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2016

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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Speaking Of That: Terms To Avoid Or Reconsider In The Eating Disorders Field, Ruth Striegel Weissman Dec 2015

Speaking Of That: Terms To Avoid Or Reconsider In The Eating Disorders Field, Ruth Striegel Weissman

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Inspired by an article on 50 terms that, in the interest of clarity in scientific reasoning and communication in psychology, psychiatry, and allied fields, “should be avoided or at most be used sparingly and only with explicit caveats,”1 we propose a list of terms to avoid or think twice about before using when writing for the International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED). Drawing upon our experience as reviewers or editors for the IJED, we generated an abridged list of such terms. For each term, we explain why it made our list and what alternatives we recommend. We hope that our …

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Standing Posts And Special Substances: Gathering And Ritual Deposition At Fetlus (22je500), Jefferson County, Mississippi, Megan C. Kassabaum, Erin S. Nelson Dec 2015

Standing Posts And Special Substances: Gathering And Ritual Deposition At Fetlus (22je500), Jefferson County, Mississippi, Megan C. Kassabaum, Erin S. Nelson

Megan C Kassabaum

Because it immediately precedes the Mississippi period, Coles Creek (A.D. 700–1200) culture is often viewed through the lens of Mississippian social organization. In particular, early platform mound-and-plaza complexes have long been understood as elite compounds due to their physical similarities with later sites. However, evidence regarding the construction and use of the monumental landscape at the Feltus site (22JE500 ) in Jefferson County, MS, suggests that platform mound construction was but one aspect of a broader ritual sequence aimed at gathering the dispersed Coles Creek community. In addition to mound building, this sequence included the setting and removal of freestanding …

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Initial Interaction Expectations With Robots: Testing The Human-To-Human Interaction Script, Chad Edwards, Autumn Edwards, David Westerman, Patric R. Spence Dec 2015

Initial Interaction Expectations With Robots: Testing The Human-To-Human Interaction Script, Chad Edwards, Autumn Edwards, David Westerman, Patric R. Spence

Chad Edwards

As social robotics becomes more utilized and routine in everyday situations, individuals will be interacting with social robots in a variety of contexts. Centered on the use of human-to-human interaction scripts, the current study hypothesized that individuals would be more uncertain, have less liking and anticipate less social presence when they are told that they will be interacting with a social robot as opposed to another person. Additionally, the current study utilized a two-time measurement model experiment to explore perceptions of interacting with either a robot or human. Data were consistent with hypotheses. Research questions examined perceptions from Time 1 …

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Robots In The Classroom: Differences In Students’ Perceptions Of Credibility And Learning Between “Teacher As Robot” And “Robot As Teacher”, Autumn Edwards, Chad Edwards, Patric R. Spence, Christina Harris, Andrew Gambino Dec 2015

Robots In The Classroom: Differences In Students’ Perceptions Of Credibility And Learning Between “Teacher As Robot” And “Robot As Teacher”, Autumn Edwards, Chad Edwards, Patric R. Spence, Christina Harris, Andrew Gambino

Chad Edwards

Advancements in technology are bringing robotics into interpersonal communication contexts, including
the college classroom. This study was one of the first to examine college students’ communication related
perceptions of robots being used in an instructional capacity. Student participants rated both a human instructor using a telepresence robot and an autonomous social robot delivering the same lesson as credible. However, students gave higher credibility ratings to the teacher as robot, which led to differences between the two instructional agents in their learning outcomes. Students reported more affective learning from the teacher as robot than the robot as teacher, despite controlled instructional …

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Tweeting Fast Matters, But Only If I Think About It: Information Updates On Social Media, Patric R. Spence, Kenneth Lachlan, Autumn Edwards, Chad Edwards Dec 2015

Tweeting Fast Matters, But Only If I Think About It: Information Updates On Social Media, Patric R. Spence, Kenneth Lachlan, Autumn Edwards, Chad Edwards

Chad Edwards

Social media have emerged as increasingly important sources through which the public seeks information concerning crises or risks. Despite this increased dependence, little is known about the psychological processes associated with perceptions of source credibility or the desire to seek additional information related to the risk. The current study investigates the role of speed of updates in credibility perceptions and information
seeking using Twitter. The results do not provide evidence of a direct relationship between update speed and the outcomes under consideration. They do, however, consistently support a mediation model in which cognitive elaboration mediates the relationship between update speed …

