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2011

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Articles 16741 - 16770 of 19543

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Examining Income Polarization Indices In The Context Of `World City Thesis': An Analysis Of Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas, Chawana Mwangeka Jan 2011

Examining Income Polarization Indices In The Context Of `World City Thesis': An Analysis Of Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas, Chawana Mwangeka

Public Affairs Dissertations

For more than three decades, the `global city thesis' or the `world city thesis' has attracted scholarly contributions from urban planners, geographers, sociologists and urban political economists interested in socioeconomic and spatial polarization in mega cities. Although with limited empirical evidence, these scholars in general are in agreement that globalization is an underlying factor of growing income inequalities and socio-spatial polarization found in these urban areas. On the other hand, the field of welfare economics has traditionally associated income inequalities with factors that have attracted an avalanche of literature since 1950s. In the face of growing income inequalities which some …

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The Emergence Of Women City Managers In Texas In The Late 20th Century And The Early 21st Century, Helen Kay Godbey Jan 2011

The Emergence Of Women City Managers In Texas In The Late 20th Century And The Early 21st Century, Helen Kay Godbey

Public Affairs Dissertations

The first generation of women city managers in the late 20th Century and early 21st Century have one thing in common: all were initially mentored and promoted by men. Like survivors of a Texas tornado that huddle in the closet and then peek out to see what is left of the world around them, these few women who became the first generation of assistant or city managers began to look around for other women who had also done so. Even though there were just a few, they began to mentor each other. I would propose that an enlightened public administration …

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Mitigating Climate Change At The Municipal Scale: American Urban Planning At A Crossroads, Kent L. Hurst Jan 2011

Mitigating Climate Change At The Municipal Scale: American Urban Planning At A Crossroads, Kent L. Hurst

Public Affairs Dissertations

The failure of international negotiations toward a successor agreement to the Kyoto Protocol to limit global greenhouse gas emissions has highlighted not only the problematic associated with a global agreement on such a scientifically and politically complex issue, but also the importance of sub-national action in lieu of such an agreement. This is especially true in the United States where any national climate protection framework seems unlikely in the foreseeable future. In the absence of any such policy leadership from Washington, it is increasingly falling to states, regional organizations, and municipalities to craft emissions reduction strategies that will contribute meaningfully …

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Closing The Gap In Higher Education: African American Male College Students Perceptions Of Advising At A Two Year College, Terry L. Aaron Jan 2011

Closing The Gap In Higher Education: African American Male College Students Perceptions Of Advising At A Two Year College, Terry L. Aaron

Public Affairs Dissertations

The attrition of minority students is fast becoming a salient issue in higher education. Academic advising has long been viewed as a determinant of participation, persistence and success. Persistence focuses on retention. Participation and success are two objectives of the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board's initiative "Closing the Gap." This study used quantitative and qualitative methods to examine African American male college students' (AAMCSs) perceptions of advising center practices, advisor practices and affinity factors and their influence on participation and persistence. Data collected from a sample of 225 AAMCSs was analyzed to determine if academic advising was indeed a tool …

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High School Influences On College Enrollment And College Graduation Of Dallas Independent School District 2002 Graduates, Linda K. Johnson Jan 2011

High School Influences On College Enrollment And College Graduation Of Dallas Independent School District 2002 Graduates, Linda K. Johnson

Public Affairs Dissertations

The overarching goal for American education under President Barack Obama has been to increase college enrollment and completion rates. The pressure to achieve this goal has been keenly felt in the postsecondary community, especially as federal and state funding have become increasingly tied to achieving higher college completion rates. Yet the adequate preparation of students lies primarily in the secondary system, and the literature contains many statistics that support the view that few students are adequately prepared, especially those who are educated in urban public school systems. The challenge was to determine actions that can be implemented by school districts …

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Law And Politics In Public-Private Partnerships: Transparency, Conflict Of Interest, And Renegotiation In Concession Arrangements, Samuel A. Roach Jan 2011

Law And Politics In Public-Private Partnerships: Transparency, Conflict Of Interest, And Renegotiation In Concession Arrangements, Samuel A. Roach

Public Affairs Dissertations

Many states and local governments have begun to use the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) vehicle as a policy tool in the area of highway transportation infrastructure development. A particular type of PPP, sometimes referred to as a "concession," can involve a state or local government's grant of concession rights, which typically includes the right to collect toll revenues on a roadway, to a private entity in exchange for the private entity's development and management of the roadway. As highway concession practice in the U.S. is a recent phenomenon, policymakers and other interested observers can benefit from a greater understanding of these …

