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Articles 17671 - 17700 of 713420

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

What Works? What Doesn't Work? What Action Can We Take?, Jennifer Hughes, Michelle Lewis Aug 2023

What Works? What Doesn't Work? What Action Can We Take?, Jennifer Hughes, Michelle Lewis

South Carolina Libraries

This session demonstrated an effective and engaging exercise that empowers library staff to take action! Participants learned how to lead library strategic planning processes, change implementation, and assessment activities in a welcoming, non-intimidating manner that fosters an environment of ongoing collaboration, solutions-based results, reflection, and improvement.


Archival Research In The Time Of Coronavirus, Kelly K. Hudson, Heather Gilbert Aug 2023

Archival Research In The Time Of Coronavirus, Kelly K. Hudson, Heather Gilbert

South Carolina Libraries

Two Special Collections directors explore the challenges and strategies of delivering archival services during a global pandemic at their respective academic repositories: Special Collections at the College of Charleston and the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas.


Goofus And Gallant’S Guide To Textbook Cataloging, Scott M. Dutkiewicz, Tomeka Jackson Aug 2023

Goofus And Gallant’S Guide To Textbook Cataloging, Scott M. Dutkiewicz, Tomeka Jackson

South Carolina Libraries

This article presents an overview of the 2022 SCLA presentation "Goofus and Gallant's Guide to Textbook Cataloging," presented by Scott Dutkiewicz. This presentation was inspired by the Highlights for Children comic strip “Goofus and Gallant. The reader will learn about five common cataloging mistakes associated with textbooks. Areas discussed are call numbers and classification, editions, pagination, subject and genre access, and indication of audience.


Letter From The Co-Editors, April P. Akins, Megan Palmer Aug 2023

Letter From The Co-Editors, April P. Akins, Megan Palmer

South Carolina Libraries

No abstract provided.


The Role Of Librarians In Curbing Monkey Pox In Nigeria, Helen Famaren Tor-Akwer Cln, Dominic Aondohemba Ihongo Cln, Gabriel Iortyom Ajav Cln Aug 2023

The Role Of Librarians In Curbing Monkey Pox In Nigeria, Helen Famaren Tor-Akwer Cln, Dominic Aondohemba Ihongo Cln, Gabriel Iortyom Ajav Cln

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The paper focuses on Influence of Librarians on curbing Monkey pox in Nigeria, it examines the concept of monkey pox and a brief history of it and how it got into Nigeria. Signs and symptom of monkey pox were also discussed as well as the mode of transmission which basically is through animals and from an infected person to the other. The paper further shows discussed the influence of librarians in curbing monkey pox in Nigeria. Four research objectives and four research questions were formulated for the study. Random sampling technique will be used to draw 250 health draws from …


Infopreneurship Awareness And Opportunities Among Library And Information Science Students In Prince Abubakar Audu University Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria., Emmanuel Adeniyi Oloniruha, Khalimat Oyiza Momohjimoh, Monica Orahachi Ohiani, Helen Remilekun Oluleye Aug 2023

Infopreneurship Awareness And Opportunities Among Library And Information Science Students In Prince Abubakar Audu University Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria., Emmanuel Adeniyi Oloniruha, Khalimat Oyiza Momohjimoh, Monica Orahachi Ohiani, Helen Remilekun Oluleye

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The high rate of unemployment among university graduates in Library and Information Science (LIS) is alarming. This paper investigates the level of awareness of infopreneurship studies among LIS undergraduate students of Prince Abubakar Audu University Anyigba, Kogi State. The study is a survey design. The population of the study comprises of 460 students from year 1 to year 4. Krejcie and Morgan Table was used to determine a sample size of 159 students and simple random sampling technique was used to select students from the Department of Library and Information Science. Questionnaire was used as instrument of data collection. 159 …


The Impact Of Industrial Action On Academic Libraries In Nigerian Universities: An Overview, Helen Famaren Tor-Akwer Cln, Gabriel Iortyom Ajav Cln, Dominic Aondohemba Ihongo Cln Aug 2023

