Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Beyond Statistical Significance: A Holistic View Of What Makes A Research Finding "Important", Jane E. Miller

Numeracy

Students often believe that statistical significance is the only determinant of whether a quantitative result is “important.” In this paper, I review traditional null hypothesis statistical testing to identify what questions inferential statistics can and cannot answer, including statistical significance, effect size and direction, causality, generalizability, and changeability of the independent variable. I illustrate these issues with examples from an empirical study of the association between how much time teenagers spent playing video games and time spent reading. I describe how study design and context determine each of those aspects of “importance,” and close by summarizing how to provide a …

Exploring The Relationship Between Quantitative Reasoning Skills And News Habits, Bennett Attaway, John Voiklis, Jena Barchas-Lichtenstein, Eric Hochberg, Jim Hammerman, Uduak Grace Thomas, Nicole Lamarca, Laura Santhanam, Patti Parson

Numeracy

Because people are constantly confronted with numbers and mathematical concepts in the news, we have embarked on a project to create journalism that can support news users’ number skills. But doing so requires understanding (1) journalists’ ability to reason with numbers, (2) other adults’ ability to do so, and (3) the attributes and affordances of news. In this paper, we focus on the relationship between adults’ news habits and their quantitative reasoning skills. We collected data from a sample of 1,200 US adults, testing their ability to interpret statistical results and asking them to report their news habits. The assessment …

The Effectiveness Of Body Cameras In Reduction Of Police Brutality/Misconduct Against African Americans, Osediegbeyen Ediale

Major Papers

Police brutality against Black people remains a critical subject matter among scholars in the international society. However, because of the broad nature of the subject of police brutality, this study focused on the United States which is rated as one of the countries with the highest police violence cases in the world. With the rising number of Black-led protests against this menace, the US government, in response, provided the solution of body cameras to mitigate the rise of police violence against ordinary citizens. However, as this study indicates, this solution is limited in its effectiveness.

This study sought to perform …

The Hidden Hauntings Of The Opioid & Overdose Crisis: A Policy Review Of Harm Reduction And Safe Injection Sites In Vancouver, Ottawa, Toronto, London, And Windsor., Finalba (Fina) Olivia Pirrone

Major Papers

The drug and opioid overdose crisis have led to the death of hundreds of thousands of people. As such, harm reduction and safe injection sites have been making their appearances throughout Canada, specifically within British Columbia and Ontario. The policies held in Vancouver, Ottawa, Toronto, London, and Windsor raise many questions, all looking to see if their implementations are working. This policy review seeks to determine if harm reduction policy and safe injection sites are working to not only save lives, but to reduce the overall number of increasing overdose deaths. Through this review, it is concluded that harm reduction …

Elder Abuse In Canada: Dimensions And Policy Responses, Taylor Marekovic

Major Papers

Elder abuse and neglect continues to be a gray area when it comes to convicting perpetrators such as family, friends, strangers, and caregivers who commit any form of physical, psychological, financial, neglect, or sexual abuse towards an elder. This is due to the legal definition being vague and non-transparent. The legal and health systems rely on two different definitions of what is deemed to be elder abuse and neglect in Canada when reviewing or assessing allegations of such abuse. Elder abuse and neglect increased throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, during which Ontario and the rest of Canada experienced staffing shortages in …

Gm Allotypes And Covid-19. A Pilot Study Performed On Sicilian Patients, Mattia Emanuela Ligotti, Anna Calabrò, Giulia Accardi, Anna Aiello, Calogero Caruso, Claudia Colomba, Danilo Di Bona, Giovanni Duro, Aryan M Namboodiri, Antonino Tuttolomondo, Janardan P Pandey, Giuseppina Candore

Translational Medicine @ UniSa

Several studies suggest that genetic variants that influence the onset, maintenance and resolution of the immune response might be fundamental in predicting the evolution of COVID-19. In the present paper, we analysed the distribution of GM allotypes (the genetic markers of immunoglobulin γ chains) in symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients and in healthy controls, all born and residing in Sicily. Indeed, the role played by GM allotypes in immune responses and infection control is well known. Our findings show that the GM23 allotype is significantly reduced in healthy controls. Interestingly, in a previous study, Sicilians carrying the GM23 allotype were …