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Differences In Perceptions Of Communication Quality Between A Twitterbot And Human Agent For Information Seeking And Learning, Chad Edwards, Austin Beattie, Autumn Edwards, Patric R. Spence Dec 2015

Differences In Perceptions Of Communication Quality Between A Twitterbot And Human Agent For Information Seeking And Learning, Chad Edwards, Austin Beattie, Autumn Edwards, Patric R. Spence

Chad Edwards

Twitter’s design allows the implementation of automated programs that can submit tweets, interact with others, and generate content based on algorithms. Scholars and end-users alike refer to these programs to as “Twitterbots.” This two-part study explores the differences in perceptions of communication quality between a human agent and a Twitterbot in the areas of cognitive elaboration, information seeking, and learning outcomes. In accordance with the Computers Are Social Actors (CASA) framework (Reeves & Nass, 1996), results suggest that participants learned the same from either a Twitterbot or a human agent. Results are discussed in light of CASA, as well as …

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Does Price Affect The Demand For Information About New Health Technologies? Evidence From A Field Experiment In Nigeria, Edward Okeke, A. V. Chari, Akinfolarin Adepiti Dec 2015

Does Price Affect The Demand For Information About New Health Technologies? Evidence From A Field Experiment In Nigeria, Edward Okeke, A. V. Chari, Akinfolarin Adepiti

Edward Okeke

We study how pricing subsidies influence the demand for information about a new preventative health technology. We conducted a field experiment in Nigeria where women were offered the opportunity to get screened for cervical cancer (at baseline 2/3 of women had no knowledge of cervical cancer screening). Field staff made house calls to give women information about the test, and also distributed vouchers that randomly varied the price of screening at the point of service. We study the demand for information in this context, and how it interacts with prices. We find an inverse U-shaped relationship between price and the …

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Does A Ban On Informal Health Providers Save Lives? Evidence From Malawi, Edward Okeke, Susan Godlonton Dec 2015

Does A Ban On Informal Health Providers Save Lives? Evidence From Malawi, Edward Okeke, Susan Godlonton

Edward Okeke

Informal health providers ranging from drug vendors to traditional healers account for a large fraction of health care provision in developing countries. They are, however, largely unlicensed and unregulated leading to concern that they provide ineffective and, in some cases, even harmful care. A new and controversial policy tool that has been proposed to alter household health seeking behavior is an outright ban on these informal providers. The theoretical effects of such a ban are ambiguous. In this paper, we study the effect of a ban on informal (traditional) birth attendants imposed by the Malawi government in 2007. To measure …

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2016 Planetizen.Com Blog Posts, Michael Lewyn Dec 2015

2016 Planetizen.Com Blog Posts, Michael Lewyn

Michael E Lewyn

Blog posts on urban and suburban issues. Originals at planetizen.com

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Gazelles, Liminality, And Chalcolithic Ritual: A Case Study From Marj Rabba, Israel, Max Price, Yorke M. Rowan, Austin C. Hill, Morag M. Kersel Dec 2015

Gazelles, Liminality, And Chalcolithic Ritual: A Case Study From Marj Rabba, Israel, Max Price, Yorke M. Rowan, Austin C. Hill, Morag M. Kersel

Morag M. Kersel

Endangered today, gazelles were both economically and symbolically important to the peoples of the ancient Near East. In various contexts, the gazelle has represented liminality, death, and rebirth. Gazelles held special significance in the southern Levant, where archaeologists have documented cases, spanning 20,000 years, of ritual behavior involving gazelle body parts. What roles did gazelles play during the Chalcolithic (ca. 4500–3600 b.c.), a period of both decreased hunting and ritual intensification? In this article, we discuss a unique find of burned gazelle feet at the site of Marj Rabba (northern Israel). The feet were found within a well-constructed building that …

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Neural Representations Of Physics Concepts, Robert A. Mason, Marcel Adam Just Dec 2015

Neural Representations Of Physics Concepts, Robert A. Mason, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

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Modality-Independent Representations Of Small Quantities Based On Brain Activation Patterns, Saudamini R. Damarla, Vladimir L. Cherkassky, Marcel Adam Just Dec 2015

