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Articles 11101 - 11130 of 302419

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Effects Of Plant Species Diversity In Multifunctional Grasslands On Avian Communities, K. K. Bakker, K. F. Higgins Aug 2023

Effects Of Plant Species Diversity In Multifunctional Grasslands On Avian Communities, K. K. Bakker, K. F. Higgins

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Grasslands, planted or native sod, can provide multiple simultaneous functions (e.g., hay-forage production, biomass fuel products, bird nesting cover, soil and water conservation). Bird use of and abundance in grasslands is dependent on vegetation structure, size, and surrounding landscape (Bakker et al., 2002) but little is known about avian relationships to plant species diversity. We evaluated the relationship between plant species diversity and avian community structure in 5 grassland types. The results have application to grazing, haying, burning, and conservation practices applied to native and sown grassland stands and to conservation strategies for declining grassland bird populations.

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Diversity And Adaptation Of Perennial Plants From North Africa: Legumes And Grasses, Aissa Abdelguerfi, M. Laouar, K. Abbas, M. M'Hammedi Bouzina Aug 2023

Diversity And Adaptation Of Perennial Plants From North Africa: Legumes And Grasses, Aissa Abdelguerfi, M. Laouar, K. Abbas, M. M'Hammedi Bouzina

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A variety of climates, soil types and reliefs characterise North Africa (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia). These natural conditions have produced a large diversity of environments, landscapes, plant formations and flora. Several factors have contributed to the spread of a wide floristic variety: the influence of the Mediterranean in the north and in the north-east, the Atlantic in the west, and the Sahara in the south, as well as the presence of mountain ranges, particularly the Rif, the Tell Atlas, the Sahara Atlas, the Middle Atlas, the High Atlas, and the Anti-Atlas. This diversity of landscapes, environments and ecosystems has generated …

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Comparison Of Compositional Changes In Multi-Species Grass/Legume Mixture Experiments Across Three Nordic Countries (Iceland, Sweden And Finland) Over Two Years, Caroline Brophy, Anne-Maj Gustavsson, A. Helgadottir, Oiva Nissinen, J. Connolly Aug 2023

Comparison Of Compositional Changes In Multi-Species Grass/Legume Mixture Experiments Across Three Nordic Countries (Iceland, Sweden And Finland) Over Two Years, Caroline Brophy, Anne-Maj Gustavsson, A. Helgadottir, Oiva Nissinen, J. Connolly

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A multi-site experiment was established at 39 sites across Europe, Australia and Canada within COST Action 852 to: (1) assess the benefits of grass/legume mixtures over monocultures, (2) test the stability of mixtures and (3) evaluate the consistency of the observed patterns over broad environmental gradients. This paper compares the results from 3 Nordic sites using the same plant species: Korpa Experimental Station in Iceland, Lapland Research Station in Finland and Piteå in Sweden to investigate if compositional changes in mixtures are consistent across the sites.

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Site Effects On The Composition Of Multi-Species Grass/Legume Mixtures During Sward Establishment, Rosemary P. Collins, M. Fothergill, John Connolly Aug 2023

Site Effects On The Composition Of Multi-Species Grass/Legume Mixtures During Sward Establishment, Rosemary P. Collins, M. Fothergill, John Connolly

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Under the auspices of COST Action 852, a multi-site experiment investigated issues of community structure, function and their interrelationships in multi-species grass/legume mixtures (Collins et al., 2004; Sebastià et al., 2004). We describe the effects of 2 contrasting sites on forage yield and species composition during sward establishment.

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Unplanned Fires And Sustainability Of A Semi-Arid Rangeland In South Africa, Hennie A. Snyman Aug 2023

Unplanned Fires And Sustainability Of A Semi-Arid Rangeland In South Africa, Hennie A. Snyman

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Whether due to lightning or human negligence, large-scale unplanned fires affect large areas of the semi-arid southern African rangelands during the dormant winter (June-August) period (Everson 1999). These fires cause enormous fodder flow problems, and also influence ecosystem functioning (Snyman 2003). The short-term impact (2 years) of an unplanned fire on the sensitivity of above- and belowground productivity of a semi-arid rangeland was therefore investigated.