Translating The Results Of A Selective Decontamination Of The Digestive Tract Trial Into Efficacious Real-Life Interventions, Ornella Piazza, Giovanni Boccia, Carolina Ciacci, Francesco De Caro, Amelia Filippelli, Gianluigi Franci, Pasquale Pagliano

Translational Medicine @ UniSa

No Abstract for this article type.

Exploring Permanency Of Pandemic Influenced Changes In Habitual Consumption Behaviour, Ray Titus, Sejal Valera, Debashish Sengupta

Arab Economic and Business Journal

The pandemic has universally disrupted the way people live and socialise. People’s behavioural patterns have also been significantly influenced by the Covid-19 pandemic. A study conducted in Singapore found evidence of at least 17 behavioural changes triggered by Covid-19 pandemic. Another study done in Italy found that there was a high intention to adopt protective behaviours post the Covid-19 lockdown. Similarly, a study done in South Africa indicated enhanced behavioural responses to Covid-19 and consequently the evolution of preventive behaviours. The behavioural changes triggered by Covid-19 pandemic are likely to extend into consumption territory and impact consumer behaviour significantly. A …

From Case Studies To Experiential Learning. Is Simulation An Effective Tool For Student Assessment?, Bassem E Maamari, Darin El-Nakla,

Arab Economic and Business Journal

With the fast changes enforced by the COVID-19, many business schools found themselves streamed into using new technology and platforms to safeguard the academic year 2020-2021. The introduction of business simulation for student assessment before graduating from the undergraduate program has always presented a challenge in terms of approach to use. Today, business simulation is introduced, not only to enhance students’ learning experience but also to satisfy the assessment institutional requirement of closing the gap. This comparative quantitative study uses feedback from students of two cohorts assessed during the same academic year, one using the case method and the second …

Factors In Primary Care Use Among Young Adult Refugees From Burma And Bhutan In Early Resettlement: Findings From Colorado, Sarah Brewer, Jini Puma

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Background: Young adult refugees have suboptimal primary care use in early resettlement—domains of integration influence primary care engagement during this time.

Methods: Adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds of (1) having a primary care exam and (2) identification of a primary care provider (PCP) as predicted by domains of integration among young adult refugees (n=154) from Burma and Bhutan across four years following resettlement.

Results: Overall integration and predisposing factors, such as language and cultural knowledge, were lower odds of having a primary care provider. Enabling factors such as having insurance and knowing how to make an …

Overcoming The Challenges Of Covid-19 By Hospitality Educational Administrators: A Grounded Theory Approach, Senthilkumaran Piramanayagam, Partho Pratim Seal

The Qualitative Report

The coronavirus pandemic has affected all walks of life across the globe. Higher education institutions confronted multiple challenges and disruptions in teaching and learning. However, the challenges hospitality education administrators need to resolve are distinct compared to other traditional higher education programs. This study aimed to understand the experiences and responses of hospitality educational administrators under crisis. The findings of the study are expected to assist hospitality education institutions to be prepared and respond better to any crisis in the future. To understand the challenges faced and strategies adopted by hospitality educational administrators, we interviewed 23 hospitality administrators across India. …

Delivering Occupation-Based Practice In Stroke Rehabilitation Of Hospital Settings: Thai Occupational Therapists’ Experiences, Anuchart Kaunnil, Veerawat Sansri, Surachart Thongchoomsin, Kannika Permpoonputtana, Sutinun Juntorn, Kathryn Jarvis, Cristina Reyes Smith, Michael Palapal Sy, Jiranan Griffiths, Chutikorn Nopparat, Peeradech Thichanpiang

