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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Effects Of Covid-19-Induced Stress, Anxiety, And Depression On The Eating Behavior Of College Women, Natalie Simpson Apr 2023

The Effects Of Covid-19-Induced Stress, Anxiety, And Depression On The Eating Behavior Of College Women, Natalie Simpson

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

Increases in the prevalence of disordered eating patterns have been linked to distress and poor mental well-being. Additionally, COVID-19 has been linked to both depressive and anxious symptomatology, along with increased feelings of distress (Fitzpatrick et al., 2020). Because disordered eating is particularly prevalent among college-age women, this study sought to determine how depression, anxiety, and stress affect eating behaviors of college women in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred seventy-nine women, aged 18–24, at Butler University gave informed consent before completing a questionnaire pertaining to their demographics, their stress surrounding COVID, and their weight change since March …

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The Effect Of Covid-19 On Substance Use And Mental Health On A College Campus, Georgia L. Coffman Apr 2023

The Effect Of Covid-19 On Substance Use And Mental Health On A College Campus, Georgia L. Coffman

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

In this research, the author surveyed a university population to determine the impact that COVID-19 has had on substance use and mental health. Current research provides significant data indicating worsening mental health and substance use. This paper looks at how applicable those trends are to a small private university in Indianapolis, Indiana. The data included 261 respondents composed of students, faculty, and staff of the university. The results reveal that college students, faculty, and staff experienced statistically significant increases in feelings of unhappiness, depression, loneliness, hopelessness, agitation, and irritability during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. Data analysis of …

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An Evaluation Of Women’S Social Status In Colonial Hong Kong With A Feminist Lens - Case Studies, Heng Du Apr 2023

An Evaluation Of Women’S Social Status In Colonial Hong Kong With A Feminist Lens - Case Studies, Heng Du

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

Even though Hong Kong remained under British control from 1842 to 1997, denizens were not modernized in a way comparable to that of the British. To the contrary, while governing Hong Kong, British colonizers allowed continued reference to ancient Chinese customs in the area. Such policy diminished women’s chances of receiving fair treatment in matters such as property management and divorce. Unlike in Hong Kong, women were legislated to be parallel to men in matrimonial and property inheritance petitions in China, Britain, and colonial Singapore. This study is based on two exemplary cases judged by authorities in colonial Hong Kong. …

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Identifying Disinformation In Scholarly Publishing, Natalie M. Mclendon Apr 2023

Identifying Disinformation In Scholarly Publishing, Natalie M. Mclendon

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

This paper examines the pro-Confederacy movement’s attempt to distort history through textbook revision to argue in favor of strengthened media literacy as a brace against the effects of disinformation and propaganda. Previous definitions of misinformation and disinformation overlap and are as yet unclear and, therefore, should be further studied. “Lost Cause” mythologists worked diligently to propagate school textbooks which portrayed skewed versions of history that cast Southern Confederates’ cause as noble and honorable while obscuring the real reason for the Civil War. While undergraduate students can rely on the CRAAP and BEAM methods of identifying problematic texts, they should be …

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Table Of Contents And Front Matter, Bjur Staff Apr 2023

Table Of Contents And Front Matter, Bjur Staff

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

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A Bayesian Examination Of The Effect Of A Mental Health Psychosocial Education Vignette On Stigma Toward Persons With Schizophrenia And Depression, Lainie Krumenacker Apr 2023

A Bayesian Examination Of The Effect Of A Mental Health Psychosocial Education Vignette On Stigma Toward Persons With Schizophrenia And Depression, Lainie Krumenacker

Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal

Psychosocial education has been used to combat stigma in several settings, but familiarity with and exposure to mental illness may also be key factors in reducing stigmatizing comments and behaviors. In this study, we implemented a between-subjects design where participants were allocated into two groups: one who received psychoeducational information about mental health (i.e., the “education group”) and one who received no psychoeducational information (i.e., the “control group”). Regardless of their group, all participants then read vignettes which discussed information about the diagnosis of schizophrenia or the diagnosis of depression. Following the vignettes, all participants completed a series of questionnaires …

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Acoustic Phonetic Verification Of Canadian Raising Of /Ai/ And /Au/ In Minnesota English, Ettien Koffi Apr 2023

Acoustic Phonetic Verification Of Canadian Raising Of /Ai/ And /Au/ In Minnesota English, Ettien Koffi