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Effects Of Burning On Grassland Vegetation Cover On The Northeastern Side Of The Alborz Ranges In Iran, F. Amiri, M. R. Chaichi, A. Atrakchali Aug 2023

Effects Of Burning On Grassland Vegetation Cover On The Northeastern Side Of The Alborz Ranges In Iran, F. Amiri, M. R. Chaichi, A. Atrakchali

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Golestan National Park is located on the northeastern side of the Alborz ranges, Golestan province, Iran. Because of the special vegetation cover and being located close to two wet and dry weather areas, this park is vulnerable to fire hazards. Between 1957 and 2004 more than 67 fires have been reported in the park. The international importance of the park requires a careful study on fire effects on vegetation cover, phytomass production, grass diversity and successional process after fires.

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The Influence Of Tree Thinning And Subhabitat Differentiation On Panicum Maximum And Urochloa Mosambicensis Of A Bush Encroached Semi-Arid Savanna In South Africa, G. N. Smit Aug 2023

The Influence Of Tree Thinning And Subhabitat Differentiation On Panicum Maximum And Urochloa Mosambicensis Of A Bush Encroached Semi-Arid Savanna In South Africa, G. N. Smit

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The productivity of grasses is most important for herbivores in extensive semi-arid savannas. In these areas an increase in woody plant abundance, commonly referred to as bush encroachment, suppresses grasses. This is the main reason why landowners often consider thinning or even total clearing of all woody plants. The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of different intensities of tree thinning and subhabitat differentiation on the grass layer of a semi-arid South African savanna.

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The Effect Of Different Utilisation Methods On Composition Of Semi-Natural Grassland, J. Jančovič, L'. Vozár, L'. Jančovičová Aug 2023

The Effect Of Different Utilisation Methods On Composition Of Semi-Natural Grassland, J. Jančovič, L'. Vozár, L'. Jančovičová

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

There has been much research on application of mineral fertilisers to permanent grasslands to maximise production of above-ground phytomass (Folkman & Jančovič 1990), but the changes arising after exclusion of fertilisers have not been studied in Slovak Republic up to now despite current interest in low input ststems. This paper reports on the effects of cessation of fertiliser inputs for an eight-year period.

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Impact Of The Agricultural Use On The Biodiversity Of A Festuca Rubra Meadow, I. Rotar, F. Păcirar, R. Vidican, N. Sima Aug 2023

Impact Of The Agricultural Use On The Biodiversity Of A Festuca Rubra Meadow, I. Rotar, F. Păcirar, R. Vidican, N. Sima

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Technological inputs into meadow ecosystems trigger significant changes in the sward. In this paper we present the effect of organic and mineral fertilisation on the biodiversity of a Festuca rubra meadow.

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Long-Term Effect Of Levels Of N-, P-, K-Supply On The Shannon-Index For Two Pastures Located In Central Germany, Judith F. Oerlemans, W. Opitz Von Boberfeld Aug 2023

Long-Term Effect Of Levels Of N-, P-, K-Supply On The Shannon-Index For Two Pastures Located In Central Germany, Judith F. Oerlemans, W. Opitz Von Boberfeld

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Intensive grassland production, including the use of mineral fertilisers, has degraded the botanical diversity of grassland communities seriously (Chapman, 2001). There is little information on optimal amounts of soil nutrient availability to maintain/regenerate species-rich grassland communities. This study in Central Germany aimed to quantify the long-term effect of different N-, P-, K-supply combinations on biodiversity, expressed in terms of the Shannon-Index (Sh-Id), of 2 pastures classified as Lolio-Cynosuretum.

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The Effect Of Npk Fertilisation On Structure And Species Composition Of Grasslands, Frantisek Hrabě, Jiří Skládanka Aug 2023

The Effect Of Npk Fertilisation On Structure And Species Composition Of Grasslands, Frantisek Hrabě, Jiří Skládanka

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Long-term research into the effect of N+PK nutrition enables an objective evaluation of the trend and rate of succession and a prediction of changes including production development in permanent grassland (Hrabě et al., 1991). Former research (Hrabě & Halva, 1993) and evaluation within an eco-system concept (Rychnovská et al., 1994) demonstrated marked changes in the species composition of grass communities with the application of N+PK fertilisation that did not correspond to the sward type and site conditions.

