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Articles 13021 - 13050 of 302422
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Feeding Value Of Silage Made From Peas Grown Alone Or In Mixture With Cereals, A. Kirilov
The Feeding Value Of Silage Made From Peas Grown Alone Or In Mixture With Cereals, A. Kirilov
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The interest in pea as a forage crop rich in protein does not decrease. In areas frequent summer drought pea (Pisum sativum) as a whole plant for forage gives assured yield and may be used for zero grazing, hay or silage. The winter varieties use winter-spring soil moisture better and give higher yield than the spring varieties, but they lodge, so it is necessary to sow them with supporting cereal crops to increase lodging resistance. The objective of the study was to compare the intake, digestibility, energy value and quality index of two wilted silage made from winter …
Annual Legumes As An Alternative For Animal Feeding In Cuba, María Felicia Díaz, C. Padilla, E. Lon Wo, M. Castro, R. S. Herrera, R. O. Martínez
Annual Legumes As An Alternative For Animal Feeding In Cuba, María Felicia Díaz, C. Padilla, E. Lon Wo, M. Castro, R. S. Herrera, R. O. Martínez
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Studies conducted in Cuba have demonstrated the importance of the agronomic and nutritional performance of the species Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Canavalia ensiformis (jackbean), Stizolobium niveum (mucuna), Lablab purpureus (dolicho) and Glycine max (soybean) as feed sources for non-ruminant species. Under Cuban tropical conditions, and with minimum agricultural inputs, jackbean, dolicho and mucuna have attained forage yields between 4 and 6 t dry matter (DM)/ha and grain yields between 2.57 and 3.41 t/ha and cowpea and soybean have given yields of between 1 and 2 t/ha (Díaz 2000). This study was carried out to determine the chemical composition of grains and …
Relative Yields And Nutritive Value Of Whole Crop Rice Harvested On Four Successive Dates For Forage In Korea, Jong-Geun Kim, Y. C. Lim, E. S. Chung, S. H. Yoon, S. Seo, M. J. Kim
Relative Yields And Nutritive Value Of Whole Crop Rice Harvested On Four Successive Dates For Forage In Korea, Jong-Geun Kim, Y. C. Lim, E. S. Chung, S. H. Yoon, S. Seo, M. J. Kim
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
About four million tons of forages are fed to ruminants in Korea, but half of them rely on rice straw as roughage and 0.6 million tons of forage was imported. The lack of forage results in increased imports of concentrate feeds and increased production cost. Now, Korea has about 1.1 million ha of rice fields, but as a consequence of world trade negotiation, Korea will open the rice market from next year. It is expected that due to aging farmers and lower rice price, about 0.2 million ha of paddy field will not be cultivated for grain rice. Therefore, we …
Nutritional Evaluation Of Banana Peelings From The Various Banana Varieties In Different Regions Of Uganda, J. Nambi-Kasozi, Elly N. Sabiiti, F. B. Bareeba, E. Sporndly
Nutritional Evaluation Of Banana Peelings From The Various Banana Varieties In Different Regions Of Uganda, J. Nambi-Kasozi, Elly N. Sabiiti, F. B. Bareeba, E. Sporndly
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In Uganda, peri-urban agriculture is very important in sustaining livelihoods of the increasing population in urban and peri-urban (U & PU) areas. However, this form of agriculture has a number of problems, feed shortage being the most important. The agricultural produce brought in from the rural areas is marketed in raw form hence increasing the crop wastes in the market areas. The crop wastes, if properly sorted, can serve as alternative feeds for the animals kept in the U & PU areas. Banana (Musa spp) peelings (BP) constitute the largest proportion of all the crop wastes in most …
Effect Of Intensity Of Grassland Management On Chemical Composition And Content Of Structural Saccharides In Forage, Jan Pozdíšek, P. Mičová, M. Svozilová, A. Kohoutek
Effect Of Intensity Of Grassland Management On Chemical Composition And Content Of Structural Saccharides In Forage, Jan Pozdíšek, P. Mičová, M. Svozilová, A. Kohoutek
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Forage quality has a crucial effect on animal performance and on grassland management. This paper contributed information on the effects of different methods of grassland utilisation in the Czech Republic.
Changes In Grass Quality Of Coastal Meadows In Estonia, Tiina Köster, Karin Kauer, R. Viiralt, A. Selge
Changes In Grass Quality Of Coastal Meadows In Estonia, Tiina Köster, Karin Kauer, R. Viiralt, A. Selge
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In Estonia the reason for reduction in coastal meadows and expansion of the stands of the common reed (Phragmites australis) is the discontinuation of traditional use of grasslands which were previously grazed and cut. Phragmites australis usually produces dense and monospecific stands at the waterline, where species richness is low. It can survive in ungrazed shore meadows, but it suffers from grazing (Tyler, 1969). The investigated Phragmitetum australis association had been influenced by grazing activities, but it remained rather sparse and due to that had relatively low productivity, reaching 3.11 t DM/ha. Traditionally coastal meadows have been used …
Accumulation Of Zearalenone In Herbage Of Winter Pasture Situated In West Poland, P. Goliński, M. Kostecki, Barbara Golińska, B. T. Golińska, P. K. Goliński
Accumulation Of Zearalenone In Herbage Of Winter Pasture Situated In West Poland, P. Goliński, M. Kostecki, Barbara Golińska, B. T. Golińska, P. K. Goliński
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The importance of winter pastures in beef production in Europe has been growing steadily. In Poland, especially in its western part, there are already farms which utilise pasture swards during late autumn and winter. The major problem, however, is the quality of forage ingested by animals as it tends to deteriorate with the passage of the vegetation season with danger of accumulation of various mycotoxins (Laser et al., 2003) of which the most important is zearalenone (ZEA).