Linguistic Portfolios

The diphthongs [ɑɪ] and [aʊ] are produced respectively as [ʌɪ] and [ʌʊ] by Canadians. This pronunciation was first mentioned in a primer in Canada in 1890. Joos drew scholarly attention to it in a seminal paper in 1942. It was later dubbed “Canadian Raising” by Chambers (1973). Vance (1987) contends that /aɪ/-raising was heard in Fergus Falls, MN, as far back as 1930s, but said nothing about the occurrence of /aʊ/-raising. The goal of this paper is to discuss the status of Canadian Raising in Minnesota English. Two separate experiments were conducted in which 18 …

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Social Network Analysis And The Input Hypothesis: An American English Speaker’S Efforts At Learning Korean As L2, Victoria Lee, Ettien Koffi Apr 2023

Social Network Analysis And The Input Hypothesis: An American English Speaker’S Efforts At Learning Korean As L2, Victoria Lee, Ettien Koffi

Linguistic Portfolios

The influence that social networks have on the acquisition of a second language (L2) has not been investigated as extensively as the influence that classroom instruction has. Yet, throughout the world, people acquire L2s without ever setting foot in a classroom. In this paper, we investigate the social network of Author 1 in her attempt to acquire Korean while teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in South Korea. The analysis revolves around four people in her social network. The interactions that she had with these individuals allow us to investigate any putative correlation that may exist between social network …

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An Idiolectal Acoustic Phonetic Analysis Of English Nasal Consonants, Ettien Koffi, Emily Schwintek Apr 2023

An Idiolectal Acoustic Phonetic Analysis Of English Nasal Consonants, Ettien Koffi, Emily Schwintek

Linguistic Portfolios

This study focuses on the acoustic phonetic properties of the nasal segments [m], [n], and [ŋ] found in the words ng, things, maybe, need, not, mom, mat, things, Jenny, meet> produced by Author 2. Seven correlates: pitch/F0, F1, F2, F3, F4, intensity, and duration are extracted from these segments to gauge which ones are robust for intelligibility. The main findings are that F0 and duration are very robust correlates, but F1, F2, F3, F4, and intensity are not consistently reliable for assessing intelligibility. The analyses …

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The Acoustic Phonetic Properties Of Singly And Doubly Articulated Stops In Anyi: A Data-Driven Analysis, Ettien Koffi Apr 2023

The Acoustic Phonetic Properties Of Singly And Doubly Articulated Stops In Anyi: A Data-Driven Analysis, Ettien Koffi

Linguistic Portfolios

This paper examines the acoustic phonetic properties of the stop consonants [p, b, t, d, k, g, k͡p, g͡b] in Anyi, an Akan language spoken in eastern Côte d’Ivoire and western Ghana. Twelve acoustic correlates (F0, F1, F2, F3, F4, VOT, intensity, duration, B1, B2, B3, and B4) are extracted from data elicited from 10 participants in order to determine which correlates are robust for speech intelligibility. The findings discussed in the paper are based on 2,880 tokens (10 speakers x 8 words x 3 repetitions x 12 correlates). The investigation serves two purposes. The first is to give an …

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Be-Copula And Preposition Omission In Somali L2 English Compositions, Othniel Williams Apr 2023

Be-Copula And Preposition Omission In Somali L2 English Compositions, Othniel Williams

Linguistic Portfolios

As a prospective Minnesota-licensed English as a second language (ESL) teacher, I believe that it is very important that the writing patterns of Somali students are studied because they are a major portion of the population of ESL learners in the state. This study examined three essays that were written by Somali students as part of their writing placement test for college. A plethora of issues were found, but the focus is on orthographic matters, the missing lexical auxiliary and the preposition . The orthographic matters include problems with spelling and capitalization, which are common in all three essays. The …

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An Esl Writer’S Difficulties With The Modal Verb , Ettien Koffi, Kaitlin Comfort Apr 2023

An Esl Writer’S Difficulties With The Modal Verb , Ettien Koffi, Kaitlin Comfort

Linguistic Portfolios

Modal verbs present ESL writers with a paradox. They are both easy and difficult to use. In this paper, we investigate how a college-bound L2 writer succeeds and fails in using the modal verb in an essay. Though the analysis is based only on one writer’s mistakes, those who have studied ESL writers’ usage of modal verbs concur that the mistakes made by this student are representative of the struggles that other L2 writers face when using . The writer also has issues with deleting the grapheme when it occurs in the coda of consonant clusters. We examine this orthographic …

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Acoustic Phonetic Characteristics Of Disordered Vowels, Ettien Koffi, Paige Gerlach Apr 2023