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Socioeconomic Background And Parental Values: An Examination Of Approaches To Bureaucratic Discretion At The Street-Level, Jesse R. Booher Jan 2011

Socioeconomic Background And Parental Values: An Examination Of Approaches To Bureaucratic Discretion At The Street-Level, Jesse R. Booher

Public Affairs Theses

Scholarly literature on policy implementation at the street-level generally focuses on how workers act in response to external pressures. Pressures can include policy rules, organizational culture, and the identities of the clients. Academia has produced scant work, however, examining how the identities and backgrounds of street-level bureaucrats influence their approach to the discretion inherent in their jobs. This study seeks to fill that literary gap. Using semi-structured interviews with street-level bureaucrats in North Texas, the study yields two strong relationships. First, a relationship exists between the participants' socioeconomic backgrounds as children and how they approach discretion inherent to street-level bureaucracy. …

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Socioeconomic Background And Parental Values: An Examination Of Approaches To Bureaucratic Discretion At The Street-Level, Jesse R. Booher Jan 2011

Socioeconomic Background And Parental Values: An Examination Of Approaches To Bureaucratic Discretion At The Street-Level, Jesse R. Booher

Public Affairs Theses

Scholarly literature on policy implementation at the street-level generally focuses on how workers act in response to external pressures. Pressures can include policy rules, organizational culture, and the identities of the clients. Academia has produced scant work, however, examining how the identities and backgrounds of street-level bureaucrats influence their approach to the discretion inherent in their jobs. This study seeks to fill that literary gap. Using semi-structured interviews with street-level bureaucrats in North Texas, the study yields two strong relationships. First, a relationship exists between the participants' socioeconomic backgrounds as children and how they approach discretion inherent to street-level bureaucracy. …

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Cultural And Historic Preservation Planning In Small Cities And Suburbs: A Study Of A Cultural Asset Inventory Of Kennedale, Texas, Gregory S. Collins Jan 2011

Cultural And Historic Preservation Planning In Small Cities And Suburbs: A Study Of A Cultural Asset Inventory Of Kennedale, Texas, Gregory S. Collins

Public Affairs Theses

This thesis examines how smaller communities, which often lack the financial resources and the so-called "high culture" or marketable culture found in larger cities, can overcome challenges and develop cultural and historic preservation programs that perform the social function of unifying a community while also providing economic development opportunities that are connected to the community. The paper discusses "authenticity," and how this stated goal of city planners is actually a complex and contested concept rather than an objective standard that can be used to evaluate cultural planning programs. The paper reviews a number of cultural planning methods discussed in the …

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Data Sharing Between Transportation Planning And Public Health: Issues And Opportunities Using A Regional Eco-Logical Framework, Michele Berry Jan 2011

Data Sharing Between Transportation Planning And Public Health: Issues And Opportunities Using A Regional Eco-Logical Framework, Michele Berry

Public Affairs Theses

Transportation planning has been shown to strongly impact public health yet collaboration and data or information sharing between the two communities is lacking. The Eco-Logical approach is a potential solution designed to advance transportation planning through an integrated planning process that includes other stakeholders. However, since the Eco-Logical approach provides no guidance on forming collaborations, network theory will be used to fill this hole. Both the Eco-Logical approach and network theory place heavy emphasis on information sharing and data exchange. This study will examine the current status of data sharing between transportation planning and public health through an analysis of …

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Maternal Representations Of Attachment As Affected By Conditions Of Proximity And Separation, Karen V. Monaco Jan 2011

Maternal Representations Of Attachment As Affected By Conditions Of Proximity And Separation, Karen V. Monaco

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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(Wp 2011-02) The Change In Sraffa's Philosophical Thinking, John Davis Jan 2011

(Wp 2011-02) The Change In Sraffa's Philosophical Thinking, John Davis

Economics Working Papers

The availability of Piero Sraffa’s unpublished manuscripts and correspondence at Trinity College Library, Cambridge, has made it possible to begin to set out a more complete account of Sraffa’s philosophical thinking than previously could be done with only his published materials and the few comments and suggestions made by others about his ideas, especially in connection with their possible impact on Ludwig Wittgenstein’s later thinking. This makes a direct rather than indirect examination of Sraffa’s philosophical thinking possible, and also shifts the focus from his relationship to Wittgenstein to his own thinking per se. I suggest that the previous focus, …

