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Articles 3961 - 3990 of 4194

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Rainbow Trout Cage Culture And Benthic Production In East-Central South Dakota Dugouts, Glenn David Schuler Jan 1984

Rainbow Trout Cage Culture And Benthic Production In East-Central South Dakota Dugouts, Glenn David Schuler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Forty-five cages, encompassing 1.0 m3 of water, distributed between three dugout ponds, were stocked with rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fingerlings to determine the feasibility of raising annual fish crops. Growth rates were compared between feeding rate (0, 3, and 5% body weight/day [bwt/day]) and stocking rate (35, 52, and 70 fish/cage). Growth was significantly (P ≤0.05) greater at feeding rates of 3 and 5% bwt/day than 0% bwt/day. The fish fed 0% bwt/day decreased in mean weight by 0.7 g; the weight gain for the 3 and 5% bwt/day feeding rates were 47.2 and 45.2g, respectively. Significant differences (P ≤ …

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Use Of Eastern South Dakota Shelterbelts By Nesting Birds Of Prey, Scott E. Norelius Jan 1984

Use Of Eastern South Dakota Shelterbelts By Nesting Birds Of Prey, Scott E. Norelius

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study was conducted in 1979 and 1980 to determine abundance, productivity, food habits, and ranges of raptors utilizing shelterbelts were in a 78 km² Brookings County study area. The shelterbelts were heterogeneous stands of trees and shrubsplanted in linear rows. Major tree species included elm (Ulmus spp.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), cottonwood (Populus deltoids), Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), and eastern red cedar (Juniperus scopulorum). Major shrub species included honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica) and lilac (Syringa vulgaris). Ninety-eight raptors were observed on the study area over the 2 breeding seasons investigated (1979-1980). Species observed were the American kestrel (Falco sparverius), Swainson’s …

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Small Mammals In Prairie Wetlands: Habitat Use And The Effects Of Wetland Modifications, Grey W. Pendleton Jan 1984

Small Mammals In Prairie Wetlands: Habitat Use And The Effects Of Wetland Modifications, Grey W. Pendleton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Although well documented for other habitat types, small mammal habitat use patterns in prairie wetlands are poorly understood. The distribution of the mammal fauna of South Dakota is also not well known. Because of the lack of information in these areas, evaluation of the impacts of wetland modifications on the resident mammal community is not possible. The objectives of this study were (1) to document the species composition and abundance of small mammal communities inhabiting prairie wetland basins, (2) to determine the effects of small scale habitat modification on small mammals, (3) and to explain local species distribution patterns using …

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Food Selectivity Of Bluegill And Green Sunfish Fry, Aaron Barkoh Jan 1984

Food Selectivity Of Bluegill And Green Sunfish Fry, Aaron Barkoh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Four genera of zooplankton and cladoceran egg cases, collected from a municipal sewage lagoon, were made available as food to green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) fry, to examine their food selectivity. Green sunfish and bluegill fry ranged in size from 8.5-11.0 mm and 8.0-10.5 mm at stocking and were reared for 31 and 30 days, respectively. The gut contents of 1488 green sunfish and 1440 bluegill fry, representing day and night samples were examined. Diet composition was evaluated using the linear food selection index. Both green sunfish and bluegill fry selected for Cvclops vernalis and consistently selected …

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Abundance, Biomass, And Diversity Of Aquatic Invertebrates In Level Ditches And Adjacent Natural Emergent Marsh In An Eastern South Dakota Wetland, Michael R. Broschart Jan 1984

Abundance, Biomass, And Diversity Of Aquatic Invertebrates In Level Ditches And Adjacent Natural Emergent Marsh In An Eastern South Dakota Wetland, Michael R. Broschart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The aquatic invertebrate communities of level ditches and adjacent natural emergent marsh in a South Dakota prairie wetland were sampled during the summer of 1982. Collections were made in both the water column and the bottom substrates. Forty-five taxa were collected. Analysis of variance indicated that a significantly greater mean number of taxa and a larger mean number of all macroinvertebrates were present in level ditches than in the natural emergent marsh. No differences were detected for mean biomass of all macroinvertebrate taxa collectively. Several taxa had a greater mean number and biomass in the level ditches than in the …

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Factors Affecting Water Quality And Microinvertebrate Distribution Within A Small Black Hills Stream, Henry G. Drewes Jan 1984