The Qualitative Report

Occupation-based practice (OBP) is central to the practice of occupational therapists where occupations or meaningful activities become the focus of the assessment, intervention, and outcomes measurement process. Although occupational therapists practising in Thailand claim that they engage in OBP, this claim warrants empirical investigation. This study aimed to investigate the experiences and perceptions of hospital-based occupational therapists of OBP within stroke rehabilitation. Utilizing a qualitative design, fourteen occupational therapists were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews until data saturation was reached. Each interview was recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Five …

How Can Conflicts Reduce Stress, Tsai Ming-Hong, Smu Office Of Research

Research@SMU Infographics

In a recent seminar organised by SMU's Behavioural Sciences Initiative (BSI), SMU Associate Professor of Psychology Tsai Ming-Hong explains how mild types of conflict can minimise stress and offers pointers on how to express conflict in more beneficial ways.

Problems And Countermeasures For Construction Of China’S Salt Cavern Type Strategic Oil Storage, Xilin Shi, Xinxing Wei, Chunhe Yang, Hongling Ma, Yinping Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Oil is an important strategic energy source, and the establishment of sufficient oil storage is a major need to ensure the political, economic and national defense security of the country. China's outer dependence for oil has exceeded 70% for three consecutive years, but the oil storage is extremely low. Underground salt caverns are internationally recognized as excellent places for large-scale oil storage, developed countries in Europe and the United States have built several salt cavern oil storages in the last century. The construction of salt cavern oil storage is expected to become an effective way to solve China's oil crisis. …

High-Quality Energy Development And Energy Security Under The New Situation For China, Guofa Wang, He Liu, Dandan Wang, Yihui Pang, Lixin Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Energy security is the cornerstone of national security and stable development, and high-quality energy development is the fundamental guarantee for long-term national economic growth. This study analyzes the complicated domestic and international environmental impacts of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, the United States energy rule, and the rigid demand for domestic energy consumption growth. It also analyzes the uncertainty of domestic energy transformation and development. Then, the study summarizes the enlightenment of China's energy development. Furthermore, based on China's energy structure and resource endowment, this study establishes an independent, controllable, safe and reliable integrated energy security system based on fossil energy, …

2022 Technology Focus: Analysis And Interpretation Of 20 High-Impact Patented Technology Focus, Jiaofeng Pan, Weiwei Fan, Fuhai Leng, Guopeng Li, Feng Zhang, Lin Han, Haiming Wang, Chaoxing Zhang, Fan Yang, Xiaomei Wang, Haixia Wang, Jianxia Yuan, Ying Xing, Ting Chen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

2022 Technology Focus report developed by the Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASISD), is based on the role of "Technology Focus" in the fields of information, energy, life and material manufacturing in the new technological revolution. We select and determine "20 High-impact Patented Technology Focus" from the 32 "Technology Focus" areas that are highlighted in the report. It briefly describes the basic meaning, technological innovation challenges, and the research path. Based on the distribution of comprehensive influence scores of patent data in "Technology Focus", it reveals the technical innovation points and the characteristics of the national …

Policy Overview (December, 2022)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Role Of Transnational Oil And Gas Exploration And Development In Ensuring National Energy Security, Lirong Dou, Zuoqian Wang, Feng Gao, Xiaobing Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

United States is the founder of modern oil industry, which promoted the development of oil and gas in the world. By means of global layout of American oil companies, United States supercharges the backyard of North America while covets the forecourt of South America. United States realizes energy independence and opens energy hegemony during 70 years after World War II. On basis of reviewing the development history of American oil industry, this study analyzes the role of transnational oil and gas exploration, and development of Chinese national oil companies in ensuring national energy security. On the one hand, the entitlement …

Challenges Of International Turmoil Situation To China’S Energy Resource Security And Coping Strategies, Anjian Wang, Chunhui Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

China is at a critical stage of development from late industrialization to modernization, and is still in the basic conditions of energy resources supporting the sustainable development of the national economy. The world today is facing unprecedented turmoil situation since the end of the cold war. The ongoing political and military crisis in Europe has accelerated the transformation of the world's geopolitical map and profoundly affected the global supply, demand and trade pattern of energy resources. Nowadays, the "four circles and two systems" pattern of global oil and gas supply and demand is undergoing major adjustments, and the competition in …