The Impact Of Industrial Action On Academic Libraries In Nigerian Universities: An Overview, Helen Famaren Tor-Akwer Cln, Gabriel Iortyom Ajav Cln, Dominic Aondohemba Ihongo Cln

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper studied the impact of industrial action on academic libraries in Nigerian Universities. The study adopted descriptive survey design with one research question and one hypothesis was formulated. The population of the study comprised of entire students and staff (academic and non-academic) of Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi and Benue State University formed the population of the study these give a total figure of 59,039. . Sample size and sampling Technique Out of a population figure of 59,039, a sample size of 810 was chosen using Taro Yamen technique. Method of data collection was Questionnaire, oral interview and participant …


Alliances In The Third Millennium System And Their Impact On Multipolarity, Basma Tom, Mohammad Katatsheh Aug 2023

Alliances In The Third Millennium System And Their Impact On Multipolarity, Basma Tom, Mohammad Katatsheh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

By using the hypothesis “There is an associative relationship between the alliances being formed between the rising powers in the third millennium system and that system’s transformation from unipolarity to multipolarity as a baseline, this paper aims to investigate and explore the key alliances between rising powers in the third millennium system, as well as the impact of these alliances on the shift from unipolarity to multipolarity. Both the descriptive analytical method and a systems analysis approach were employed to research this thesis.

This study concludes that these rising powers (while rejecting American hegemony, notably) tend to lean toward establishing …


The Impact Of The Red Card On The Psychological Aspects Of Football Players In The 2020 Pro League, Musa Ahmed, Mohammed Al-Qatami, Ghazi Al-Kilani Aug 2023

The Impact Of The Red Card On The Psychological Aspects Of Football Players In The 2020 Pro League, Musa Ahmed, Mohammed Al-Qatami, Ghazi Al-Kilani

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the effect of the red card on some psychological aspects of football players in the professional league for the year (2020) according to the variables (number of years of playing in the professional league، and age) ، and the researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the subject of the study and the study sample consisted of (97) A player registered with the Jordan Football Association.

The results of the study indicated that there is a difference between the averages of the effect of the red card on the psychological aspects of the players of …


Jerusalem: One City And Three Religions (Karen Armstrong), Shaden Al-Wahsh Aug 2023

Jerusalem: One City And Three Religions (Karen Armstrong), Shaden Al-Wahsh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

The religious knowledge may have a greater value than some another knowledge. Karen Armstrong- the researcher- did her best in collecting the information of her book which was translated into Arabic language from Jewish, Christian and Islamic resources. She presented her point of view using a very rich language of terms in addition to her comprehensive vision and subjectivity. Her book concerns with the holy geography which is related to the symbols that give the places a great value. According to her book, the holy feeling precedes the places and temples. After a great effort, Karen tried to find a …


The Impact Of Internal Legislative Determinants On The Participation Of Parties In The Jordanian Political System (1946-2020): A Comparative Political Historical Study, Bashar Al-Tarawneh Aug 2023

The Impact Of Internal Legislative Determinants On The Participation Of Parties In The Jordanian Political System (1946-2020): A Comparative Political Historical Study, Bashar Al-Tarawneh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the internal (legislative) determinants in the Jordanian political system affecting the participation of parties during the period (1946-2020), The study used three methods as a method of study, namely: first, the historical method, second, the descriptive and analytical approach, and third, the comparative approach, The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: The internal (legislative) determinants greatly affected the participation of parties in the Jordanian political system. So that each determinant differed from the other determinant in the degree of influence, The study also made a number of recommendations, namely: …


Sports Tourism Management In Jordan From Tourist Guides Perspective, Loai Al-Shawabkeh Aug 2023

Sports Tourism Management In Jordan From Tourist Guides Perspective, Loai Al-Shawabkeh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aims to identify the Sports Tourism Management in Jordan from Tourist Guides Perspective, the researcher used the descriptive method on a random sample of (285) tourist guides registered in the Tourist Guide Association in Jordan, the questionnaire; it consisted of (36) paragraph with (4) fields (Planning, Organizing, Directing, Controlling), developed by the researcher to collect the data for this study.