Factors Affecting Water Quality And Microinvertebrate Distribution Within A Small Black Hills Stream, Henry G. Drewes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A comparative evaluation of the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna was conducted concurrently with a physiochemical investigation on Slate Creek, Pennington County, South Dakota in the Black Hills. Water quality differences between years and among stations were detected in Slate Creek from both physiochemical and macroinvertebrate evaluations. The primary sources of disturbance to the Slate Creek study site during the sampling period were landscaping activities within the Deerfield Park Resort development and livestock activity. Increased runoff and elevated stream flows in 1982 were responsible for the variation in water quality between years. Water quality differences among stations indicated significantly (P < 0.05) higher turbidity and temperature immediately below the development site in 1981 and 1982. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher fecal coliform bacteria counts were observed at station 5 for both years, resulting from increased livestock activity. Phosphates and nitrates were highest at stations 4 and 5 but were not significantly (P > 0.05) different …

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Intensive Culture Of Largemouth Bass And Walleye Fry In Experimental Systems, Gerald A. Wickstrom Jan 1984

Intensive Culture Of Largemouth Bass And Walleye Fry In Experimental Systems, Gerald A. Wickstrom

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Six genera of invertebrates were made available to largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fry for 25 days. Brachionus spp. was selected for during both day and night (1100 and 2300 h) for the first seven days. Cyclops vemalis was selected on days 1 - 14; it was selected for more during the day for days 1 - 7. Daphnia pulex and D. magna were selected for during days 15 - 25. As the fry grew during the study they ate significantly (P < 0.05) larger D. pulex and D. magna. Moina brachiata was not selected for; it was eaten throughout the study in approximately the same proportion as available. Diaptomus spp. And Ceanestheriella setosa were not eaten. The fry increased in mean length from 6.5 mm on day 1 to 29.8 mm on day 25 of the study. Mean daily length increase was 0.93 mm. Newly hatched walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) fry were intensively cultured on a diet of live zooplankton under three conditions for 48 days. The fry were reared in tanks under constant illumination (375 lux), in tanks under reduced illumination (105 lux), and in tanks which contained visual interceptors (400 lux). Mean survival of walleyes was 14.0% in tanks under constant illumination, 11.6% in tanks under reduced illumination, and 4.7% in tanks which contained visual interceptors. Mean unaccountable mortality of walleyes was 21.8% in constant illumination tanks, 35.7% in reduced illumination tanks, and 27.4% in tanks with visual interceptors. The fry increased in mean length from 8.6 mm at the start of the study to 36.3 mm (0.76 mm/day) in constant illumination tanks, 36.6 mm (0.76 mm/day) in reduced illumination tanks, and 33.7 mm (0.70 mm/day) in tanks with visual interceptors after 48 days of intensive culture.

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Brood-Rearing Period Cover Use By Wild Turkey Hens In Southcentral South Dakota, Kevin Francis Mccabe Jan 1984

Brood-Rearing Period Cover Use By Wild Turkey Hens In Southcentral South Dakota, Kevin Francis Mccabe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Brood-rearing period cover use by wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) hens with broods and those without, in Gregory County, South Dakota, was determined in order to formulate management suggestions for grassland/riparian woodland habitat. Two hens with broods and 12 hens without broods were studies through telemetry and direct observations form 5 July through 2 August and 3 August through 17 August of 1982 and 1982. Vegetational data were collected in 1983. Hens with broods selected for the grass/forb-dominated understory and 52% open canopy of south-facing savannah woodlands while their broods were less than 4 weeks of age. After 4 weeks, broods …

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Angler Harvest Survey Of Lake Francis Case, South Dakota, Lawrence M. Miller Jan 1984

Angler Harvest Survey Of Lake Francis Case, South Dakota, Lawrence M. Miller

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

An angler harvest survey, consisting of two independent surveys, was conducted on Lake Francis Case, South Dakota, from May through October 1981, and April through October 1982. An aerial angler count was used to estimate angle pressure, and an angler interview survey was used to estimate catch rate. In 1981, a section of Lake Francis Case in the vicinity of the Gregory County Pump Storage Project (Zone 2) was surveyed. IN 1982, the survey was expanded to include the entire reservoir (additional Zones 1 and 3). Estimated fishing pressure for Zone 2 in 1981 was 188,631 angler-hours and in 1982 …

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Dispersal And Harvest Of Sage Grouse Utilizing The Test Reactor Area Of The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Howard W. Browers, Jr. Jan 1983

Dispersal And Harvest Of Sage Grouse Utilizing The Test Reactor Area Of The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Howard W. Browers, Jr.

