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Articles 50161 - 50190 of 713458

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Cognitive Content Specificity Hypothesis In Anxiety And Depression, Krystell Adriana Montalvo Jan 2022

The Cognitive Content Specificity Hypothesis In Anxiety And Depression, Krystell Adriana Montalvo

Theses and Dissertations

In this study, we recruited 400 participants through an online platform and obtained measures of social anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes, and irrational thinking. We tested the cognitive content specificity hypothesis which predicts that anxious symptoms will be more highly correlated to irrational and dysfunctional beliefs with anxious cognitive content, and depressive symptoms would be more highly correlated with depressive cognitive content. The results were mixed, but generally showed that depressive cognitive content was more highly correlated to depressive symptoms, especially in the case of the positive association between irrational thoughts about self-depreciation and depressive symptoms.

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Racial Discrimination And Core Executive Functions, Luke H. Keating Jan 2022

Racial Discrimination And Core Executive Functions, Luke H. Keating

Theses and Dissertations

Researchers have theorized that exposure to racial discrimination may impair executive functioning. The limited existing data broadly support this notion and suggest that discrimination may exert acute and persistent effects on executive functioning, potentially because of the cognitive demands associated with responding to discrimination. However, it is unclear if discrimination is differentially associated with different core executive functions. Further, the effects may vary depending on the timing of exposure, as recent or acute exposure to discrimination may operate on executive functioning through different mechanisms than exposure across the lifetime. The current study evaluates the relations of both recent and lifetime …

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Media Exposure And Effects On Social Cognitions, Adenique Lisse Jan 2022

Media Exposure And Effects On Social Cognitions, Adenique Lisse

Theses and Dissertations

The media, which is comprised of mass media and social media (Bennett, 1982; Carr & Hayes, 2015), is a powerful tool that reflects as well as change’s public opinion and social cognitions (Fan & Pedrycz, 2017; Bandura, 2002). Research posits that Black and Latino individuals are more likely to be portrayed negatively in the media (Dixon, Weeks & Smith, 2019; Dixon et al., 2003; Dixon & Linz, 2000; Dixon, 2017). Thus, media exposures can cultivate real-world stereotypical views of individuals within these ethnic/racial groups (Haft & Zhou, 2021; Han & Budarick, 2018) and shapes individual’s self-view (Tsfati, 2007). White individuals, …

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A Survey Of Practitioner Methods And Decision-Makng In Evaluation Of Diverse Students, Noelle Ferrara Jan 2022

A Survey Of Practitioner Methods And Decision-Makng In Evaluation Of Diverse Students, Noelle Ferrara

Theses and Dissertations

It is estimated by the year 2060, minority students will make up more than 50% of the United States population (Ding, Cho, Wang & Yu, 2019). The importance of correctly identifying and placing students in special education is becoming crucial as the population of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse students (CLD) and English Language Learners (ELL) is increasing. Bilingual school psychologists are few in number across the nation. Moreover, the most significant problem with regard to bilingual assessment is the lack of a set of standards or guidelines by which practitioners can be held responsible for their assessment practices. The Standards …

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A Cognitive-Behavioral Smart Board Program For Youth With Anger, Vanessa Rumie Jan 2022

A Cognitive-Behavioral Smart Board Program For Youth With Anger, Vanessa Rumie

Theses and Dissertations

Society today has vastly integrated technology into every industry, and this is no different for psychotherapy and education. Increasing research supports utilizing technology to deliver Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles. Specifically, current literature supports the use of CBT for students experiencing anger regulation difficulties delivered within the school setting. However, no study has a school-based CBT program for children with anger-related problems delivered via the SMART Board technological platform. Interactive SMART Boards are a technological platform that students of the 21st century are highly familiar with as it has increasingly replaced the traditional black chalkboard in classrooms. As early anger …

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Spatial Thinking And Strategy Use: A New Perspective With Eyetracking Data, Joseph Pontorno Jan 2022