The Findings indicate that the tourist guides perspective of sports tourism management in Jordan is medium, also the interest in the available capabilities while planning for sports tourism, the availability of accommodation with affordable rates to serve the …


Content Analysis Of Social Media For Some Sports Institutions From The Perspective Of The Sport Community, Yaqoub Al-Qahwaji, Khaled Atiyat, Areen Al-Moghrabi Aug 2023

Content Analysis Of Social Media For Some Sports Institutions From The Perspective Of The Sport Community, Yaqoub Al-Qahwaji, Khaled Atiyat, Areen Al-Moghrabi

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to analyze the content of social media in some sports institutions from the point of view of the sports community. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach to match it with the objectives of the study. A questionnaire was designed as a study tool to collect data. The study sample consisted of (315) members of the sports community in Jordan and used a package (SPSS) for statistical analysis of results, and the most prominent results of the study were as follows:

It was found that the sports community relies heavily on social media as a source for …


The Level Of Nutritional Behavior And Its Relationship To Physical Condition And Crawl Swimming Achievement Among Students At The Sports Sciences School At The University Of Jordan, Mohammad Abu Al-Taieb, Hussam Barakat, Sameh Abu Farha, Islam Al-Daraghmah, Hala Alwahibi Aug 2023

The Level Of Nutritional Behavior And Its Relationship To Physical Condition And Crawl Swimming Achievement Among Students At The Sports Sciences School At The University Of Jordan, Mohammad Abu Al-Taieb, Hussam Barakat, Sameh Abu Farha, Islam Al-Daraghmah, Hala Alwahibi

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the relationship between the level of nutritional behavior and crawl swimming achievement among students at the Sports Sciences School at the University of Jordan, the descriptive approach was used, and the study sample consisted of (15) students of a swimming level (2) course at the Sports Sciences School at the University of Jordan. To collect data, a nutritional behavior questionnaire consisting of (3) dimension was used: (food behavior management, food quantity, and food quality) and (40) paragraph, and a physical condition test consisting of (5) dimensions, namely: (muscle strength, endurance, speed, Flexibility, and agility), a …


The Impact Of The Level Of Political Stability On Sustainable Development A Case Study Of The Countries Of The Arab Spring Revolutions (2006-2018), Ramzy Radaideh Aug 2023

The Impact Of The Level Of Political Stability On Sustainable Development A Case Study Of The Countries Of The Arab Spring Revolutions (2006-2018), Ramzy Radaideh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aims to identify the impact of the level of political stability on sustainable development in the countries of the Arab Spring revolutions during the period (2006-2018 AD), The study assumes that there is a positive relationship between political stability as an independent variable and sustainable development as a dependent variable. The study uses a systems analysis approach and the descriptive and analytical and the Statistical approach. The study concluded to prove the hypothesis that there is a statistically significant correlation between the level of political stability and indicators of sustainable development in the countries of the Arab Spring …


Mindfulness Level Among Students Of Individual And Collective Games Course At The Faculty Of Sports Science At The University Of Jordan, Musa Ahmad, Ghazi El-Kailani, Salem Al-Qarra, Jad Mazahereh Aug 2023

Mindfulness Level Among Students Of Individual And Collective Games Course At The Faculty Of Sports Science At The University Of Jordan, Musa Ahmad, Ghazi El-Kailani, Salem Al-Qarra, Jad Mazahereh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

The current research aims to identify the level Mindfulness among students of individual and collective games course at the Faculty of Sports Science at the University of Jordan and the relationship of Mindfulness to Academic achievement.