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A radio telemetry study of sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) summering at the Test Reactor Area (TRA) on the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) in southeastern Idaho was initiated in July 1980. Objectives included determination of habitat use, home range, brood breakup, fall movements, and harvest of sage grouse using the TRA. Supplemental habitat data and fall movement data were collected from sage grouse summering at the Central Facilities Area (CFA) on the INEL in 1982. Seasonal precipitation appeared to influence the period of use of the TRA by sage grouse. Grouse arrived later and left earlier in the wet year …

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Birds On Modified Wetlands In Eastern South Dakota, E. Nell Brady Jan 1983

Birds On Modified Wetlands In Eastern South Dakota, E. Nell Brady

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

To examine the role of bird species (other than Anatidae) in the prairie wetlands ecosystem. Seven wetlands on Waterfowl Production Areas in eastern South Dakota were utilized to measure differences between bird communities in plots with dug brood complexes and non-modified plots. Thirty-eight species of wetland birds were recorded on wetlands during June 1981 and June 1982. The most abundant species included the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), marsh wren (Cistothorus palustris), and song sparrow (Melospiza melodia). Analysis of variance was used to test between treatment (modified and natural plots on the wetlands) differences for the dependent variables: density, bird species …

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Feeding Behavior, Food Consumption, Growth, And Survival Of Hybrid Grass Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis X Ctenopharyngodon Idella) In South Dakota, Marc C. Harberg Jan 1983

Feeding Behavior, Food Consumption, Growth, And Survival Of Hybrid Grass Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis X Ctenopharyngodon Idella) In South Dakota, Marc C. Harberg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Plant preference of yearling hybrids (Hypophthlmichthys nobilis X Ctenopharyngodon idella) was examined under control conditions at the Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery, Yankton, South Dakota and under field conditions in two stockwater impoundments in south-central South Dakota. IN feeding trials, conducted in a 0.07 ha hatchery pond, hybrid grass carp selected Najas guadalupensis, Chara sp. and Potamogeton pectinuatus. Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum were not consumed. Under field conditions N. guadalupensis also appeared to be preferred while C. demersum was not. Feeding behavior, daily consumption, growth, and survival were also evaluated in the two stockwater impoundments. Hybrids averaging 51g were …

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Characteristics And Success Of South Dakota Archery Deer Hunters, Kelly Brian Mcphillips Jan 1983

Characteristics And Success Of South Dakota Archery Deer Hunters, Kelly Brian Mcphillips

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two mail questionnaires were sent to South Dakota archery deer hunters after the 1981 archery deer season. One questionnaire was sent to a random sample of all bowhunters, and the second was sent to a sample of bowhunters failing to return the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks (SDGFP) mandatory big game hunter report card. Success rate of bowhunters killing deer and crippling rate of deer by bowhunters were determined. A profile of the average bowhunter was developed. The SDGFP bowhunter reporting system was evaluated. Success rates from the 2 questionnaires (29% and 19%) were significantly different from …

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The Phosphacylium Ion: Evidence For Its Existence As An Intermediate In Reactions Of Organophosphates, Thomas D. Matus Jan 1983

The Phosphacylium Ion: Evidence For Its Existence As An Intermediate In Reactions Of Organophosphates, Thomas D. Matus

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Prior to this work, no strong evidence existed which unequivocably proved the existence of phosphacylium ions as intermediates in reactions of this type. It is the object of this study to look into nucleophilic substitution at phosphorus, and the intermediates of these possible dissociative type reactions.

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Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) Cage Culture And Primary Production In Eastern South Dakota Dugout Ponds, Michael John Roell Jan 1983

Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) Cage Culture And Primary Production In Eastern South Dakota Dugout Ponds, Michael John Roell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) reared in 1 m³ cages in a South Dakota dugout pond grew and survived as well or better than most cage-cultured rainbow trout reported in the literature. Significant differences (P≤0.01) in mean length, weight, and food conversion, and similarity in relative weight between trout fed 2 and 4% of body weight daily, indicated that the optimum feeding rate was near 3% for this size range (35=100g). Daily rations based on fish size and water temperature need to be developed for trout reared in a lentic environment. The high cost of fingerlings was the limiting factor in …

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Waterfowl Pair And Brood Use Of Dug Brood Complexes In East-Central South Dakota, Beth A. Giron Pendleton Jan 1983

