Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Commensal Rodent Control, D. R. Maddock, H. F. Schoof

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

SUMMARY: Federal Urban Rat Control Program grants were awarded to cities in different areas of the United States. Severe problems of rat infestations have been detected in many of the cities by the Environmental Health Service. Approximately 20% of 3.8 million people in the project areas were occupying homes infested with rats. Control operations are now in effect in all cities, and the living conditions of the people have been substantially improved. An increase in interest in rodent control also is evident in countries outside of the United States. The Technical Development Laboratories of the National Communicable Disease Center are …

What’S Ahead In Predator Management, Maynard W. Cummings

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

Editors note: Because of the great need for exchange of information concerning predator management, I have requested and received permission from the author to include in the Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings this paper presented at the Predator Ecology Symposium held in Orland, California, March 1, 1972.

There may not be many things about predators that everyone here agrees upon, but I do believe you all are certain that major changes are about to be made in their management. You all are aware of two recent proclamations of change, the President's Executive Order No. 11643 of February 8, 1972, and the …

Conference Participants, Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

The Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference drew a registered attendance of 239 with an estimated additional 50-75 persons who attended portions of the conference but did not register. As in past conferences, the attendance was made up of individuals having varying interests in vertebrate pest problems from twenty two states plus the District of Columbia. Participants from Canada, Denmark, England, Germany, India and New Zealand contributed greatly to the success of the conference and provided further exchange of information on an international level.

Closing Remarks - Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Warren V. Johnson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

As this concludes the Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference, I would like to thank all of you for your attendance and the enthusiasm you have shown throughout the meeting. Any suggestions or comments you may have to improve future meetings will be appreciated. On behalf of the California Vertebrate Pest Committee, I want to thank all speakers for their contributions and the Session Chairmen for a job well done in keeping the program moving smoothly. Also a special thanks to those individuals, organizations and agencies that contributed to the preparation for the success of this Conference, particularly the Chairmen and members …

Digital Video Display System Using Cathode-Ray Tube, George M. Low, Arthur I. Zygielbaum, Warren L. Martin, Alexander Engel

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

A digital video display system (DWDS) is disclosed for display of image, alphanumeric and other data on a cathode-ray tube (CRT) with sequential raster scan and two, four or eight gray shades. The DVDS includes a central processing unit for ac tivating the system, selecting the X (horizontal axis) and Z (in tensity modulation) modes, and designating the starting loca tion of two successive rasters of data from a memory accessed by a data multiplexer subsystem (DMS). At the end of each raster, the DMS interrupts the computer for a new starting lo cation of a raster of data to …

Communications Link For Computers, Thomas O. Paine, Arthur I. Zygielbaum, James W. Layland, Warren L. Martin

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

A system is disclosed for a computer to communicate with a selected one of a plurality of other computers through two identical communications links associated with the communicating computers. A single channel connects the two links which operate at a clock rate independent of the computers. Binary digits and clock pulses are combined and converted into a three-level signal for serial transmission over the single channel. Both control messages and data words may be transmitted. Each message and word transmitted is checked for error by the receiving link before it is accepted and the receiving computer is interrupted. If error …

Contents, Committees, And Frontmatter

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

No abstract provided.

Huxley Humus, 1972, Volume 02, Issue 05, Shirley Weston, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

Historical Collection of Huxley Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Water Resources News, Volume 4, No. 3, March 1972

Water Current Newsletter

1972 Annual Meeting of UCOWR
Summer Short Course Planned
Simulation of Water Resources Systems
Institute on Applications of Stochastic Methods in Civil Engineering
Institute on River Mechanics
Water Resources Systems - Short Course
International Symposium on Mathematical Modelling Techniques in Water Resources Systems
Seminar on Advances in Practical Hydrology
NWRA Resolutions
EPA to Be Advised By Experts on Sewage Plant Construction
GAO Questions EPA Insistence on Clean Waste Water
Study on Water Subsidies
EPA Bias for Sewage Hinders Farm Cleanup
Land Use Planning
Rural Development Act (HR 12931) Passed by House
Saline Water Bill Goes to House
1973 USGS Budget …

Decoding By Sequential Code Reduction, Luther D. Rudolph, Carlos R.P. Hartmann

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports

A general decoding method for cyclic codes is presented which gives promise of substantially reducing the complexity of decoders at the cost of a modest increase in decoding time (or delay). Significant reductions in decoder complexity for binary cyclic finite-geometry codes are demonstrated, and two decoding options for the Golay code are presented.