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Mercy, Crime Control, And Moral Credibility, Paul H. Robinson Jan 2011

Mercy, Crime Control, And Moral Credibility, Paul H. Robinson

All Faculty Scholarship

If, in the criminal justice context, "mercy" is defined as forgoing punishment that is deserved, then much of what passes for mercy is not. Giving only minor punishment to a first-time youthful offender, for example, might be seen as an exercise of mercy but in fact may be simply the application of standard blameworthiness principles, under which the offender's lack of maturity may dramatically reduce his blameworthiness for even a serious offense. Desert is a nuanced and rich concept that takes account of a wide variety of factors. The more a writer misperceives desert as wooden and objective, the more …

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In The Wake Of Coast Federal: The Plain Meaning Rule And The Anglo American Rhetorical Ethic, Kemit A. Mawakana Jan 2011

In The Wake Of Coast Federal: The Plain Meaning Rule And The Anglo American Rhetorical Ethic, Kemit A. Mawakana

University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class

No abstract provided.

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Our Theories, Ourselves: Hierarchies Of Place And Status In U.S. Academia, Karen M. Morin, Tamar Rothenberg Jan 2011

Our Theories, Ourselves: Hierarchies Of Place And Status In U.S. Academia, Karen M. Morin, Tamar Rothenberg

Faculty Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Development Of A Web-Based Geographic Information System For Arctic Science, George Walker Johnson Jan 2011

Development Of A Web-Based Geographic Information System For Arctic Science, George Walker Johnson

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Environmental science is a large field of study that requires the acquisition of data for decision making in solving environmental issues. Leveraging desktop geographic information systems (GIS) and web-based GIS (WebGIS) systems for assisting in the problem solving processes can benefit both the research community and policy makers for decision making activities. Ensuring interoperability between desktop, web, and server GIS is essential for maximizing access, sharing and manipulation of data. Interoperability is maximized through the adoption of best practices, use of open standards, and utilization of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). While many of the interoperability challenges such as infrastructure, data …

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The Role Of Cross-Language Activation In Syntactic Ambiguity, Li-Hao Yeh Jan 2011

The Role Of Cross-Language Activation In Syntactic Ambiguity, Li-Hao Yeh

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

There is much evidence demonstrating that bilinguals activate lexical representations from both of their languages in a non-selective manner even in sentence context. Comparatively less research has examined the extent to which bilingual lexical representations interacts with syntactic processing in sentence context. The purpose of this study is to examine whether bilinguals' cross-language lexical activation could influence their resolution of syntactic ambiguity (e.g. relative clause attachment). Proper attachment of relative clauses (RC) to noun phrases is critical for accurate interpretation of syntactically ambiguous sentences. For instance, the sentence The robber shot the secretary of my husband who goes to work …

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Craving Effect Of Unintentional Smoking Cues In Antismoking Images In Light Smokers, Francisco Isaac Salgado-Garcia Jan 2011

Craving Effect Of Unintentional Smoking Cues In Antismoking Images In Light Smokers, Francisco Isaac Salgado-Garcia

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Tobacco use is considered the single most preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the nation. According to cue-reactivity models, environmental stimuli associated with smoking may elicit cravings in smokers. Antismoking advertisements, may also elicit cravings in smokers because of unintentional use of smoking cues, which may promote smoking maintenance and hinder quitting attempts. The purpose of this study is to assess if cue-reactivity elicits cravings in light and intermittent smokers and if impulsivity serves as a moderator. Data from 155 participants who reported smoking at least once in the past week to 10 cigarettes per day were collected. …

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Children's Reinforcement-Induced Suggestibility: Its Developmental Trajectory And Relation To Individual Differences, Elizabeth Rose Uhl Jan 2011

Children's Reinforcement-Induced Suggestibility: Its Developmental Trajectory And Relation To Individual Differences, Elizabeth Rose Uhl

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Research has shown that reinforcement by interviewers can lead children to make false allegations of wrong doing (e.g., Garven, Wood, & Malpass, 2000). The current study examined the developmental trajectory of reinforcement-induced suggestibility and its relation to individual differences among children. Forty-eight kindergarteners, 52 second graders, and 54 fourth graders viewed a science demonstration by a young man introduced as "Paco Perez." One week later they were interviewed about the visit with misleading questions that suggested Paco had engaged in wrongdoing. Half of the children were interviewed using reinforcement; the other half did not receive reinforcement. Two weeks after Paco's …