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Effect Of Aspect And Animal Movement On A Temperate Mountain Grassland Structure, Sorkunde Mendarte, I. Amezaga, Isabel Albizu, A. Ibarra, Iker Mijangos, M. Onaindia Aug 2023

Effect Of Aspect And Animal Movement On A Temperate Mountain Grassland Structure, Sorkunde Mendarte, I. Amezaga, Isabel Albizu, A. Ibarra, Iker Mijangos, M. Onaindia

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Mountain pasture systems are maintained by the combination of physical and environmental factors and human activity leading to highly complex ecosystems (Watkinson & Ormerod 2000). Differences between pastures are usually due to physical conditions and animal pressure (Fynn & O´Connor 2000). In extensive livestock production systems in the Basque Country (northern Spain), livestock graze in mountain pastures from May until October. This study examined the effect of aspect and animal movement on grassland structure.

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Plant Functional Types And Grazing Management In Mediterranean Grassland: An 11-Year Synthesis, Marcelo Sternberg, Zalmen Henkin, Avi Perevolotsky, M. Gutman, Eugene D. Ungar Aug 2023

Plant Functional Types And Grazing Management In Mediterranean Grassland: An 11-Year Synthesis, Marcelo Sternberg, Zalmen Henkin, Avi Perevolotsky, M. Gutman, Eugene D. Ungar

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Mediterranean ecosystems have high seasonality in resource availability, high year-to-year rainfall variability, many annual plants in the forage and a long history of grazing and disturbance. These facts, and results of previous studies (Sternberg et al., 2000) suggested that stocking rates could be increased above those of traditional grazing. However, the long-term effects of intensive grazing on the vegetation were not fully known. This study aimed to evaluate the responses of plant functional types (PFT) and community structure to different regimes of cattle grazing in Mediterranean grassland, particularly at high stocking rates.

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Floristic Composition And Species Richness Model In Winter Rangelands Of Northeastern Iran, Anahita Rashtian, Mansour Mesdaghi Aug 2023

Floristic Composition And Species Richness Model In Winter Rangelands Of Northeastern Iran, Anahita Rashtian, Mansour Mesdaghi

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Due to the variable annual rainfall, the plant communities of rangelands in northeastern of Iran are fluctuating and the productivity is highly variable. This ecosystem covers about 500,000 ha and is one of the important winter ranges in Iran. In this fluctuating ecosystem, species diversity and floristic composition are changing annually (Pabot, 1967). Under heavy grazing most of the range species were extinct, but under light and moderate grazing, species richness was improved, fitting with the humped-back model (Wilkinson, 1999). The objectives of this research were 1) to determine floristic composition in three vegetation types and 2) to show the …

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Long-Term Trends Of Community Structures In Tall Grassland Vegetation Under Three Treatments In Northeastern Japan, M. Tsutsumi, S. Sakanoue, S. Takahashi, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Saito, S. Itano Aug 2023

Long-Term Trends Of Community Structures In Tall Grassland Vegetation Under Three Treatments In Northeastern Japan, M. Tsutsumi, S. Sakanoue, S. Takahashi, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Saito, S. Itano

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In order to acquire fundamental knowledge on sustainable use and conservation of grasslands in an Asian monsoon climate, we have investigated since 1982 the vegetation of typical Japanese tall-grass, Miscanthus sinensis (Japanese plume-grass) dominant grassland. Three treatments, cattle-grazing, cutting and abandoning were carried out at the study site. We report the results of this research here, in particular focusing on the analysis of the changes in community structure and the influence of different utilization.