Spatial Thinking And Strategy Use: A New Perspective With Eyetracking Data, Joseph Pontorno

Theses and Dissertations

This paper explores spatial skill level and strategy use on the Paper Folding task using eyetracking data collection methods. Despite the popularity of self-report methods, the current research aims to provide a clearer understanding of how people approach visuospatial tasks. Test performances from 52 undergraduate students at the University of Illinois at Chicago were recorded. A crucial component of this research is how eyetracking hardware and software were used to measure “toggles,” which are the eye movements that participants made across interest areas. Finally, we discuss how toggling relates to strategy use and the different decisions that high and low …

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Preschool Teachers’ Knowledge Of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) As It Relates To Accuracy Of Symptom Identification, Jessica Prizer Jan 2022

Preschool Teachers’ Knowledge Of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) As It Relates To Accuracy Of Symptom Identification, Jessica Prizer

Theses and Dissertations

Although most children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not diagnosed until after four years of age, they can and should be identified much earlier. Given that preschool teachers repeatedly observe children in social contexts, they are in a unique position to aide in the early identification of ASD, which can prompt the initiation of intervention services that mitigate levels of disability. Few studies exist that examine preschool teachers’ knowledge of ASD in the United States and no study to date has researched the relationship between knowledge and accuracy of symptom identification in this population. The current study aimed to …

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An Analysis Of The Relation Between Vocabulary And Emotion Regulation: Toward Developing Problem Identification Tools For The School Setting, Ariella Gettenberg Jan 2022

An Analysis Of The Relation Between Vocabulary And Emotion Regulation: Toward Developing Problem Identification Tools For The School Setting, Ariella Gettenberg

Theses and Dissertations

Previous research suggests that the ability to describe one’s own emotions significantly impacts their overall emotional adjustment. The current study aimed to determine whether the relation between language and emotional adjustment extends beyond emotion vocabulary, to general vocabulary. Participants (n = 181) were administered measures of emotion vocabulary, general vocabulary, and emotional maladjustment. Results indicated that a general vocabulary measure cannot replace an emotional maladjustment measure but may serve as a proxy for emotion vocabulary in predicting mental health outcomes. Statistical analyses revealed that general and emotion vocabulary constructs are most closely related to mental health outcomes in the specific …

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Effective Organizational Structure And Leadership Theory For Homeland Security Organizations, Lowell Dimoff Jan 2022

Effective Organizational Structure And Leadership Theory For Homeland Security Organizations, Lowell Dimoff

Theses and Dissertations

The Department of Homeland (DHS) was borne of the fires of 9/11 and assigned the mission to protect America from terrorism, and what has subsequently grown into a broad range of threats. As evidenced by reports produced by governmental watchdog agencies and academic literature, DHS has been widely criticized for its response to a number of emergencies, and the morale of its workforce remains at or near the bottom of all federal government agencies. Using existing literature and theory as a baseline, this dissertation will examine organizational structure and leadership theory as applied to homeland security organizations through a comparative …

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Does Empathic Anger Motivate People To Act On Pro-Defending Cognitions?, Adir Pinchot Jan 2022

Does Empathic Anger Motivate People To Act On Pro-Defending Cognitions?, Adir Pinchot

Theses and Dissertations

Recent theoretical and empirical work suggests that empathic anger represents a form of anger that motivates bystanders to intervene and defend victims of aggression. Prior research on defending behavior has identified cognitive correlates of defending, but most studies failed to distinguish between different forms of defending and did not evaluate how these cognitions interact with emotions, such as empathic anger, in motivating or inhibiting defending behavior. This study attempted to address these lacunae by analyzing whether empathic anger moderates the associations between cognitions associated with defending (i.e., perspective taking, moral disengagement, and self-efficacy for defending) and different types of defending …

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Emotion Beliefs And Attitudes: Implications For The Stoic View Of Emotions And A Test Of Some Theories Of Psychotherapy, Amanda M. Fisher Jan 2022