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Predictors Of Recidivism In A Predominantly Hispanic Sample Of First-Time Juvenile Offenders, Yvette Valenzuela Jan 2011

Predictors Of Recidivism In A Predominantly Hispanic Sample Of First-Time Juvenile Offenders, Yvette Valenzuela

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Prior studies have identified risk factors that predict recidivism among serious and chronic juvenile offenders. The current study was conducted to identify risk factors in a related but much larger group -- first time juvenile offenders. The aim was to develop a risk assessment tool that could identify (a) high-risk juveniles when they are first referred to the juvenile justice system, so that they can be targeted for intervention, and (b) low-risk juveniles who probably do not need intervention. Participants in the study were 321 first-time juvenile offenders at the El Paso Juvenile Probation Department (EPJPD). Eighty-nine percent of the …

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Bilingual Homonym Disambiguation At The Discourse Level, Yvette Aguilar Baca Jan 2011

Bilingual Homonym Disambiguation At The Discourse Level, Yvette Aguilar Baca

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of global context and local context on the time course of activation of cognate homonyms for bilingual readers. Of interest was whether meaning frequency, context, and cross-language activation modulated the time course of activation of the subordinate meaning of cognate homonyms. Also, whether the subordinate bias effect would be altered or even eliminated by the combined influence of such contextual factors and cross-language activation. Eye movements of Spanish-English bilinguals were measured using an eye-tracking device while they read English paragraphs. The paragraphs contained cognate homonyms (e.g. novel/novela), cognate non-homonyms (e.g. …

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Problematizing Executive Prerogative In Locke And Rousseau, Benjamin Joseph Gutierrez Jan 2011

Problematizing Executive Prerogative In Locke And Rousseau, Benjamin Joseph Gutierrez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The organization of this paper is composed of three main sections. The first section intensively analyzes the discourses of John Locke. Thoroughly combing through Locke's reasoning the concept six fundamental principles of executive prerogative are derived. This provides a basis for comparison and understanding.The second section investigates Jean-Jacques Rousseau's works as an alternative proposal to the static principles of Locke. In order to effectively gain insight on executive prerogative, the basis and purpose of proper governments must be thoroughly addressed. Through Rousseau's various works three tenets for proper governance are built. The factors that position Rousseau to advocate for executive …

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Positively Versus Negatively Charged Moral Emotion Expectancies In Adolescence: The Role Of Situational Context And The Developing Moral Self, Tobias Krettenauer, Megan Johnston Jan 2011

Positively Versus Negatively Charged Moral Emotion Expectancies In Adolescence: The Role Of Situational Context And The Developing Moral Self, Tobias Krettenauer, Megan Johnston

Psychology Faculty Publications

The study analyses adolescents' positively charged versus negatively charged moral emotion expectancies. Two hundred and five students (M = 14.83 years, SD = 2.21) participated in an interview depicting various situations in which a moral norm was either regarded or transgressed. Emotion expectancies were assessed for specific emotions (pride, guilt) as well as for overall strength and valence. In addition, self-importance of moral values was measured by a questionnaire. Results revealed that positively charged emotion expectancies were more pronounced in contexts of prosocial action than in the context of moral transgressions, whereas the opposite was true for negatively charged …

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Alcohol Production And Consumption Throughout U.S. History, And More Particularly In El Paso, Texas, As It Relates To Social Norms Theory, Jennifer Matthews Jan 2011

Alcohol Production And Consumption Throughout U.S. History, And More Particularly In El Paso, Texas, As It Relates To Social Norms Theory, Jennifer Matthews

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This thesis traces the history of alcohol production and consumption throughout U.S. history by following the course of the four major periods of relative equilibrium in social norms that the country has experienced. It uses this socio-historiography as a platform to understand how national trends in alcohol production and consumption were experienced along the border in El Paso, Texas, in a very unique fashion. The thesis aspires to augment El Paso's pride and sense of identity by building on knowledge of local history, customs, and norms.