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Is Biodiversity Declining In The Traditional Haymeadows Of Skye And Lochalsh, Scotland?, G. E. D. Tiley, D. G. L. Jones Aug 2023

Is Biodiversity Declining In The Traditional Haymeadows Of Skye And Lochalsh, Scotland?, G. E. D. Tiley, D. G. L. Jones

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Species-rich haymeadows have developed on crofts in the Isle of Skye and Lochalsh Districts of north-west Scotland as a result of a century or more of traditional land use. This has involved long rotations of late cutting for hay with aftermath grazing by cattle and short breaks for cropping. The traditional haymeadows are increasingly coming under threat from changes taking place in the countryside. A survey of the main haymeadows still remaining in Skye and Lochalsh was carried out during 2003 to assess the current botanical composition, management and conservation value, and to compare with earlier surveys.

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Development Of Saline Vegetation On Embanked Grasslands At The Baltic Sea Coast After 10 Years Of Extensive Pasture Use, Renate Bockholt, S. Schmitz, S. Noel Aug 2023

Development Of Saline Vegetation On Embanked Grasslands At The Baltic Sea Coast After 10 Years Of Extensive Pasture Use, Renate Bockholt, S. Schmitz, S. Noel

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Since the establishment of the National Park "Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft" in 1992, the objective has been the restoration the grasslands, which was used intensively before. The soil type is a fine- sand gley. Management of embanked grasslands has been changed into extensive management. Fertilisation, renewal of the sward and water control by drainage have been stopped. Instead of the previous use of cutting for silage, mother cows (1 cattle/ ha) were grazing the areas extensively.

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Extensive Management Of Sheep Grazing In Upland Sown Grassland: Long-Term Effects On Plant Species Composition, C. A. Marriott, G. T. Barthram, T. G. Common, J. H. Griffiths, J. M. Fisher, K. Hood Aug 2023

Extensive Management Of Sheep Grazing In Upland Sown Grassland: Long-Term Effects On Plant Species Composition, C. A. Marriott, G. T. Barthram, T. G. Common, J. H. Griffiths, J. M. Fisher, K. Hood

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Changes in the Common Agricultural Policy have led to the development of agri-environment schemes to deliver environmental goods from grasslands. These schemes encourage more extensive grazing systems, and change the emphasis from animal output to issues such as increasing biodiversity. Lower stocking densities are expected to promote the development of a heterogeneous habitat and associated compositional changes in plant species. The long-term effect of more extensive sheep management, combining cessation of fertiliser and lower grazing intensity, on botanical composition and animal output in upland sown grassland has been studied at 3 sites (Marriott et al., 2002) since 1990. We …

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Grazing, Biodiversity And Pastoral Vegetation In The South Sudanien Area Of Burkina Faso, E. Botoni-Liehoun, P. Daget Aug 2023

Grazing, Biodiversity And Pastoral Vegetation In The South Sudanien Area Of Burkina Faso, E. Botoni-Liehoun, P. Daget

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Grazing impact on plant diversity is dominated by two contradictory views. In some studies, it has been found to lead to an increase in diversity and in other studies to a decrease associated with dominance of a few species (Nösberger et al, 1998, Hiernaux, 1998). In an Isoberlinia doka forest ecosystem, considered as the climax vegetation in the South Sudanien area of Burkina Faso, a study was carried out to assess the impact of grazing on the diversity of herbaceous species. The Isoberlinia doka forest is one type of South Sudaniensavanna. The woody stratum is open and allowed development …

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The Effect Of Grazing On Rare And Common Grasses And Forbs In The Mediterranean Coastal Desert Of Egypt, A. El-Keblawy, A. Ramadan Aug 2023

The Effect Of Grazing On Rare And Common Grasses And Forbs In The Mediterranean Coastal Desert Of Egypt, A. El-Keblawy, A. Ramadan

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Large parts of the rangelands in the Arab countries are either overgrazed or gradually deteriorating due to large numbers of livestock and unrestricted grazing (Assaeed, 1997). Protection of vegetation against grazing in desert environments has been suggested as a feasible approach to halting land degradation and rehabilitating rangelands (El-Keblawy, 2003). However, little is known about the response of different plant life forms and life cycles to grazing. The objectives of this study were to address this point and to test the response of rare and common forbs and grasses to protection against grazing.

