process Of Mound Construction At Feltus, Megan C. Kassabaum, Edward R. Henry, Vincas P. Steponaitis, John W. O'Hear

Megan C Kassabaum

Geophysical methods that explore depths more than 1m below the surface were employed at Feltus (22Je500), a Coles Creek period (AD 700–1200) mound-and-plaza group in southwestern Mississippi, USA. It is difficult to assess the internal structure of large platform mounds such as those at Feltus using excavation and traditional geophysical techniques alone. As a result, such investigations often focus only on activities that took place during and after the final stage(s) of construction. Our 2012 research at Feltus utilized electrical resistivity tomography and downhole magnetic susceptibility to examine the internal structure of two platform mounds at depths beyond those commonly …

Management Knowledge And The Organization Of Team Science In University Research Centers, Craig Boardman, Branco Ponomariov

Craig Boardman

Increasingly, principal investigators are tasked by funding agencies not only to expand knowledge in a particular field of inquiry, but also to manage and coordinate sets of diverse actors, including researchers with different disciplinary backgrounds and with different institutional affiliations. This paper addresses how principal investigators organize and manage sets of diverse researchers in university research centers. The premise of the paper is that centers possessing ‘‘management knowledge’’—as embodied in principal investigators themselves and in colleagues and subordinates (e.g. past experiences in centers, industry, formal management training and professional experience)—will demonstrate different structural and managerial characteristics when compared to centers …

Pico De Gallo: Spicing Up Evidence-Based Nursing Research, Cassandra Kvenild, Jenny Garcia

Cassandra Kvenild

No abstract provided.

2014 Planetizen Blog Posts, Michael Lewyn

Michael E Lewyn