Waterfowl Pair And Brood Use Of Dug Brood Complexes In East-Central South Dakota, Beth A. Giron Pendleton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Modification of wetlands has been a frequently employed management technique to enhance habitat for waterfowl and other wetland wildlife. One type of excavation in wetland basins is the dug brood complex; an interconnected system of pond units, channels, and islands, primarily created to provide waterfowl brood rearing habitat during drought. In 1981-82, a study was conducted to evaluate waterfowl pair and brood use of 8 pairs of Class IV wetlands in east-central South Dakota. Each pair consisted of a wetland with a dug brood complex (modified) and an unmodified basin of comparable basin size. Under drought conditions in 1981, both …

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Recreational Use Of Six Prairie Wetlands In Eastern South Dakota, Timothy Allen Thompson Jan 1983

Recreational Use Of Six Prairie Wetlands In Eastern South Dakota, Timothy Allen Thompson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A recreational use survey was conducted at 6 public wetlands in eastern South Dakota from August 9, 1981 through August 8, 1982. Four hundred and fifty-eight postcard questionnaires were placed on vehicles encountered at these marshes during random time periods. Two hundred and thirty-five were voluntarily returned for a response rate of 51.3%. Approximately 10, 020 people made 4,778 trips to these wetlands and spent 63, 093 man-hours. Thirty-one different activities were observed or reported. Hunting accounted for 96.0% of all fall trips and 89.1% of yearly visits. Over 89% of all visits occurred during fall and over 50% of …

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Distribution, Movement, And Temperature Selection Of Adult Walleye And Muskellunge In A Power Plant Cooling Reservoir, Jerry A. Younk Jan 1982

Distribution, Movement, And Temperature Selection Of Adult Walleye And Muskellunge In A Power Plant Cooling Reservoir, Jerry A. Younk

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Distribution and habitat selection of five adult walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and one adult muskellunge (Esox masquinongy), in a power plant cooling reservoir, were determined using temperature-sensitive ultrasonic transmitters, A total of 342 locations were obtained during the monitoring period (1 May-13 November 1981). Walleyes exhibited a seasonal distribution pattern; inhabiting the discharge area during the cooler months and the intake area during the warmer months, Summer-fall home ranges of three walleyes were estimated, Maximum home ranges (maximum area covered by an individual) were overlapping and similar in size, ranging from 36, 7-45, 9 ha, Estimates of utilized areas (intensively …

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Great Blue Heron Nesting Biology And Habitat Use On The James River In South Dakota, Eileen M. Dowd Jan 1982

Great Blue Heron Nesting Biology And Habitat Use On The James River In South Dakota, Eileen M. Dowd

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Breeding biology, nest site activities, and habitat use of great blue herons (Ardea herodias) nesting in the Glendale heronry, South Dakota, were investigated in 1980 and 1981. Mean brood size was 3.35 nestlings. The predicted number of feeding trips of adult birds peaked when nestlings were 29 days old. A significant amount of variance in adult feeding trips per hour was accounted for by southerly winds and the time period from 1800-2100 hours. The variables that were not significantly related to the number of feeding trips were temperature, wind speed, wind directions other than south, cloud cover, and the 4 …

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Food Habits And Placental Scar Counts Of Bobcats In South Dakota, David Eric Nomsen Jan 1982

Food Habits And Placental Scar Counts Of Bobcats In South Dakota, David Eric Nomsen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Bobcat (Lynx rufus) food habits and placental scar counts were investigated in western South Dakota during 1978-79 and 1979-80 trapping and hunting seasons. Food habits were recorded by frequency of occurrence and placental scar counts were used to determine litter size for South Dakota bobcats. Rabbits (Sylvilagus spp. and Lepus spp.), rats and mice (primarily Microtus spp. and Peromyscus spp.), and deer (Odocoileus spp.) were identified in 56, 32, and 7% of bobcat stomachs, respectively. Analysis showed that rabbits, rats and mice, and deer occurred in 58, 36, and 9% of bobcat intestines, respectively. Occurrences in rabbits decreased from 67% …

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Movements And Habitats Of Brood-Rearing Wood Ducks On A Prairie River, Randy L. Smith Jan 1982