The Researchers used the descriptive method because it suits the objectives and questions of the study, the sample number is 185 female and male registered students at the first semester 2020/2021, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) Arabic version used to assess mindfulness (FFMQ).

The results of the study showed that the level of Mindfulness of the students were (moderate) with average (3.26). And it …


Ua3/10/3 Convocation, Timothy Caboni Aug 2023

Ua3/10/3 Convocation, Timothy Caboni

WKU Archives Records

Convocation speech given by WKU president Timothy Caboni regarding student retention, enrollment, living learning communities, Colonnade, early college programs, research, global study, philanthropy, innovation campus, knowledge towns and Indudeep Chhachhi.


Cedarville Coach Pivotal In Training Of Paralympic Gold Medalist, Mark D. Weinstein Aug 2023

Cedarville Coach Pivotal In Training Of Paralympic Gold Medalist, Mark D. Weinstein

News Releases

Jeff Bolender, affectionately known as "Coach Bo," has coached dozens of track and cross country athletes at Cedarville University in the last several decades. His impact on his athletes, even after they graduate, is evident as Grace Norman ‘20 continues to win Paralympic medals.


Innovating Chinese Folklore: The Modernization Of The Eight Immortals Through Illustration And Licensing, Xiaodi Zhang Aug 2023

Innovating Chinese Folklore: The Modernization Of The Eight Immortals Through Illustration And Licensing, Xiaodi Zhang

Theses - ALL

This thesis explores the traditional Chinese folk story "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea" and its related works, aiming to identify strategies for the preserving and advancing this folk-art form. The initial focus of this thesis is to analyze the folktale "The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea," which involves a description of each of the Immortals, their distinct personalities, and their individual magical objects. Through the analysis of artistic works associated with this folk tale, this thesis reveals the potential of integrating them with modern technologies and reimagining the characters, resulting in consistently generating engaging artworks. This approach effectively facilitates the …


Innovating Chinese Folklore: The Modernization Of The Eight Immortals Through Illustration And Licensing, Xiaodi Zhang Aug 2023

Innovating Chinese Folklore: The Modernization Of The Eight Immortals Through Illustration And Licensing, Xiaodi Zhang

Theses - ALL

This thesis explores the traditional Chinese folk story "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea" and its related works, aiming to identify strategies for the preserving and advancing this folk-art form. The initial focus of this thesis is to analyze the folktale "The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea," which involves a description of each of the Immortals, their distinct personalities, and their individual magical objects. Through the analysis of artistic works associated with this folk tale, this thesis reveals the potential of integrating them with modern technologies and reimagining the characters, resulting in consistently generating engaging artworks. This approach effectively facilitates the …


Inheritance And Inequality Among Nomads Of South Siberia, Paul L. Hooper, Adam Z. Reynolds, Bayarsaikhan Jamsranjav, Julia K. Clark, John P. Ziker, Stefani A. Crabtree Aug 2023

Inheritance And Inequality Among Nomads Of South Siberia, Paul L. Hooper, Adam Z. Reynolds, Bayarsaikhan Jamsranjav, Julia K. Clark, John P. Ziker, Stefani A. Crabtree

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

At the headwaters of the Yenisei River in Tuva and northern Mongolia, nomadic pastoralists move between camps in a seasonal rotation that facilitates their animals' access to high-quality grasses and shelter. The use and informal ownership of these camps depending on season helps illustrate evolutionary and ecological principles underlying variation in property relations. Given relatively stable patterns of precipitation and returns to capital improvement, families generally benefit from reusing the same camps year after year. We show that locations with higher economic defensibility and capital investment—winter camps and camps located in mountain/river valleys—are claimed and inherited more frequently than summer …


Socio-Economic Determinants Of Gender-Based Violence [Gbv]: Sdg Analytics On The Global Gbv Scenario With Special Reference To Technology Facilitated Gender-Based Violence And Adolescent Birth Rates, Chandra P. Daniel Aug 2023