The Prairie Naturalist Vol. 4, No.1. March, 1972

The Prairie Naturalist

EDITORIAL: Advertising by Power Suppliers ▪ William A. Buresh

FIRST FLOWERS OF TREES, SHRUBS AND VINES IN THE FARGO, NORTH DAKOTA AREA ▪ O. A. Stevens

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA—1971 ▪ Robert N. Randall

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION IN NORTH DAKOTA—EXPECTATIONS AND REALITIES ▪ Paul B. Kannowski

SEASONAL NOTES ON PLANKTON ALGAE OF EAST STUMP LAKE, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ Dean W. Blinn

A SKUNK WITH A GLASS COLLAR ▪ Peter W. Rakowski

SPRING MIGRATION OF BIRDS IN NORTH DAKOTA IN 1971 ▪ Paul F. Springer, Douglas H. Johnson and John T. Lokemoen

NOTE

Red throated loon observed on Lake Ashtabula, …

Solutions Of The Two-State Potential-Curve-Crossing Problem, John B. Delos, W. R. Thorson

Arts & Sciences Articles

A general theory of the two-state curve-crossing problem has been developed, with a complete solution of an accurate model for "close" crossings (including numerical computations for strong coupling). Results clarify the position of the Landau-Zener approximation and its improvements by Nikitin and others, provide a general way of extending these approximations into regions often treated incorrectly (including the high-energy limit), and can be readily adapted to simple, rapid calculations.

Opening Remarks - Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

It is a pleasure to welcome you to the Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference. It has been 10 years since the first Conference was held in Sacramento in February of 1962. The attendance has grown at each successive conference and, from the looks of the audience this morning, we shall surpass all previous records. It would, however, be wrong to judge the significance of this conference on attendance alone, for we are equally or more concerned with the quality of the conference and its ultimate contribution to the specialized area of wildlife management. The Conference is sponsored by the California Vertebrate …

Keynote Address - Vertebrates: A Resource Needing Management, Donald A. Spencer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

A veritable storm of concern for wildlife - approaching biotechnology - is currently sweeping the nation. Some of this concern has a sound basis. But the very best of ideas and programs can be carried so far that they become irrational. We appear to be driving head-on into irrational actions with respect to environmental good housekeeping. The vegetative cover in the United States has changed markedly as the result of Man's occupancy, reducing the habitat on which some wildlife species depend and greatly enhancing that of others. Competition, a no-holds-barred struggle, continues unabated between all living things for the finite …

The Extending Of Cotton Rat Range In California - Their Life History And Control, Dell O. Clark

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus eremicus Mearns) are known to have reached the Imperial Valley in 1921 from the Colorado River along canal banks. Recently (1967-69) cotton rats were found distributed throughout the irrigated portion of the Imperial Valley, Imperial County, California. Limited crop damage has occurred and is described. Life history information is included. Control measures are listed.

Status And Control Of Nutria In California, Frank Schitoskey Jr., James Evans, G. Keith Lavoie

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

Although feral nutria (Myocastor coypus) have been present in California since the mid-1940's, they are quite scarce and at present are causing little or no agricultural damage. Present state regulations and pest detection activities will probably prevent them from becoming a serious economic pest. Should control ever become necessary, studies in other areas indicate that shooting, trapping, and baiting with zinc phosphide should be effective.