Movements And Habitats Of Brood-Rearing Wood Ducks On A Prairie River, Randy L. Smith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Radio telemetry and brood surveys were used to evaluate wood duck (Aix sponsa) brood habitat and movements along 40 km of the Big Sioux River in eastern South Dakota during 1979-81. Most of the oxbows and nearby wetlands in the study area contained water in 1979-80, but drought dried all but 2 of the 33 oxbows in 1981. Fourteen brood hens were radio monitored. In 1980, 4 hens utilized oxbows, 1 hen utilized the river, and 2 hens used other habitats for brood rearing. In 1981, 4 hens utilized oxbows, 2 hens utilized the river, and 1 hen utilized the …

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Survival, Growth, Food Selection, And Alimentary Canal Development Of Intensively Reared Walleyes And Yellow Perch, Gregg Alan Raisanen Jan 1982

Survival, Growth, Food Selection, And Alimentary Canal Development Of Intensively Reared Walleyes And Yellow Perch, Gregg Alan Raisanen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Five genera of invertebrates, collected from a municipal sewage lagoon, were fed to newly hatched larval walleyes, (Stizostedion vitreun vitreun), and yellow perch, (Perca flavescens), to document survival, growth, food selection, and alimentary canal development of these fishes. Mean survival of walleyes for the 18 day period after hatching was 14.1%: mean unaccountable mortality was 43.5%. Forty-three percent of the walleyes remaining after 18 days survived an additional 32 days; mean unaccountable mortality was 33.8%. Mean daily length gain over the 50 day period was 0.8 mm/day. The cladoceran, Moina brachiate, was selected for by walleyes and yellow perch; the …

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Mammal Damage And Movements Of Deer Mice In South Dakota Shelterbelts, Thomas G. Barnes Jan 1982

Mammal Damage And Movements Of Deer Mice In South Dakota Shelterbelts, Thomas G. Barnes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A study was initiated to examine animal damage to new shelterbelts in Brookings County, South Dakota. Feeding preferences of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) prairie voles (Microtus ochragaster), and cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) was conducted on 5 woody species that colIIIllonly occur in South Dakota shelterbelts. Movementsof deer mice were studied in a mature shelterbelt using a smoked kymograph tracking technique. Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.), tatarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica L. ),, and common lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) were the most common tree species encountered in this study. Of the trees examined, 398 (8. 9%) sustained animal damage over the winter. …

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Growth, Food Habits, And The Relative Effectiveness Of Stocking Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) In South-Central South Dakota, Kenneth C. Clodfelter Jan 1982

Growth, Food Habits, And The Relative Effectiveness Of Stocking Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) In South-Central South Dakota, Kenneth C. Clodfelter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The effectiveness of stocking rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in 47 selected stock ponds in south-central South Dakota was analyzed in 1977 and 1978. Rainbow trout were captured in 31 (66.0%) ponds during the study. Twenty-five of the 31 ponds (80.6%) appeared to have excellent rainbow trout populations. Rainbow trout stocked in ponds with a resident largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) population had poor survival. The growth rates and condition factors for 93 and 463 rainbow trout in 1977 and 1978, respectively, were excellent. The average total length for age-groups I and II rainbow trout in 1977 was 195 and 224 mm, …

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Culture Of Channel Catfish In East-Central South Dakota Dugout Ponds, Martin Nicholas Dilauro Jan 1982

Culture Of Channel Catfish In East-Central South Dakota Dugout Ponds, Martin Nicholas Dilauro

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Twenty dugout ponds in east-central South Dakota were stocked 10 May 1980 with fingerling (mean weight 39.4 g, mean total length 108.4 mm) channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) at stocking rates of 309, 618, 1,235, and 1,853 fish/ha. Supplemental food was provided in 16 ponds (four at each stocking rate) at a rate of 4% body weight every other day. Fish in four ponds stocked, one at each of the respective stocking rates were not fed. Eleven of the 16 ponds which received feed were considered fit for analysis at the end of the study period, 27 September 1980. Two of …

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Rainbow Trout Production And Water Quality In Eastern South Dakota Dugouts, William Lee Vodehnal Jan 1982

Rainbow Trout Production And Water Quality In Eastern South Dakota Dugouts, William Lee Vodehnal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nine-hundred-fifty-four rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were stocked into 18 eastern South Dakota dugouts in April 1980 to determine the feasibility of dugouts for raising annual fish crops. Trout growth was compared between dugouts by stocking rate (1977/ha, 1483/ha, 988/ha, and 494/ha) and feeding combination [fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and supplemental feed, supplmental feed, and trout alone]. Chemical physical properties were also monitored in an old and new unstocked dugouts from July 1980 to July 1981. Growth was greater for 988/ha rainbow trout than the other stocking densities during the April 1980 to July 1980 sampling period. Mean total length increased …