Acoustic Phonetic Characteristics Of Disordered Vowels, Ettien Koffi, Paige Gerlach

Linguistic Portfolios

In most acoustic phonetic studies, researchers go to great lengths to specify that the participants do not have any speech impediments. These specifications are meant to show that the speech patterns of the talkers qualify as mainstream pronunciation. This is not the case in this study. Author 2 has a noticeable speech impediment. She enrolled in Author 1’s acoustic phonetic course. In this course, students study their own speech patterns in the minutest of details and compare their speech with that of a group of native or nonnative speakers. We do the same with Author 2’s vowels to see how …

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Voice Biometrics Fusion For Enhanced Security And Speaker Recognition: A Comprehensive Review, Ettien Koffi Apr 2023

Voice Biometrics Fusion For Enhanced Security And Speaker Recognition: A Comprehensive Review, Ettien Koffi

Linguistic Portfolios

The scope of this paper is purposefully limited to the 15 voice biometrics modalities discussed by Jain et al. (2004). The place of Voice within their classification scheme is reexamined in light of important developments that have taken place since 2010. Additionally, elements are added to Mayhew’s (2018) overview of the history of biometrics as an attempt to fill in missing gaps concerning Voice. All this leads to a reassessment of voice biometrics and how it relates to other biometric modalities. Speech segments that carry extremely high identity vector loads are discussed. The main assertion of this paper is that …

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Dialect Variation And Lexical Stress: An Idiolectal Inquiry, Ettien Koffi, Megan C. Dell' Acqua Apr 2023

Dialect Variation And Lexical Stress: An Idiolectal Inquiry, Ettien Koffi, Megan C. Dell' Acqua

Linguistic Portfolios

Ever since Fry (1958) ranked the acoustic correlates of lexical stress as F0 > Duration > Intensity, a controversy has ensued. Some replication studies have agreed with Fry’s ranking, but others have not. It is quite possible that the divergent rankings of correlates may have something to do with dialect variation among the participants in various studies. The evidence for this claim comes from an in-depth study of Author 2’s pronunciation of 14 disyllabic words produced in running speech. Her ranking of the acoustic correlates of lexical stress as F0 > Duration > Intensity agrees with Fry but stands in contrast with the ranking …

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Verb Tense Agreement Issues In Somali L2 English Composition, Luis Lopez, Galyna Arabadzhy Apr 2023

Verb Tense Agreement Issues In Somali L2 English Composition, Luis Lopez, Galyna Arabadzhy

Linguistic Portfolios

Creating a piece of writing is an arduous task that presents challenges to both native and non-native speakers of English. Although there is enough material to help learners structure and organize their essays, English language learners (ELL) face surface level and sentence level issues. The purpose of this paper is to investigate two such issues, specifically orthographic and tense agreement mistakes produced by college-bound Somali students. The analyses reveal that phonological L1 transfers can affect orthography, while L1 syntactic structures interfere with tense agreements in complex sentences.

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Infant Cry Annoyance Scale And Indexes, Ettien Koffi Apr 2023

Infant Cry Annoyance Scale And Indexes, Ettien Koffi

Linguistic Portfolios

Noise-induced annoyance methodology is applied to infant cry to gauge which of the three acoustic determinants of cries frequency in Hz, intensity in dBA, and duration in hours, minutes, or milliseconds is/are the most annoying to parents and caregivers. The main finding is that in cries, as in many other annoying noises, intensity in dBA is the most aversive correlate. The path leading to this finding is not linear, but rather a tortuous one because many issues and definitions had to be discussed first. In so doing, the smallest unit of a cry had to be established. This led subsequently …

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A Comprehensive Review Of Intonation: Psychoacoustics Modeling Of Prosodic Prominence, Ettien Koffi Apr 2023

A Comprehensive Review Of Intonation: Psychoacoustics Modeling Of Prosodic Prominence, Ettien Koffi

Linguistic Portfolios

Bolinger (1978:475), one of the foremost authorities on prosody of a generation ago, said that “Intonation is a half-tamed savage. To understand the tamed or linguistically harnessed half of him, one has to make friends with the wild half.” This review provides a brief explanation for the tamed and untamed halves of intonation. It is argued here that the pitch-centered approach that has been used for several decades is responsible for why one half of intonation remains untamed. To tame intonation completely, a holistic acoustic approach is required that takes intensity and duration as seriously as it does …

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Prologue, Ettien Koffi Apr 2023

Prologue, Ettien Koffi

Linguistic Portfolios

No abstract provided.