Muskrats In Central Europe And Their Control, Kurt Becker

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

An account of the introduction of muskrats into Europe and their spread over the countries of Europe is presented. The reasons why the animal should be controlled are discussed. Legal regulations often do not keep up with the requirements and economic and political circumstances and frequently have encouraged the spread of muskrats. The use of traps alone does not solve the problem of their control. Therefore research is looking for suitable poisons and a good practice to apply them. At present this question cannot be answered satisfactorily.

The Need Of Surface Sprays For The Control Of Microtine Rodents, Mogens Lund

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

Four Microtine species, the field vole (Microtus agrestis), the continental vole (Microtus arvalis), the water vole (Arvicola terrestris) arid the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) are the most harmful rodents in forests, fields, orchards and gardens in Northern and Central Europe. Except for the latter they are all herbivorous, their food consisting to a very low degree of seeds and grain. As a consequence dry poison baits are not well accepted most of the year. The only economic and effective control method until now has been surface spraying with the chlorinated hydrocarbons endrin and toxaphene. As these chemicals are now black-listed …

Protecting Coniferous Seeds From Rodents, Andrew Radvanyi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

For almost a half century now repeated failures in direct seeding operations on cutover forest lands in North America had been largely blamed on the unproven destruction of the seed supply by small mammals. In 1960, the Canadian Wildlife Service undertook a research project to ascertain the possible fate of white spruce seeds placed into the natural environment and the influence which small mammal populations may have upon such a seed supply. By equipping each seed with a microscopic radio-transmitter (radio isotopes), the seeds could be left in the field for up to one year and then recovered intact or …

Methodology For Measuring Taste And Odor Preference Of Rodents, R. D. Thompson, S. A. Shumake, R. W. Bullard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

Taste enhancers and olfactory attractants are needed to improve bait acceptance for rodent control, but most methods for evaluating preference for taste and odor stimuli are not suitable for screening large numbers of such compounds. This paper describes two automated preference testers designed for this purpose. The taste preference apparatus is based on the principle of the brief-exposure, foods-together technique, whereby the animal briefly samples each food alone, in alternate sequence, before the two foods are presented together, in alternate positions. The odor preference tester is based on an open-field maze, whereby the test animal samples each of four odor …

The Strategy For Controlling Rodent Damage To Pines In The Canadian Mid-West, C. H. Buckner

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

The transitional zone between prairie and boreal forest in Manitoba and Saskatchewan is more suited to the needs of forestry than to agriculture. Tree production is difficult in this zone for a number of reasons, one of which is the depredations of small mammals, especially the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord.). Vole populations peak every 3 to 5 years and on the average irruptions of serious importance occur about every 10 years. Populations in the transitional zone are generally higher than those in the treed areas of adjacent zones: areas of extreme populations coincide with areas of greatest forestry concern. …

Barrier Fencing In Wildlife Management, William D. Fitzwater

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

Barrier fences have been used to control animal and human depredations since ancient times. They have exerted considerable influence upon the culture of the "protected" areas even though protection was rarely complete. The following materials have been used in construction of fences: earth, vegetative materials, wire, electric shock, and synthetic materials. Fence designs must consider the size, strength, intelligence and/or instinct, and physical agility of the species to be repelled as well as the attraction of the crop or area for potential depredators. Against deer, the 8-foot upright, vertical overhanging, outrigger and sloping fences are more successful than electric fences. …

A Preference-Testing System For Evaluating Repellents For Black-Tailed Deer, Dan L. Campbell, Roger W. Bullard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

In a program to evaluate repellents for protecting Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings from browsing by black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), a preference-testing system was developed to supplement preliminary pen tests. The system uses an apparatus that presents individual test deer with a choice between two foods (usually feed pellets treated with a candidate repellent or a marginally palatable standard). The two foods are presented, in alternating positions, only long enough for the deer to make a choice; results are recorded in terms of percent choices made for the candidate repellents, or percent consumption. Tests thus far with a number of candidate …

Good Practice Statements−Developing Guidelines For The Safe And Efficient Use Of Pesticides, Harold S. Stein Jr.