Strategic Thinking On China’S Food System Transition From Perspective Of Sustainable Development Goals, Xiaojie Liu, Siqi He, Weiqiang Chen, Dan Yan, Litao Liu, Gangqiang Ding, Zhongjie Zhang, Gang Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Food system is the foundation of human society, thus the sustainable transition of food system is one of the key topics towards global sustainability. Facing the global climate crisis, regional conflict, and pandemic that unseen in a century, it becomes critical to build a sustainable food system in line with the Chinese context for ensuring its grain and food security, national nutrition and health, social justice, ecological balance, market effectiveness, and system resilience. To address these focuses, this study analyzed the main issues and challenges faced by China's current food system, and decoded the relationship between food system and sustainable …

Hydrocarbon Security Strategy And Carbon Peak And Carbon Neutral Strategy: Relationship And Path, Wenzhi Zhao, Kun Liang, Kun Wang, Shiguo Lin, Zhixin Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

A century of changes combined with the COVID-19 pandemic has sounded the alarm on energy security around the world. How to deeply understand the relationship between energy transition and energy security, and how to explore the path of China's energy security and the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (abbreviated as "dual carbon") strategy have become a major problem. Based on detailed analyses of China's energy consumption predictions and dual carbon strategy requirements, this study proposes:(1) Energy security is the foundation of energy transition. The oil and gas shortage situation in China may persist for a long time. The "dual carbon" …

Theory And Technology Considerations On High-Quality Development Of Coal Main Energy Security In China, Liang Yuan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Coal is the ballast of energy security in China. In order to guarantee the high-quality development of energy security, China strongly supports the innovative development of coal industry. This study systematically summarizes the innovative achievements of China in six aspects, i.e., coal resource exploration technology, coal and gas co-mining theory and technology, typical dynamic disaster risk identification and early warning monitoring technology, integrated mining and intelligent mining technology and equipment, coal high-efficiency and clean utilization and coal-based clean energy high-efficiency conversion technology, coal and new energy multi-energy synergy technology. The study deeply analyzes the current challenges faced in above mentioned …

Forecast Of China’S Economic Growth Rate In 2023 And Policy Suggestions, Xikang Chen, Cuihong Yang, Kunfu Zhu, Huijuan Wang, Xinru Li, Jie Yin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

China's economic growth slowed down in 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding measures. There are great uncertainties in China's economic development in 2023. It is expected that China's medium and long-term economic growth rate will show a wavy downward trend. Based on input-output technology, econometrics, prosperity analysis, expert analysis, and scenario analysis, this study proposes a systematic integrated factor prediction approach on annual GDP growth. Through analysis of China's economic growth in 2022 and the current situation worldwide, China's economic growth rate is predicted to be about 6.0% in 2023, reverting to the normal level. The policy …

Considerations On Deepening Reform Of Science And Technology Management System In New Era, Zhu Huo, Hualun Liu, Delu Tian

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

CPC Central Committee attaches great importance to the reform of science and technology management system (RSTMS). Main tasks of RSTMS that assigned during the "13th Five-Year Plan" (2016-2020) period have been basically completed. The main frame of the science and technology (S&T) management system has been established, and breakthroughs in key fields and points have been achieved. Entering a new stage of development, higher requirements for reform and development in the field of S&T are proposed as the economy and society are developing rapidly, and livelihood is improving with great speed. However, the implementation of RSTMS initiatives is not balanced …