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Plant Species Richness At Three Levels Of Range Potential In Semi-Steppe Vegetation Of Iran, Mansour Mesdaghi Aug 2023

Plant Species Richness At Three Levels Of Range Potential In Semi-Steppe Vegetation Of Iran, Mansour Mesdaghi

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Semi-steppe vegetation with a mean annual precipitation of 250 mm covers 18.5% of Iran (Pabot, 1967). Under full protection, bunch grasses are dominant in this grassland ecosystem. Golestan National Park, (100,000 ha), is representative of this semi-steppe vegetation zone. It has been protected for 40 years and can be considered as a reference area (RA) of semi-steppe vegetation. Under moderate grazing the The Gorokhoud Protected Area acts as a buffer zone to the National Park, with grazing based on permits issued by the Range and Forest Organisation. Parts of the protected area can be considered as a key area (KA), …

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Plant Community Structure Of Midland Grassland Of The Flooding Pampa In Relation To Grazing Management, Adriana M. Rodríguez, E. J. Jacobo, V. A. Deregibus Aug 2023

Plant Community Structure Of Midland Grassland Of The Flooding Pampa In Relation To Grazing Management, Adriana M. Rodríguez, E. J. Jacobo, V. A. Deregibus

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The impact of grazing on plant community structure and ecosystem functioning is a key issue for range management. Although excessive grazing may often lead to land degradation and loss of biodiversity, maximisation of livestock production requires high stocking rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of intermittent grazing to improve the condition of midland grassland in Flooding Pampa. We compared the responses of functional groups and the changes of species diversity of the plant community over three years under intermittent and continuous grazing regimes.

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Overgrazing Influence On The Presence Of Legumes In A Natural Pasture Of Sardinia, L. Salis, M. Vargiu, E. Spanu, F. Loche Aug 2023

Overgrazing Influence On The Presence Of Legumes In A Natural Pasture Of Sardinia, L. Salis, M. Vargiu, E. Spanu, F. Loche

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The knowledge of forage production and botanical composition in natural pasture is essential to plan forage crop systems. Floristic balance often changes due to overgrazing, which affects forage quality and causes the disappearance of less competitive and more palatable species. This trial aimed to evaluate the forage yield in a natural pasture and to verify the effect on botanical composition of overgrazing by dairy ewes.

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Changes In Floristic Diversity Associated With Sheep Grazing Management On A Karst Pasture, Matej Vidrih, F. Batič, K. Eler Aug 2023

Changes In Floristic Diversity Associated With Sheep Grazing Management On A Karst Pasture, Matej Vidrih, F. Batič, K. Eler

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Greater plant diversity, richness and lower primary production are more characteristic for karst (calcareous) pastures than for lowland grassland. In relation to the level of animal grazing required, light and moderate levels are usually most appropriate (Hart, 2001). From the conservation point of view grazing intensity should be variable between sites, and between parts of large sites, and timed to provide for the requirements of different species in different seasons (Dolek & Geyer, 2002).

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Forage Legume Persistence In Mixtures With Native And Introduced Grasses At A Semiarid Location On The Canadian Prairies, P. G. Jefferson, A. D. Iwaasa, Michael P. Schellenberg Aug 2023

Forage Legume Persistence In Mixtures With Native And Introduced Grasses At A Semiarid Location On The Canadian Prairies, P. G. Jefferson, A. D. Iwaasa, Michael P. Schellenberg

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Cultivars of native grass species with adequate nutritive value for summer and early fall grazing by beef cattle are becoming available for seeding in the Canadian prairie region (Jefferson et al. 2004). Mixing native grass species with introduced legumes could improve forage quality but little information is available on legume persistence with these species. This experiment aimed to determine the persistence of 3 forage legumes when seeded with 3 native grasses compared to 3 introduced grasses.