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An Empirical Analysis Of Gasoline Demand In Mexico Using Cointegration Techniques, Mario Elizalde Jan 2011

An Empirical Analysis Of Gasoline Demand In Mexico Using Cointegration Techniques, Mario Elizalde

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Economic expansion in Mexico has caused fuel consumption in Mexico to increase. Because Mexico does not have sufficient refinery capacity, over 40 percent of total gasoline consumed is imported. This has implications for the balance of payments. In this paper, gasoline demand is empirically examined using co-integration and error correction approaches. Results show no evidence of long-run equilibrium in the Mexican gasoline market. This is potentially attributable to the regulatory regime that governs energy markets in Mexico. Regulated price adjustments that are not consistent with prevailing market conditions run the risk of misallocating resources. Permitting greater flexibility in private gasoline …

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Residential Electricity Demand In Seattle, David Alan Juarez Jan 2011

Residential Electricity Demand In Seattle, David Alan Juarez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This study examines residential electricity demand for the Seattle City Light (SCL) public utility market. SCL is interesting because all of its electricity is generated through hydro-electric facilities as well as its purchased power, mostly through contracts with the Bonneville Power Administration, resulting in below-average residential electricity prices. An error-correction model is estimated using annual time series data. Income, price, and climate data are used to identify both economic and seasonal effects. In addition, a customer equation is also estimated using the error-correction approach. The income-elasticity is negative indicating that electricity is an inferior good in this market. Out-of-sample forecasts …

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The Relationship Between Poverty And Crime: A Cross Section Analysis, Luke Fleming Jan 2011

The Relationship Between Poverty And Crime: A Cross Section Analysis, Luke Fleming

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper compares the crime rates, poverty rates, and other economic statistics to determine if there is a relationship amongst the variables. The highest crime rates per capita in the world exist in developing countries; these countries also have very high rates of poverty. Is it a coincidence, or is there actually some substance to these facts? Crime is a complicated issue, and other variables like education, healthcare, and housing have to be taken into consideration. The results indicate that there is a relationship between certain types of crime and poverty, and that income inequality is significant to all types …

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Gis Maps And The Amazon Borderlands, David S. Salisbury Jan 2011

Gis Maps And The Amazon Borderlands, David S. Salisbury

Geography and the Environment Faculty Publications

With training, GIS can be used by all sectors of Latin American society and is the mapping tool of choice for institutions ranging from the Inter-American Development Bank to remote communities in the Amazon rain forest. Geographic information systems are thus a tool of the powerful and the marginalized and the official and the unofficial. [...] In this chapter, we see how GIS maps can improve our ability to analyze conflict over resources and allow additional participation in the process of mapping, but we also confront some of the many political and technical challenges that must be overcome to construct …

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Self-Perceived Attractiveness And Its Influence On The Halo Effect And The Similar-To Me Effect, Lauren Cotter Jan 2011

Self-Perceived Attractiveness And Its Influence On The Halo Effect And The Similar-To Me Effect, Lauren Cotter

Honors Theses

The present research examined the influences of the halo effect and the similar-tome effect on physical and sexual attractiveness for hiring decisions. It was hypothesized that the halo effect would cause applicants rated highly in physical and sexual attractiveness to receive higher ratings of hireability than unattractive applicants.However, if the similar-to-me effect is influential for levels of attractiveness in hiring situations, participants who rated themselves as less attractive should favor unattractive applicants. The results did not show an interaction between participant self-ratings and ratings of hireability, indicating the similar-to-me effect does not apply to physical or sexual attractiveness. There was …

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Capacidades En La Institucionalidad Cultural Municipal, John Alexander Vergel Ropero Jan 2011

Capacidades En La Institucionalidad Cultural Municipal, John Alexander Vergel Ropero

Maestría en Estudios y Gestión del Desarrollo – MEGD

El desarrollo se construye desde lo local, partiendo de las particularidades específicas que existen en el territorio, por ende las políticas culturales requieren de instituciones municipales fortalecidas en sus programas, capacidades de gobierno y gobernabilidad del sistema. En Colombia existen diversidad de modelos institucionales para la cultura; Municipios como Mitú, Puerto Carreño, Puerto Nariño, Sopó y Zipaquirá, son ejemplos. Pese a sus marcadas diferencias contextuales coinciden en las líneas y servicios culturales básicos; siendo la conformación de un equipo de trabajo específico para cultura, la baja movilidad del talento humano, la institucionalización de servicios y programas, la participación ciudadana y …

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