Modality-Independent Representations Of Small Quantities Based On Brain Activation Patterns, Saudamini R. Damarla, Vladimir L. Cherkassky, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

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Identifying Thematic Roles From Neural Representations Measured By Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Jing Wang, Vladimir L. Cherkassky, Ying Yang, Kai-Min Kevin Chang, Roberto Vargas, Nicholas Diana, Marcel Adam Just Dec 2015

Identifying Thematic Roles From Neural Representations Measured By Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Jing Wang, Vladimir L. Cherkassky, Ying Yang, Kai-Min Kevin Chang, Roberto Vargas, Nicholas Diana, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

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Icelandic Impulse, Gloriana St. Clair Dec 2015

Icelandic Impulse, Gloriana St. Clair

Gloriana St. Clair

Explains how I came to love the country of Iceland and why I love to travel there.

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Intimate Partner Violence In The Great Recession, Daniel Schneider, Kristen Harknett, Sara Mclanahan Dec 2015

Intimate Partner Violence In The Great Recession, Daniel Schneider, Kristen Harknett, Sara Mclanahan

Kristen Harknett

In the United States, the Great Recession was marked by severe negative shocks to labor market conditions. In this study, we combine longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study with U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics data on local area unemployment rates to examine the relationship between adverse labor market conditions and mothers’ experiences of abusive behavior between 2001 and 2010. Unemployment and economic hardship at the household level were positively related to abusive behavior. Further, rapid increases in the unemployment rate increased men’s controlling behavior toward romantic partners even after we adjust for unemployment and economic distress …

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Three Legs On The Stool: Service Learning Projects, Community, And Library, Karen Schmidt, Deborah Halperin Dec 2015

Three Legs On The Stool: Service Learning Projects, Community, And Library, Karen Schmidt, Deborah Halperin

Karen Schmidt

Illinois Wesleyan University’s Action Research Center launches many different service learning projects in the Bloomington-Normal community. Often these projects originate from the community, and employ the action research model that imbeds the participant-researcher in the organization or program that is being studied. The IWU library has seized on opportunities to integrate library research and critical thinking skills into service learning projects. Some are obvious - working with faculty and students in senior seminar classes to assist with research papers and presentations - while others are more subtle. Using a service learning project as a case study, the authors discuss the …

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Modality-Independent Representations Of Small Quantities Based On Brain Activation Patterns, Saudamini R. Damarla, Vladimir L. Cherkassky, Marcel Adam Just Dec 2015

Modality-Independent Representations Of Small Quantities Based On Brain Activation Patterns, Saudamini R. Damarla, Vladimir L. Cherkassky, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

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Disentangling Moral Hazard And Adverse Selection In Private Health Insurance, David Powell, Dana Goldman Dec 2015

Disentangling Moral Hazard And Adverse Selection In Private Health Insurance, David Powell, Dana Goldman

David Powell

Moral hazard and adverse selection create inefficiencies in private health insurance markets and understanding the relative importance of each factor is critical for policy.   We use claims data from a large firm which changed health insurance plan options to isolate moral hazard from plan selection.  Using an instrumental variables quantile regression approach, we estimate the differential causal impact of each health insurance plan on the entire distribution of medical expenditures.  We account for systematic sample attrition during the sample period by conditioning on a nonseparable sample selection adjustment.   Our estimates imply that 54% of the additional medical spending …

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A Study Of Citations To Wikipedia In Scholarly Publications.Pdf, Robert Tomaszewski, Karen I. Macdonald Dec 2015

A Study Of Citations To Wikipedia In Scholarly Publications.Pdf, Robert Tomaszewski, Karen I. Macdonald

Karen I. MacDonald

The debate on using Wikipedia as a credible academic information
resource is dynamic and controversial. This study used the Web of
Science (WoS) database and its “Cited Reference” and “Analyze
Results” tools to identify and examine trends in the use of
Wikipedia citations in scholarly, peer-reviewed publications for
the years from 2002 to 2015. Results indicate that the use of
Wikipedia citations in peer-reviewed journals has been increasing
since 2002. Given that Wikipedia is considered a nonauthoritative
source, it might be assumed that this resource is frequently being
cited in open access (OA) journals, which are sometimes considered
less rigorous …

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The Middle Class, Urban Schools, And Choice, Michael Lewyn Dec 2015

The Middle Class, Urban Schools, And Choice, Michael Lewyn

Michael E Lewyn

It is common knowledge that middle- and upper-class parents tend to disfavor urban public schools, and often move to suburbs in order to avoid having to send their children to those schools. Thus, the condition of urban public schools contributes to suburban sprawl- that is, the movement of people and jobs from city to suburb. 