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Floristic Composition As A Parameter Of The Quality Of The Grassland Type Festucetum Vallesacae In Thestara Planina Hilly-Mountainous Region Of Serbia, Z. Nesic, Z. Tomic, S. Mrfat-Vukelic, M. Zujovic, I. Djalovic, S. Djordjevic Aug 2023

Floristic Composition As A Parameter Of The Quality Of The Grassland Type Festucetum Vallesacae In Thestara Planina Hilly-Mountainous Region Of Serbia, Z. Nesic, Z. Tomic, S. Mrfat-Vukelic, M. Zujovic, I. Djalovic, S. Djordjevic

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

With the increase of sea level and changes of climatic conditions, the possibilities for growing cultivated forages decreases. Therefore natural grasslands will become more important in relation to livestock nutrition. This will increase the importance of the nutritive value of these natural grasslands that have very diverse and dynamic floristic composition. The quality of the grassland depends on species categorised as grasses, legumes and other species. Other species were often regarded as harmful in regard to quality, however, they often contain many medicinal and stimulating substances that may have beneficial effects on animals and on the quality of animal products …

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Floristic Composition As Parameter Of Quality Of Ass. Agrostietum Vulgaris, Z. Tomic, S. Mrfat-Vukelic, Z. Nesic, M. Zujovic, S. Djordjevic-Milosevic Aug 2023

Floristic Composition As Parameter Of Quality Of Ass. Agrostietum Vulgaris, Z. Tomic, S. Mrfat-Vukelic, Z. Nesic, M. Zujovic, S. Djordjevic-Milosevic

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In hilly-mountainous region of Serbia, meadows and pastures are the main sourcees of roughage feeds and grazing for ruminants. On Stara Planina mountain, in SE Serbia, meadows and pastures with different plant associations and a wide range of species of differing nutritional value predominate. Until the 1930s, and even until now, only species of the grass family and leguminous plants were desired and all other plants were considered worthless or harmful Klapp (1986). The main criteria to evaluate whether a meadow plant species is a weed are: is it poisonous?; is it suitable for consumption by domestic animals as regards …

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Forage And Livestock Productivity On Pastures Of Differing Plant Diversity, B. F. Tracy Aug 2023

Forage And Livestock Productivity On Pastures Of Differing Plant Diversity, B. F. Tracy

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Plant diversity and its function in grassland ecosystems has been the focus of many recent studies, and debate, in the ecological literature (Wardle 1999, Loreau and Hector 2001). We know less about the role of plant diversity in pastures used solely for agricultural production (Sanderson et al. 2004). The objective of this study was to learn how pastures planted with increasing levels of plant diversity would affect forage yields and beef cattle performance.

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Effect Of Acacia Caven On The Productivity And Botanical Composition Of Low-Rainfall Mediterranean Grassland In Central Chile, D. Troncoso, N. Farías, R. Franco Aug 2023

Effect Of Acacia Caven On The Productivity And Botanical Composition Of Low-Rainfall Mediterranean Grassland In Central Chile, D. Troncoso, N. Farías, R. Franco

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The dryland of central Chile (33° to 38° S) presents a Mediterranean-type climate. Typical local grassland is characterised by multiple annual herbaceous species, which coexist with the small tree Acacia caven, covering up to 3 m hectares. Over the past 100 years, the main use of this land has been for charcoal production from trees and uncontrolled grazing by sheep and cattle in rotation with wheat. Previous research has reported that Acacia caven can improve grassland condition (Olivares et al, 2000). The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of Acacia caven on productivity and botanical …

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The Relationship Between Species Diversity And Productivity Of Cool-Season Grassland, S. E. Florine, Kenneth J. Moore, Steven L. Fales, R. L. Hintz Aug 2023

The Relationship Between Species Diversity And Productivity Of Cool-Season Grassland, S. E. Florine, Kenneth J. Moore, Steven L. Fales, R. L. Hintz

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Iowa grasslands consist mainly of introduced cool-season grasses and forbs. Many of these species are well adapted and have become naturalised. Most of these grasslands are located on marginal sites with heterogeneous soils and topography. Consequently, there is significant variation in the botanical composition and biomass productivity within and across grassland sites. This experiment aimed to evaluate the botanical composition and biomass productivity of representative grasslands and to determine if there was a relationship between grassland species diversity and biomass production across sites.

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