Emotion Beliefs And Attitudes: Implications For The Stoic View Of Emotions And A Test Of Some Theories Of Psychotherapy, Amanda M. Fisher

Theses and Dissertations

Traditional CBT and third-wave CBT, namely ACT, are widely used psychotherapy approaches. These psychotherapies have distinct philosophical and theoretical roots and, in turn, emphasize divergent approaches to emotions. The current study explored beliefs about emotions (emotion beliefs) associated with both approaches to psychotherapy, the relationship between emotion beliefs and emotion outcomes, as well as factors that mediate these relationships. Specifically, the study examined correlations between emotion beliefs (emotion controllability beliefs, acceptance of emotions, and emotion control values) and depression, anxiety, and anger. Correlation coefficients were compared to determine significant differences in associations between different emotion beliefs and emotion outcomes. It …

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Mental Health Providers’ Responses To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Aubrey Faber Jan 2022

Mental Health Providers’ Responses To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Aubrey Faber

Theses and Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in closures, increased stressors, and a high need for mental health services. To provide continuity of care and meet the rising need for therapy, mental health providers rapidly transitioned to telehealth. This transition occurred with the support of policy changes and leniency in telehealth guidelines. A survey including participant and client demographic variables, readiness for telehealth, transition time, methods for telehealth practice, and therapist efficacy in-person and via telehealth was created in Qualtrics. It was completed by 79 mental health providers to provide insight into this transition and inform future practice. This study hypothesized that (1) …

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Measuring Irrational Beliefs Among Youth: Development Of The Children’S Irrational Response Checklist, Alexa K. Pata Jan 2022

Measuring Irrational Beliefs Among Youth: Development Of The Children’S Irrational Response Checklist, Alexa K. Pata

Theses and Dissertations

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) are evidenced-based approaches that have been identified as effective for the treatment of psychological disorders among youth (Bernard & Terjesen, 2020). However, although beliefs and cognitions have been shown to be predictive of emotional and behavioral problems in children (Mogoaşe, Podină, et al., 2013), and modifications in cognitions have been shown to be vital for treatment (David et al., 2017), the research and psychometric properties surrounding measures designed to specifically assess irrational beliefs, self-statements, or automatic thoughts in youth are lacking due to theoretical and practical limitations (Terjesen et al., …

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Anger And Intimate Partner Violence In Young Adults: The Role Of Impulsivity, Olga Gulyayeva Fuller Jan 2022

Anger And Intimate Partner Violence In Young Adults: The Role Of Impulsivity, Olga Gulyayeva Fuller

Theses and Dissertations

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread concern that has been associated with a number of negative outcomes, including mental health problems, and is especially prevalent among young adults (Black, 2011; Miller & McCaw, 2019). Anger has been identified as a risk factor for IPV perpetration, however not all instances of anger within a relationship result in the perpetration of IPV (Birkley & Eckhardt, 2015, Baumeister & Boden, 1998). Impulsivity has been proposed as a possible explanation for why some but not all instances of anger lead to aggression (Baumeister & Boden, 1998). Furthermore, some literature has suggested an interaction …

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Therapeutic Alliance And Treatment Outcomes In Clients Of Color At A University-Based Training Clinic, Aimée Baez Jan 2022

Therapeutic Alliance And Treatment Outcomes In Clients Of Color At A University-Based Training Clinic, Aimée Baez

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the differences between diverse and Caucasian clients in their ratings of the therapeutic alliance and therapeutic outcomes. Data were collected from 166 participants from a University-Based training clinic in a metropolitan section in the northeastern, United States. Multiple regression analyses were used to test the relationship between ethnicity and the therapeutic alliance. Treatment outcomes included session frequency, working alliance, motivation to change in treatment, and overall quality of life. Results showed that ethnicity is positively related to working alliance, quality of life, and client’s motivation to treatment. In some cases, ethnicity was confounded by age and/or gender …

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Racial Bias In The Association Of Externalizing Symptoms With Black And White Children: The Development And Application Of An Implicit Association Test, Maura Francis Jan 2022