            This article discusses a variety of possible solutions to the unpopularity of urban schools among middle-class parents.  Part I of the Article suggests that this problem is a cause as well as a result of middle-class flight: that is, urban schools have poor reputations …

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Smart Engagement: Planning And Decision-Making In Distressed Urban Neighborhoods, Justin Hollander, Michael P. Johnson Jr., Eliza D. Whiteman Dec 2015

Smart Engagement: Planning And Decision-Making In Distressed Urban Neighborhoods, Justin Hollander, Michael P. Johnson Jr., Eliza D. Whiteman

Michael P. Johnson

This book addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of decision science and information technologies to help stabilize and revitalize distressed urban communities in the United States.

While cities in the U.S. grow and decline at various rates and for different underlying reasons, neighborhoods within cities that have faced sustained demographic and socio-economic challenges over time may have multiple factors in common, such as physical blight, widespread vacancies, underserved and marginalized populations and, in some cases, local markets that do not respond to traditional economic development strategies. These distressed communities are often indicative of high levels of spatial …

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Estimating Intensive And Extensive Tax Responsiveness: Do Older Workers Respond To Income Taxes?, Abby Alpert, David Powell Dec 2015

Estimating Intensive And Extensive Tax Responsiveness: Do Older Workers Respond To Income Taxes?, Abby Alpert, David Powell

David Powell

This paper studies the impact of income taxes on the labor supply decisions of older individuals.  We jointly estimate intensive and extensive margin tax elasticities while addressing selection issues that have previously hindered consistent estimation of labor supply effects.  We find large and statistically significant labor force participation tax elasticities for the population ages 62-74.   We also estimate statistically significant effects on the intensive margin.  Modeling two proposed age-targeted tax reforms, our estimates imply substantial scope for increasing labor force participation rates of older individuals through the tax code.

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The Role Of Activist & Media Communication In Helping Humanity Establish Its Responsibility Toward Fellow Animals, Carrie P. Freeman Dec 2015

The Role Of Activist & Media Communication In Helping Humanity Establish Its Responsibility Toward Fellow Animals, Carrie P. Freeman

Carrie P. Freeman


This chapter explores how communication is the fundamental means by which animal and environmental advocates and the media can increase awareness of and accountability for our harmful actions toward nonhuman animals in the Anthropocene era in order to facilitate restorative public intervention on their behalf. I first outline the ethical principle of responsibility to demonstrate what it means for humans to bear moral responsibility for intentional oppression of nonhuman animals as well as negligent self-centered actions that routinely disadvantage other animals and disproportionately usurp or damage resources upon which they depend. Put in context of scholarly literature on strategic communication …

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Social Media And Crisis Management: Cerc, Search Strategies, And Twitter Content, Kenneth Lachlan, Patric Spence, Xialing Lin, Kristy M. Najarian, Maria Del Greco Dec 2015

Social Media And Crisis Management: Cerc, Search Strategies, And Twitter Content, Kenneth Lachlan, Patric Spence, Xialing Lin, Kristy M. Najarian, Maria Del Greco

Patric R. Spence

The current manuscript explores Twitter use and content in the precrisis stages of a major weather event in the northeast. A multi-level content analysis of tweets collected in the lead up to landfall suggests that emergency management agencies largely underutilized the medium, and that actionable information was easier to find when searching along localized hashtags. The findings are discussed in terms of the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) model of crisis management and implications for emergency management agencies.