Developing Ecological Security Pattern For Coastal Wetlands Based On “Three-Line Integration” Spatial Strategy, Xiaowen Li, Liehui Zhi, Tiantian Ma, Zengli Liu, Baoshan Cui, Dongdong Shao, Yu Cao, Yonglin Mu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Coastal wetlands function as key socioeconomic resources as well as ecological barriers for sustainable development in coastal regions. Although previous research and practices indicate that restoration of degraded wetlands needs combination with intact natural wetlands to achieve best integrated ecosystem services, this kind of integration is still lacking both in research and practice. In the past decades, increased land reclamation coupling with climate change (e.g. sea level rise) have led considerable coastal squeeze effects and intensified degradation and loss in coastal wetlands along Chinese coastline, restoration of damaged coastal wetlands is therefore urgently needed to enhance the overall ecological functions …

2022 Research Fronts: Development Trends And Key Research Questions In 11 Broad Research Areas, Jiaofeng Pan, Haixia Wang, Fuhai Leng, Feng Zhang, Fan Yang, Jianxia Yuan, Ying Xing, Weiwei Fan, Qiuju Zhou, Wenyue Bian, Chaoxing Zhang, Longguang Huang, Haiming Wang, Lin Han, Ruimin Pei

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In 2022, Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASISD), the National Science Library, CAS, and Clarivate Analytics released their joint report Research Fronts 2022. The report utilized the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) database to do co-citation analysis. The 2022 report started from 12 610 research fronts in ESI and identified a total of 165 research fronts, including hot and emerging specialties spanning 11 broad research areas in sciences and social sciences. With the 165 research fronts and the related core papers and citing papers as the basis for analysis, this study summarized 8 development trends in science …

Mission Of New Energy Under Carbon Neutrality Goal In China, Caineng Zou, Yanpeng Chen, Bo Xiong, Hanlin Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, curbing the global temperature rise, and striving to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality are the initiatives and common pursuit of human beings confronting the climate change crisis. Carbon neutrality is a huge systemic project involving multiple disciplines and fields, and it requires a solid theoretical foundation and scientific methods to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, hence the emergence of carbon neutrality science. The theoretical connotation of carbon neutrality includes two "dynamic balances", namely, the dynamic balance between global carbon emission and carbon absorption, and the dynamic balance between human development and the natural environment, …

Development Opportunities And Technical Challenges Of Industrialization For Hydrogen Production From Bio-Ethanol Reforming, Xue Han, Hong He, Guojun Yue, Hailong Lin, Jinsong Liu, Bin Yu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Bio-ethanol reforming for hydrogen production, using renewable raw materials and adopting mature and efficient chemical processes, is an important source of green hydrogen supply to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Bio-ethanol is a widely used substitute for fossil fuels. With the continuous progress of cellulosic ethanol technology in recent years, bio-ethanol will gradually break through the constraints of starch-based raw material supply. Based on the industrialization achievements of hydrogen production and bio-ethanol, bio-ethanol reforming can realize a rapid linkage with the existing hydrogen energy industry. However, the existence of a carbon-carbon signal bond in ethanol poses …

Image Of China Science On International Social Media Platform—Based On Data From Twitter, Zheng Yang, Hepeng Jia, Yanli Wang, Ting Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the increasingly intensified international competition in science and technology and rapidly development of science and technology in China, the national science image has increasingly become an important part of the whole national image that cannot be ignored. Through the analysis of discussions on Chinese science-related topics on Twitter, the international social media platform, it is found that the Western public's current attention to Chinese science-related topics is not high, while it continues to grow. The discussions around Chinese science-related topics are dominated by a small number of major scientific events, and are obviously guided and controlled by the power …

Shale Oil Development And Utilization And Its Role In Energy Industry, Xusheng Guo, Maowen Li, Mengyun Zhao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Shale oil boom in the United States has catapulted it from an importer of crude oil to a net exporter. Field applications show that both the shift in exploration paradigm from finding traps to targeting resource-rich petroleum source kitchens (i.e., "sweet spots") and the technological innovation represented by horizontal well multi-stage fracturing are among the key factors for the large-scale development of shale oil in the United States. Compared with marine shale oils in North America, China's lacustrine shale oil resources have great potential, but the endowment conditions are not optimal. Early exploration and development experience shows that the adaptive …