Racial Bias In The Association Of Externalizing Symptoms With Black And White Children: The Development And Application Of An Implicit Association Test, Maura Francis

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that school and mental health professionals more strongly associate externalizing behaviors with Black children compared to White children. To test this hypothesis, we developed an implicit association test to determine if there was a difference in the reaction times in classifying symptoms as externalizing when the symptoms were paired with the word “Black Child” as opposed to paired with the word “White Child”. In a sample of 54 school and mental health professionals, we found clear evidence in support of our hypothesis. The existence of this implicit bias may explain …

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Social Attention And Memory In Youth With Asd, Adnp Syndrome, And Foxp1 Syndrome, Megan L. Braconnier-Krupa Jan 2022

Social Attention And Memory In Youth With Asd, Adnp Syndrome, And Foxp1 Syndrome, Megan L. Braconnier-Krupa

Theses and Dissertations

The current study used eye tracking and behavioral measures to examine social attention and recognition memory in two rare genetic disorders commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): ADNP syndrome and FOXP1 syndrome. Impairment in social functioning is considered a core deficit in ASD. Although individuals with ADNP syndrome and FOXP1 syndrome typically present with symptoms of ASD, research suggests several dissimilarities in symptom presence and severity between the groups. Thus, there is a need to clarify disorder-specific patterns of social attention and their relationships to observed social skills. A visual paired comparison eye tracking task was used to assess …

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Gender, Attachment Patterns, And Mental Representations Of Parents And Self As Predictors Of Early Adolescents’ Trauma Symptoms, Bryan Blum Jan 2022

Gender, Attachment Patterns, And Mental Representations Of Parents And Self As Predictors Of Early Adolescents’ Trauma Symptoms, Bryan Blum

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Gender, attachment patterns and mental representations of close relationships have not previously been used to predict trauma symptomatology in early adolescents. In this study, 109 eighth grade students ages 12-13 (44% female) were recruited from a private Manhattan middle school for academically advantaged, ethnically diverse students. The study took place over the course of four years, with each new group of participants providing data in September of their eighth grade year. Participants reported on trauma symptoms and the affective valence of their mental representations of self and parents, and school staff reported on participants’ attachment patterns. While boys reported more …

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Family Invalidation And Cognitive Flexibility Within Asian Young Adults, Jennifer Lee Jan 2022

Family Invalidation And Cognitive Flexibility Within Asian Young Adults, Jennifer Lee

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

The concept of the “invalidating environment” is a core construct of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), serving as a defining component of Linehan’s biosocial theory (1993a). In this context, the understanding and practice of validation helps to strengthen the relationship between young adults and their caregivers. Research proposes that invalidation increases emotion dysregulation and impairs cognitive processing ability (Martel and Fuchs, 2017). Cognitive flexibility, which allows individuals to adapt to distressing, changing environments, seems to play an important role in emotion regulation. Cognitive flexibility within Asian children has been studied in the context of family conflict and parental rejection (Ahn, Kim, …

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The Effectiveness Of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy For The Treatment Of Substance Use Problems: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Deena Warshaw Jan 2022

The Effectiveness Of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy For The Treatment Of Substance Use Problems: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Deena Warshaw

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Millions of people worldwide use and misuse psychoactive and alcoholic substances, which can cause a plethora of negative outcomes (WHO, 2018). A handful of studies have researched the efficacy of psychodynamic interventions in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for individuals with substance use problems, with most only examining treatment for specific substances (Crits-Christoph et al.; Imel et al., 2008). These studies are thus limited by their narrow focus on specific substances, and their (between-group comparison) findings have not always been consistent. The present study aims to fill several gaps in the literature, in part by broadening the types of eligible outcome …

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The Raw Material Of Beauty: A Qualitative Study Of Actors' Perceptions Of Creativity And Mental Health, Alexander J. Seife Jan 2022

The Raw Material Of Beauty: A Qualitative Study Of Actors' Perceptions Of Creativity And Mental Health, Alexander J. Seife