Socio-Economic Determinants Of Gender-Based Violence [Gbv]: Sdg Analytics On The Global Gbv Scenario With Special Reference To Technology Facilitated Gender-Based Violence And Adolescent Birth Rates, Chandra P. Daniel

NYMC Student Theses and Dissertations

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a multifaceted problem. The most rapidly increasing modern form of violence is the intertwined epidemic of ‘Technology Facilitated GBV’ [TF GBV] and sexual violence against women and girls. It was critical to investigate the global impact of this epidemic during COVID-19 since a disproportionate impact of violence was observed among women and girls in low and middle-income countries. A retrospective cross-sectional research design was adopted using linear regression analysis (univariate and multivariate) on SDG 5.2, a set of global indicators, to elicit the socioeconomic determinants of GBV. Phase-I results exposed the top-four socio-economic determinants …


Applications And Perceived Impact Of Artificial Intelligence In Academic Libraries In Nigeria, Uzoamaka Ogwo Ph.D, Francis Ibegbulem, Victor N. Nwachukwu Prof. Aug 2023

Applications And Perceived Impact Of Artificial Intelligence In Academic Libraries In Nigeria, Uzoamaka Ogwo Ph.D, Francis Ibegbulem, Victor N. Nwachukwu Prof.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper expounds the application and perceived impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in academic libraries in Nigeria. Libraries especially in developing countries may become moribund in the 21 century unless they begin to harness new, smart and intelligent technologies for improved operations and service delivery. This research adopted a literature-based approach to x-ray the applications and perceived impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in academic libraries in Nigeria. Through a systematic analysis and review of literature, the study brought to limelight the current state of AI integration in academic libraries in Nigeria and its possible impact on library services, collections, users, …


Makerspaces In Schools: What Knowledge, Perceptions, And Attitudes Do Teacher Librarians In Osun State Possess?, Olukunle Akinbola Osunrinade Aug 2023

Makerspaces In Schools: What Knowledge, Perceptions, And Attitudes Do Teacher Librarians In Osun State Possess?, Olukunle Akinbola Osunrinade

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

This study examined the knowledge, perception, and attitude of teacher librarians in secondary schools in Osun State towards makerspaces. A survey research design was used, and data was collected using a questionnaire. The sample for the study consisted of 110 teacher librarians from selected secondary schools in Osun State. The study found that teacher librarians in secondary schools in Osun State have sufficient knowledge about makerspaces, particularly when it comes to the ability to select technologies that improve student teaching and learning, understanding how to choose effective teaching ways to guide students' thinking and learning in makerspaces, possess experience …


Marketing Strategies And User Appreciation Of The Services Provided By Public Libraries, Ronald Odung, Bonniface Agungi Aug 2023

Marketing Strategies And User Appreciation Of The Services Provided By Public Libraries, Ronald Odung, Bonniface Agungi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study established the relationship between marketing strategies and user appreciation of the services provided by Public Libraries. The findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between marketing strategies and user appreciation of the Public Library services. The use of social media, general reference service and the use of Library Website are marketing strategies that can be adopted by Public Library. Provision of conducive Library space, benchmarking, analyzing user’s behavior, Quantitative evaluation, effective use of catalog and the size of the collection were ways that Public Library staff apply to assess the level of user appreciation. the finding recommend …


Institutional Repository As A Collaborative Tool For Users’ Satisfaction In Public University Libraries In Abia And Imo States., Lazarus Chibuzo Njoku Ph.D, Eucharia Ken-Agbiriogu Ph.D Aug 2023

Institutional Repository As A Collaborative Tool For Users’ Satisfaction In Public University Libraries In Abia And Imo States., Lazarus Chibuzo Njoku Ph.D, Eucharia Ken-Agbiriogu Ph.D