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'Oral Versions Of Personal Experience’: Labovian Narrative Analysis And Its Uptake, Barbara Johnstone Dec 2015

'Oral Versions Of Personal Experience’: Labovian Narrative Analysis And Its Uptake, Barbara Johnstone

Barbara Johnstone

William Labov is known across the human and social sciences for his work on oral narratives about personal experience. This article provides an overview of that research and discusses its uptake and influence in linguistics and in other fields. Subsequent scholarship on narrative has critiqued Labov’s model on the grounds that it privileges a certain genre of personal-experience narrative and underplays the role of interlocutors and other contextual features in shaping oral narratives, but such scholarship inevitably borrows Labov’s insight that the form of narrative is linked to its interactional functions. Narrative research in psychology and other fields often cites …

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Review Of Sali Tagliamonte, Making Waves: The Story Of Variationist Sociolinguistics, Barbara Johnstone Dec 2015

Review Of Sali Tagliamonte, Making Waves: The Story Of Variationist Sociolinguistics, Barbara Johnstone

Barbara Johnstone

No abstract provided.

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Differences In Perceptions Of Communication Quality Between A Twitterbot And Human Agent For Information Seeking And Learning, Chad Edwards, Austin Beattie, Autumn Edwards, Patric R. Spence Dec 2015

Differences In Perceptions Of Communication Quality Between A Twitterbot And Human Agent For Information Seeking And Learning, Chad Edwards, Austin Beattie, Autumn Edwards, Patric R. Spence

Patric R. Spence

Twitter’s design allows the implementation of automated programs that can submit tweets, interact with others, and generate content based on algorithms. Scholars and end-users alike refer to these programs to as “Twitterbots.” This two-part study explores the differences in perceptions of communication quality between a human agent and a Twitterbot in the areas of cognitive elaboration, information seeking, and learning outcomes. In accordance with the Computers Are Social Actors (CASA) framework (Reeves & Nass, 1996), results suggest that participants learned the same from either a Twitterbot or a human agent. Results are discussed in light of CASA, as well as …

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Crisis Communication, Learning And Responding: Best Practices In Social Media, Xialing Lin, Patric R. Spence, Timothy L. Sellnow, Kenneth Lachlan Dec 2015

Crisis Communication, Learning And Responding: Best Practices In Social Media, Xialing Lin, Patric R. Spence, Timothy L. Sellnow, Kenneth Lachlan

Patric R. Spence

As noted by Seeger (2006) the notion of best practices is often use to improve professional practice; to create research and functional recommendations to use in a specific situation. This essay describes best practices in crisis communication specifically through the use of social media. It provides suggestions and approaches for improving the effectiveness of crisis communication and learning with and between organizations, governments and citizens. Seven best practices for effective crisis communication using social media are outlined.

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A River Runs Through It: A Multiple Streams Meta‐Review, Michael D. Jones Dr. , Holly L. Peterson, Jonathan J. Pierce, Nicole Herweg, Amiel Bernal, Holly Lamberta, Nikolaos Zahariadis Dec 2015

A River Runs Through It: A Multiple Streams Meta‐Review, Michael D. Jones Dr. , Holly L. Peterson, Jonathan J. Pierce, Nicole Herweg, Amiel Bernal, Holly Lamberta, Nikolaos Zahariadis

Michael D. Jones

This study uses content analysis of recent Multiple Streams Approach (MSA) research to determine the scope of MSA applications, examining the consistency, and coherence with which concepts of MSA are applied. Our analysis examines peer-reviewed articles testing MSA concepts available in English published from 2000 through 2013 (N = 311). Among other findings, we observe that MSA is applied to study 65 different countries, at multiple levels of governance, across 22 different policy areas, and by researchers spanning the globe. Our findings suggest that while MSA is prolific, consistency across applications—in terms of operationalization of MSA core concepts—is needed …

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Homeland Security Leadership.Docx, D'Andre Devon Lampkin Dec 2015

Homeland Security Leadership.Docx, D'Andre Devon Lampkin

D'Andre Lampkin

This paper highlights the leadership of Oakland Police Officer Johnna Watson as it relates to her role in Homeland Security / Emergency Management. Officer Watson currently serves as one of two Public Information Officers for the Oakland Police Department and is currently assigned to the agency’s Media Relations office (City of Oakland California). Little to no information is available on the internet about Officer Watson’s career or her qualifications as a Public Information Officer. However, several videos showing her performing her duties are available on the internet thanks to coverage by news agencies, bloggers, and social media.

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