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

The following qualitative study aims to further the literature's understanding of actors' attitudes regarding the connection between mental health and creativity. Generally, there has been a one-way relationship between the field of psychology and acting, in that actors have utilized the field of psychology to inform character development, while scare psychological research has been completed with actors as a sample. For this study, 12 professional New York-based actors, ages 22-56, participated in individual interviews with the principal investigator via on-line video conferencing. Interviews were conducted in order to: (a) better understand actors' beliefs about the relationship between creativity and mental …

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Data Science: A Study From The Scientometric, Curricular, And Altmetric Perspectives, Michael Joseph King Jan 2022

Data Science: A Study From The Scientometric, Curricular, And Altmetric Perspectives, Michael Joseph King

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

This research explores the emerging field of data science from the scientometric, curricular, and altmetric perspectives and addresses the following six research questions: 1. What are the scientometric features of the data science field? 2. What are the contributing fields to the establishment of data science? 3. What are the major research areas of the data science discipline? 4. What are the salient topics taught in the data science curriculum? 5. What topics appear in the Twitter-sphere regarding data science? 6. What can be learned about data science from the scientometric, curricular, and altmetric analyses of the data collected? Using …

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Applying Dialectical Behavior Therapy To Latinx Youth Experiencing Deportation Stress: A Critical Literature Review And Culturally Congruent Application, Desiree Curcio Jan 2022

Applying Dialectical Behavior Therapy To Latinx Youth Experiencing Deportation Stress: A Critical Literature Review And Culturally Congruent Application, Desiree Curcio

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Deportation policies from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) have harmful effects on the mental health of immigrant families in the US. These effects can be experienced at multiple points such as living in fear of deportation, undergoing ICE raids, becoming detained, or being deported. The children that witness these experiences of deportation within their families are impacted substantially. Some of the psychological effects of having a parent deported or detained can include internalizing and externalizing problems, attention difficulties, emotional and behavioral changes, interpersonal conflict, and feeling like a burden. While the impacts of deportation on youth are highlighted in the …

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Mortality Salience In Therapists: Sudden Death Of A Patient - An Exploratory Study, Amanda Oliva Jan 2022

Mortality Salience In Therapists: Sudden Death Of A Patient - An Exploratory Study, Amanda Oliva

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

The purpose of this qualitative research study is to explore therapists’ experiences of the sudden passing of their patient. In particular, the researcher aims to explore the internal and external experiences of the therapist’s grief, as well as implications for training and professional life. Seventeen psychotherapists, ranging in professional training, aged 30 to 80, who lived in several states across the country, participated in individual interviews with the principal investigator via online video conferencing. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed, according to the qualitative research method of Auerbach and Silverstein (2003), to extrapolate themes and theoretical constructs from their anecdotal …

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Let Go And Let Grow: An Assessment Of A School And Community-Based Intervention Encouraging Independence In Children, Mary Elsharouny Jan 2022

Let Go And Let Grow: An Assessment Of A School And Community-Based Intervention Encouraging Independence In Children, Mary Elsharouny

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Overinvolved parenting is on the rise, despite its association with negative outcomes for children (Twenge, 2017; American Psychological Association (APA), 2019; Segrin et al., 2013). Its emerging counterpart, free-range parenting, urges parents to offer their children more independence and less supervision (Skenazy, 2009). However, no quantitative, peer-reviewed research has been conducted on the effects of independent task engagement on children’s independence and resilience. The present study evaluated the effects of The Let Grow Project (Skenazy, 2018), a school-based intervention aimed at increasing resilience and independence in children by assigning homework to engage in tasks independently. Children completed measures of independence, …

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Data Analytics For Crisis Management: A Case Study Of Sharing Economy Services In The Covid-19 Pandemic, Bahri Haciibrahimoglu Jan 2022

Data Analytics For Crisis Management: A Case Study Of Sharing Economy Services In The Covid-19 Pandemic, Bahri Haciibrahimoglu