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

This study investigated institutional repositories as a collaborative tool for users’ satisfaction in public university libraries in Abia and Imo States. Two research questions were asked and two hypotheses formulated to guide the study. The research designs adopted for the investigation are inferential survey and correlational designs. The population of the study was 5,294. The sample size for this study is 378. The instrument used for data collection was a rating scale titled “Motivational Factors as Correlates of User Satisfaction in Public University Libraries” (MFCUPSUL). Research question 1 was answered using the mean and standard deviation, while research question …


Panem's Parallel's: Authoritarianism In The Real World, Quentin J. Stewart Aug 2023

Panem's Parallel's: Authoritarianism In The Real World, Quentin J. Stewart

Honors Capstones

Throughout the twentieth century, there has been an increasing awareness and fear of authoritarian governments in the Western world, the United States in particular. While these methods of governance were steadily becoming more present in Western media throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, portrayals of authoritarianism and dystopia experienced a peak in popularity toward the end of the two-thousands decade, with book and film franchises like The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins spearheading this emergence. Many of the themes and aspects of the series setting alert the audience to many of the ways authoritarianism can be seen in real life, …


Body Appreciation Around The World: Measurement Invariance Of The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (Bas-2) Across 65 Nations, 40 Languages, Gender Identities, And Age, Viren Swami, Ulrich S. Tran, Stefan Stieger, Toivo Aavik, Hamed Abdollahpour Ranjbar, Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo, Reza Ahfami, Oli Ahmed, Annie Aimé, Marwan Akel, Hussam Al Halbusi, George Alexias, Khawla F. Ali, Nursel Alp-Dal, Anas B. Alsalhani, Sara Álvares-Solas, Ana Carolina Soares Almaral, Sonny Andrianto, Trefor Aspden, David A. Frederick Aug 2023

Body Appreciation Around The World: Measurement Invariance Of The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (Bas-2) Across 65 Nations, 40 Languages, Gender Identities, And Age, Viren Swami, Ulrich S. Tran, Stefan Stieger, Toivo Aavik, Hamed Abdollahpour Ranjbar, Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo, Reza Ahfami, Oli Ahmed, Annie Aimé, Marwan Akel, Hussam Al Halbusi, George Alexias, Khawla F. Ali, Nursel Alp-Dal, Anas B. Alsalhani, Sara Álvares-Solas, Ana Carolina Soares Almaral, Sonny Andrianto, Trefor Aspden, David A. Frederick

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset – with data collected between 2020 and 2022 – to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has …


Covid-19 Pandemic’S Impact On Online Sex Advertising And Sex Trafficking, Coxen O. Julia, Vanessa Castro, Bridgette Carr, Glen Redin Aug 2023

Covid-19 Pandemic’S Impact On Online Sex Advertising And Sex Trafficking, Coxen O. Julia, Vanessa Castro, Bridgette Carr, Glen Redin

Articles

Disruptive social events such as the COVID-19 pandemic can have a significant impact on sex trafficking and the working conditions of victims, yet these effects have been little understood. This paper examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sex trafficking in the United States, based on analysis of over one million sexual service advertisements from the online platform Rubratings.com, using indicators of third-party management as potential proxies for trafficking. Our results show that there have been measurable changes in online commercial sexual service advertising, both with and without third-party management indicators, in the United States, with a significant decrease …


Promotion Strategies In Academic Libraries: Improving The Ability Of Students To Access Information Resources And Services During The Covid-19 Era, Tinyiko Vivian Dube Aug 2023

Promotion Strategies In Academic Libraries: Improving The Ability Of Students To Access Information Resources And Services During The Covid-19 Era, Tinyiko Vivian Dube

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This article identified the library promotion strategies that distance education academic library services can employ to improve the ability of remote clients to access information resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Academic libraries operating in a distance education environment in Gauteng Province, South Africa, are currently changing how library and information services are provided to remote clients. The traditional means of promoting library services through posters, banners, flyers, and pamphlets are now in the past. The emergence of COVID-19 facilitated information technologies. The study was anchored by the positivism research paradigm and used a quantitative approach. Microsoft Form was used to …