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

Because pest control, vertebrate and invertebrate, is an applied science, a disciplined technology is mandatory. The National Pest Control Association, through its technical committees, is developing guidelines for the safe and efficient use of pesticides and for the execution of specific forms of pest control. These guidelines known as "Good Practice Statements" not only reveal a methodology utilizing the cooperative efforts and experiences of commercial pest control operators, representatives of the scientific community, and specialists from pertinent governmental regulatory agencies, but in them-selves as physical documents add to the total expertise of everyone connected with the problems and responsibilities of …

Related Laws On Exotic And Native Wild Animals, Donald F. Stork

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

This paper is submitted in an effort to acquaint the personnel of allied State agencies with related laws which control the public and private possession of live exotic and native wild animals. The need for this common knowledge of related laws by agencies with law enforcement responsibility is readily apparent when the annual number and related problems from imported or resident wild animals in California are examined. In addition to resident wild animal populations, millions of fish and thousands of mammals, birds, and reptiles enter California each year through the utilization of most methods of transportation. Most of these imported …

The Oregon Ground Squirrel In Northeastern California; Its Adaptation To A Changing Agricultural Environment, Loring White

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

As early as 1918, populations of the Oregon ground squirrel [Citellus oregonus (Merriam)] were reported to be increasing in northeastern California, presumably because of “the extensive clearing of the sagebrush and seeding of these clearings to grain and hay." Populations of this locally important field rodent have continued to increase since that time with the further development of agriculture. Observations of the author during the past quarter of a century indicate that ground squirrels in the most intensively farmed areas are changing their habits; and may be evolving into an ecotype markedly dissimilar to that which existed in the pristine …

Zinc Phosphide−A New Look At An Old Rodenticide For Field Rodents, Glenn A. Hood

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

Of the many toxicants tested to control field rodents, compound 1080 (sodium monof1uoroacetate), strychnine alkaloid, and zinc phosphide are the only effective single-dose rodenticides currently available. Considering the federal requirements for use in food and feed crops, zinc phosphide is the toxicant most likely to be registered for field rodent control. It is generally well accepted by rodents, is relatively safe for nontarget species, and does not seriously contaminate the environment. It is already registered, with an established tolerance, for use in one food crop (Hawaiian sugarcane). The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife is conducting research, some in cooperation …

Experimental Population Suppression Of Richardson's Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Richardsonii) In Alberta, Dale E. Alsager, Robert Yaremko

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

Richardson's Ground Squirrel is one of the most economically harmful rodents in east central Alberta. In an effort to develop an effective, safe, economical and practical method of long-term population control over large areas, experimental field testing was begun in 1970 to evaluate a variety of potential control techniques. Although tests with a machine bait applicator proved unsuccessful due to the unique soil structure, its potential in other areas of the province is discussed. Use of portable baiting stations is limited by the manufacturing and maintenance costs as well as the limited attractabi1ity of the stations. Attractabi1ity of the stations …

Vertebrate Pests In New Zealand; Research And Control, J. Andrew Peters

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

New Zealand has been considered a classic among the world's natural laboratories where free-roaming wild mammals demand, and obtain, a rather overwhelming national attention. The enormous devastation by erosion processes is the consequence of intentionally introducing exotic species of mammals, for food, for sport and for fur. By its isolation in the Pacific, the flora of New Zealand evolved in the absence of a grazing and browsing fauna. There were no native mammals, save for the seals and two species of bats. The land has been the home of a most diverse fauna of flightless birds -kiwis, the giant moa, …

The Extension Trapper System In Kansas, F. Robert Henderson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 5th (1972)

Kansas is unique because it is the only state that has an organized state-wide program that is administered through the State Cooperative Extension Service and where that program is the only form of a governmental predator program in the state. Missouri and the eastern part of South Dakota have Extension Trapper Systems administered through the state wildlife conservation departments. These states also pay bounties on predatory animals. Kansas does not. To fully appreciate the Kansas system, it is important to understand the agency that administers the program. Let us briefly review the Cooperative Extension Service, Created by the Smith-Lever Act …