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

This dissertation study aims to analyze the role of data-driven decision-making in sharing economy during the COVID-19 pandemic as a crisis management tool. In the twenty-first century, when applying analytical tools has become an essential component of business decision-making, including operations on crisis management, data analytics is an emerging field. To carry out corporate strategies, data-driven decision-making is seen as a crucial component of business operations. Data analytics can be applied to benefit-cost evaluations, strategy planning, client engagement, and service quality. Data forecasting can also be used to keep an eye on business operations and foresee potential risks. Risk Management …

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The Horned Dilemma: Toward A Moral Typology Of Psychopathology, William Rung Jan 2022

The Horned Dilemma: Toward A Moral Typology Of Psychopathology, William Rung

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

This dissertation conceptualizes the psychopathological implications of morality and moral reasoning. In the process several theoretical and practical concerns salient to the field of clinical psychology will be addressed. It is my contention that certain symptom presentations - depression, obsessive-compulsive, dissociative, and psychotic - may be conceptualized as disturbances in the self through the mechanism of dissociation, based upon fundamental incongruities between traditional moral values and human nature. I present this thesis, beginning with an introduction to its underlying premises and followed by an examination of the place and standing of morality within the field of psychology. The development of …

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To See Or Not To See - Clinical Implications Of Black Women’S Experiences Of Invisibility And Hypervisibility In Psychology Doctoral Training Programs: A Qualitative Study, Angelique Evanna Romulus Jan 2022

To See Or Not To See - Clinical Implications Of Black Women’S Experiences Of Invisibility And Hypervisibility In Psychology Doctoral Training Programs: A Qualitative Study, Angelique Evanna Romulus

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

It has previously been documented that, in psychology doctoral programs, Black women are considered hypervisible due to their distinctiveness and “otherness” (Ryland, 2013) and that this “otherness” is compounded by their intersecting identities as non-prototypical women and Black people (Hancock, 2007). Simultaneously, Black women can also be rendered invisible, or viewed as not belonging to, either of their two subordinate groups due to their non-prototypical status in each group (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008). As a result of their visibility, Black women are often subjected to higher levels of scrutiny and discrimination (Wilkins-Yel, Hyman, & Zounlome, 2019). Given that experiences of …

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Parental Emotion Regulation And The Socialization Of Emotion: The Role Of Effortful Control, Lindsay Jones Farmer Jan 2022

Parental Emotion Regulation And The Socialization Of Emotion: The Role Of Effortful Control, Lindsay Jones Farmer

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Research and theory have indicated the importance of parental emotion socialization behaviors on children’s developing emotional competence. Less attention has been given to factors that influence parent emotion socialization behaviors. The current study sought to build upon emerging research on the impact of parents’ self-regulatory capacities on their emotion socializing behaviors, in particular their responses to child negative emotionality. It explored the relationships between emotion regulation, effortful control, and responses to child negative affect in a sample of parents of 3- to 8-year-old children (N = 528). As expected, parent emotion dysregulation was significantly negatively related to parent effortful control. …

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The Conspiracy Of Silence: Family Communication Effects On Interpersonal Functioning And Differentiation Of Self In Children And Grandchildren Of Holocaust Survivors, Sara Jessica Kaplan Jan 2022

The Conspiracy Of Silence: Family Communication Effects On Interpersonal Functioning And Differentiation Of Self In Children And Grandchildren Of Holocaust Survivors, Sara Jessica Kaplan

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Findings have been inconsistent regarding the existence of intergenerational transmission of trauma in offspring of Holocaust survivors (OHS) and grandchildren of Holocaust Survivors (GHS). Some studies have indeed found that OHS have more psychosocial problems than their counterparts with no family members in the Holocaust (e.g., Scharf, 2007), while others have not found any differences (e.g., Sagi-Schwartz et al., 2003). One reason for these mixed findings is the quantity and quality of communication on the part of the Holocaust survivor within their families about their trauma (e.g., Danieli et al., 2017). Another reason for the inconsistent findings is that much …

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