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Why Do High-Achieving Women Feel Like Frauds? Intersecting Identities And The Imposter Phenomenon, Nicole Lounsbery Apr 2023

Why Do High-Achieving Women Feel Like Frauds? Intersecting Identities And The Imposter Phenomenon, Nicole Lounsbery

Great Plains Sociologist

The imposter phenomenon is a concept used to characterize the presence of intense feelings of intellectual fraudulence, particularly among high-achieving women. Researchers have tried to explain not only why this phenomenon occurs, but why it is more prevalent in highly successful women. This study predicts that the intersection of gender with race, class, and parental educational attainment contributes to women’s feelings of fraudulence. Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) scores were used to determine the effects of identity variables on imposter feelings in a sample of 403 female graduate students. Results indicate a strongly positive relationship between Native American identity and …

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Digital Resources In An Academic Hybrid Library: Assessment Of Usage Pattern Among History And International Studies Postgraduates In A Nigerian University, Grace Iyabo Nwokedi, Isabel Stella Schellnack-Kelly Phd Apr 2023

Digital Resources In An Academic Hybrid Library: Assessment Of Usage Pattern Among History And International Studies Postgraduates In A Nigerian University, Grace Iyabo Nwokedi, Isabel Stella Schellnack-Kelly Phd

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The purpose of this inquiry is to investigate the usage pattern of academic hybrid library digital resources by history and international studies postgraduates. Qualitative case study was adopted as the research design of the inquiry. Focus group discussion, observation and interview were employed as data tools. Among the inquiry’s outcome, it was disclosed that there were varieties of digital resources in the hybrid library under study. It was also disclosed that the history and international studies postgraduates were aware of the available digital resources. However, it was disclosed that only few participants were utilising the library’s e-books and databases due …

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Thinking And Designing Beyond The Jig-Seating Reimagined, Lily Watson Apr 2023

Thinking And Designing Beyond The Jig-Seating Reimagined, Lily Watson

Poster Presentations

Most chairs aren’t designed to serve human bodies. Enter, the impaired body, not simply as a source for treatment and revision but as a challenge to standard design. This poster presents an innovative chair redesign project. The effort was intended to enhance comfort and functionality as well as aesthetics of seating in public spaces.

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Recruiting For The Cao Role: An Evaluation Of The Existing Recruitment Processes In Low And Single Tier Municipalities In Ontario, Ashley Bilodeau Apr 2023

Recruiting For The Cao Role: An Evaluation Of The Existing Recruitment Processes In Low And Single Tier Municipalities In Ontario, Ashley Bilodeau

MPA Major Research Papers

It is no secret that there are challenges associated with the retainment of Chief Administrative Officer position in municipal governments throughout Ontario. This is related to an aging population (O’Flynn; Mau, 2014), a younger generation that is not committed to one employer (Strategy Corp, 2019), a significant turnover rate associated with the political nature of Council (Coulter, 2011) and fierce competition with the private sector (Strategy Corp, 2019). The Chief Administrative Officer role is unique as Siegel argues. He quotes Rost’s definition of the leadership role of the municipal CAO, as someone who “has the ability to move the municipality …

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The Evolution Of Municipal Asset Management Maturity In Canada: Surveying Mid-Sized Cities And Evaluating Federal And Provincial Policies To Spur Municipal Asset Management Practice, Dan Ditaranto Apr 2023

The Evolution Of Municipal Asset Management Maturity In Canada: Surveying Mid-Sized Cities And Evaluating Federal And Provincial Policies To Spur Municipal Asset Management Practice, Dan Ditaranto

MPA Major Research Papers

In today’s global economy, Canada’s cities play a key role in the country’s economic growth and prosperity. They must build and maintain significant amounts of public infrastructure. However, the large and ever-growing national infrastructure deficit threatens to undermine the country’s competitiveness and quality of life. Since the turn of the century, the federal and provincial governments have increased reinvestment in infrastructure and employed several policy approaches to spur municipalities towards formalized asset management (AM) practice, which is widely recognized as the optimal means for determining long-term maintenance and funding requirements. Given the varied policy approaches, the state of municipal AM …

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Identifying Challenges And Advantages Of Internet Voting And Assessing The Impact On Voters Turnout In Municipal Elections, Abdul Katawazy Apr 2023

Identifying Challenges And Advantages Of Internet Voting And Assessing The Impact On Voters Turnout In Municipal Elections, Abdul Katawazy