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Evaluation Of A Power Plant Reservoir As A Holding Area For Paddlefish Brood Stock, Terry L. Margenau Jan 1982

Evaluation Of A Power Plant Reservoir As A Holding Area For Paddlefish Brood Stock, Terry L. Margenau

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Twenty paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) released into the Big Stone Power Plant boiler make-up reservoir were monitored to determine growth, condition, and food habits. In addition, fish and zooplankton populations were sampled and chemical and physical parameters measured to determine the potential of the reservoir as a holding area for paddlefish brood stock. Paddlefish captured during the first year after their release into the boiler make-up reservoir averaged 2.2 kg body weight increases and 59 mm eye-fork length increases. Condition factors of captured paddlefish also increased during this period from 1.26 to 1.49. Paddlefish food in the reservoir consisted almost entirely …

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Aquatic Plant Communities And Invertebrates In A Prairie Pothole During Duck Brood Rearing, Jeffrey W. Mccrady Jan 1982

Aquatic Plant Communities And Invertebrates In A Prairie Pothole During Duck Brood Rearing, Jeffrey W. Mccrady

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

More than 1,100 samples of aquatic plants and associated invertebrates were collected in a prairie wetland. Sampling was done weekly throughout the duck brood rearing season. Linear regression revealed a 4 to 100 ratio of animal to plant biomass (R²=0.488). Comparatively high degrees of association were found between Ceratophyllum demersum and Gastropoda and between Lemna minor and most zooplankton groups. Significant sources of variation in invertebrate biomass were plant communities, date, plants, and community by date interaction. Depth and communities were not significant.

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Composition, Biomass, And Protein Content Of A Lemna Trisulca L., Invertebrate Community In A Prairie Wetland, Linda J. Meyers Jan 1982

Composition, Biomass, And Protein Content Of A Lemna Trisulca L., Invertebrate Community In A Prairie Wetland, Linda J. Meyers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Samples of star duckweed (Lemna trisulca L.) were collected from a South Dakota prairie wetland during the summer 1981. Amphipods and gastropods were the dominant macroinvertebrates found within samples of duckweed in terms of biomass and density. Cladocera were the dominant microinvertebrates found in association with star duckweed. Significant variability was found in the biomass and densities of specific invertebrates with respect to sampling dates. Crude protein values of star duckweed-invertebrate community samples ranged from 7.6 to 18.5% and were found to correlate significantly with protein levels of the duckweed. Crude protein values for star duckweed ranged from 7.1 to …

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Initial Growth And Survival Of Bluegills And Black Bullheads Stocked With Largemouth Bass In South Dakota Ponds, James J. Shelley Jan 1981

Initial Growth And Survival Of Bluegills And Black Bullheads Stocked With Largemouth Bass In South Dakota Ponds, James J. Shelley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Initial growth and survival rates were estimated for bluegills (Leponis macrochirus) and black bullheads (Ictalurus melas) stocked simultaneously with largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in ponds throughout South Dakota. Mean first year survival for bluegills and black bullheads stocked in eastern South Dakota ponds was 28.6% and 67.7%, respectively. Differences in first year bluegill growth throughout the state were not detected. Total lengths for bluegills averaged 52.4 mm after one growing season statewide and 137.1 mm after two growing seasons in southeastern South Dakota ponds. Significant (P<.05) geographical differences in first year growth of black bullheads were detected with mean lengths ranging from 67.7 mm in northwest ponds to 115.5 mm in southeast ponds. The average total length for black bullheads after two growing season in southeastern South Dakota ponds was 215.2 mm. The combined effects of pH, turbidity, and bicarbonate alkalinity accounted for 67.5% of the variation in first year bluegill growth. The pond parameters total number of growing days, fish present prior to stocking, and pond surface area when combined accounted for 73.9% of the variation in first year black bullhead growth. Differences in bluegill relative weight values were not detected throughout South Dakota; the average for the state was 105.2. Mean black bullhead condition factors (K) for fish with total lengths between 128 and 191 mm were 1.85 and 1.45 for pre- and post-spawning periods, respectively. Bullheads probably spawned between 29 May and 26 June 1980.

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