MPA Major Research Papers

The paper identifies obstacles, opportunities, and more significant potential for elections through e-voting. The study uses litterateur review and statistical data assessments of e-voting in Ontario municipal elections to identify the impacts of e-voting on voter turnout. The research's anticipated findings show e-voting presents substantial challenges for governments, including privacy and data protection and constantly updating policies to keep up with evolving technologies. The challenges must be addressed while maintaining voters' privacy and trust in the voting processes. The research provides literature and recommendations for further research on e-voting in the municipalities that will support developing a strategy ensuring a …

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Tax Increment Financing – The Impact Of Tax Incentives On Investment Attraction In Ontario’S Small And Medium Sized Municipalities, Jeff Loney Apr 2023

Tax Increment Financing – The Impact Of Tax Incentives On Investment Attraction In Ontario’S Small And Medium Sized Municipalities, Jeff Loney

MPA Major Research Papers

This research evaluates the opinions of the Community Improvement Plan Administrators for 21 of Ontario’s small and mid-sized communities as it relates to Tax Increment Equivalent Grants. Through thematic coding, the research evaluates the following question: Do tax increment equivalent grants drive more new investment to small and medium-size municipalities than other types of grants in Community Improvement Plans? The study concludes that Tax Increment Equivalent Grants do not drive more investment to municipalities than different types of grants. However, it provides insight into how municipalities can better structure existing grants to assist in smaller centres. Furthermore, the study finds …

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Calm Sr: Classroom Activities For Learning And Managing Self-Regulation, Corina Arroyo, Angela Labrie Blackwell, Mallorie Garcia Apr 2023

Calm Sr: Classroom Activities For Learning And Managing Self-Regulation, Corina Arroyo, Angela Labrie Blackwell, Mallorie Garcia

Spring 2023 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium

CALM SR is a program developed for 3-4-year-olds to increase successful participation in desired occupations due to improved self-regulation skills. This program is designed for implementation in a preschool setting over the course of 9 weeks. This program incorporates activities that target sill acquisition across multiple domains. Activities are supplemented by literature, visual displays, modeling, and facilitation of the self-regulation process.

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Measuring Public Value Through Local E-Government, Kevin De Leebeeck Apr 2023

Measuring Public Value Through Local E-Government, Kevin De Leebeeck

MPA Major Research Papers

In response to the fulfillment of public expectations and the shortcomings of new public management, one alternative approach that has received recent attention is the concept of public value. The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has provided an affordance for the development of e-government profiles that principally aim to create public value. As evaluative research, this project contributes to the quantitative development of the public value construct by establishing and assessing relationships between ICT and public value frameworks. Through the use of common website metrics and other previously used dichotomous indicators, the levels of digital public value are …

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Development Charges: The Price Is Right? An Evaluation Of The Patterns, Processes And Outcomes Of Development Charge By-Laws In Ontario Regional Municipalities, David Gundrum Apr 2023

Development Charges: The Price Is Right? An Evaluation Of The Patterns, Processes And Outcomes Of Development Charge By-Laws In Ontario Regional Municipalities, David Gundrum

MPA Major Research Papers

In Ontario, Development Charges (DCs) are a revenue tool designed to assist municipalities with paying for growth-related capital costs arising from the expanded infrastructure required to accommodate new development. The Development Charges Act, 1997 grants municipalities the authority to levy DCs through adopting By-laws of Council and defines the rules and structure they must follow when implementation and revision of charge systems occurs. Where implemented, DCs are meant to ensure that existing municipal ratepayers (property owners) are not required to pay the capital costs associated with new services and facilities that are needed to accommodate new development. The revenue collected …

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Conditional Grants In Ontario: A Case Study Of The Municipal Modernization Program, Elizabeth Reimer Apr 2023

Conditional Grants In Ontario: A Case Study Of The Municipal Modernization Program, Elizabeth Reimer

MPA Major Research Papers

The intent of the 2019 Regional Government Review (Review) was to find ways to expand service delivery and reduce costs in 82 Ontario municipalities. However, no changes resulted. Instead, the Province allocated significant funding to the existing Municipal Modernization Program (MMP) for municipalities to utilize in hopes of achieving the same results the Review had. Accordingly, this paper looks at whether the MMP, a provincial conditional grant, is effectively achieving its stated intended purposes. It is clear that intergovernmental relations as they pertain to grants is a much-researched topic, with a vast collection of research to draw upon spanning much …

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