Diversity And Variation In Nutritive Value Of Plants Growing On 2 Saline Sites In Southwestern Australia, Hayley C. Norman, R. A. Dynes, D. G. Masters
Diversity And Variation In Nutritive Value Of Plants Growing On 2 Saline Sites In Southwestern Australia, Hayley C. Norman, R. A. Dynes, D. G. Masters
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In south-western Australia 10% or 1.8 million ha of the farmed area is affected by dryland salinity and a further 6 million ha are at risk of salinity (NLWRA, 2001). Animal production from saltbush (Atriplex spp.)-based pasture systems represents the most likely large-scale opportunity for productive use of saline land in the short to medium term. Feeding saltbush-based pastures as a maintenance feed during the prolonged autumn feed gap typical in Mediterranean-type climates maximises their economic value. The aim of this study was to explore the diversity and nutritive value of plants that typically persist in saltbush-based saltland pastures.
Nutritional Characteristics Of Four Species Of Native Pastures From The Highlands Of Central Mexico, O. A. Castelán, A. A. Rayas, A. Espinoza, J. Estrada, C. Arriaga, F. Mould
Nutritional Characteristics Of Four Species Of Native Pastures From The Highlands Of Central Mexico, O. A. Castelán, A. A. Rayas, A. Espinoza, J. Estrada, C. Arriaga, F. Mould
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Research in Mexico has been devoted to nutritional characterisation of improved pastures, but native species of grasses have not been studied. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the nutritional value of four species of native pastures and composite samples of them.
Seasonal Variation Of Forage Productivity And Quality Of Communally Managed Grassland In The N’Komati River Basin, D. W. Nguluve, C. Menezes, A. Buluveze, A. P. Laita
Seasonal Variation Of Forage Productivity And Quality Of Communally Managed Grassland In The N’Komati River Basin, D. W. Nguluve, C. Menezes, A. Buluveze, A. P. Laita
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Livestock production is increasing in Mozambique. This trend, however, is facing such challenges as land tenure, erratic and not well-distributed rainfall (resulting in floods or droughts), overgrazing, wildfires, and the unsustainable resource management practices of communities. The study objectives were to evaluate forage species occurrence and seasonal variation and to estimate grassland productivity, nutritive value and savanna carrying capacity.
Forage Composition And Quality Of Tankbed Grassland Ecosystems In Sri Lanka; A Preliminary Study Of “Tabbowa” Tank, G. G. C. Premalal, Sujatha Premaratne
Forage Composition And Quality Of Tankbed Grassland Ecosystems In Sri Lanka; A Preliminary Study Of “Tabbowa” Tank, G. G. C. Premalal, Sujatha Premaratne
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Although, Sri Lanka does not have large natural lakes, the early settlers devoted their energy to build water bodies (tanks or reservoirs) in association with forest catchments to provide water for irrigation. The tank bed is a grassland area of the tank, which lies between the catchment forest and the present water level. In general, the tankbed has three major zones - lower, middle and upper - and in some seasons the middle and upper parts may be underwater. This tankbed area is dominated by grassland vegetation and is a valuable feeding ground for free-grazing livestock. The main objective of …
Variations In Nutritive Values Of Two Different Desert Forage Plants Growing In The United Arab Emirate Environment, T. Ksiksi, A. Bamakhrama, M. Satri
Variations In Nutritive Values Of Two Different Desert Forage Plants Growing In The United Arab Emirate Environment, T. Ksiksi, A. Bamakhrama, M. Satri
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Forage plants in desert environments have to withstand both shortages in resources and over grazing during most years. This variation in resource availability is associated with variation in the nutritive values of the plant species. Moreover, these differences are not only seasonal but also vary between plant parts. Variations in nutritive values in key species, therefore, need to be better understood in order to sustainably feed livestock (Abdurazak et al., 2000), because effective management requires adequate knowledge of the interaction between the animal, the pasture and the environment (Kassilly, 2002). Forage toxicity could, however, cause irreparable damage to production. …
Factors Affecting Forage Quality Of Native Species In Iranian Rangelands, Hossein Arzani, J. Torkan, H. Kaboli, M. Zohdi
Factors Affecting Forage Quality Of Native Species In Iranian Rangelands, Hossein Arzani, J. Torkan, H. Kaboli, M. Zohdi
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Animal performance is closely correlated with the nutrient value of the forage available and this is affected by different factors (Arzani et al., 2001). Crude protein content (CP), digestible dry matter (DDM) and metabolisable energy (ME) were considered particularly appropriate for evaluation of range forage quality. This paper reports on factors affecting the forage quality of range species grown in Iran.
Determination And Comparison Of Forage Quality Of Five Species In Different Phenological Stages In Alborz Rangelands (Iran), A. Ahmadi, Hossein Arzani, A. A. Jaafari
Determination And Comparison Of Forage Quality Of Five Species In Different Phenological Stages In Alborz Rangelands (Iran), A. Ahmadi, Hossein Arzani, A. A. Jaafari
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In order to evaluate grazing capacity and integrated management of rangelands and grasslands , it is necessary to be aware of the quality of range plants. Phenological (growth) stage has the greatest effect on forage quality with most of the qualitative indices decreasing with the progress of the phenological stage (Holecheck et al., 2001). This research studied the changes in forage quality for species in the Alborz rangelands.
Variation In The Quality Of Forage Of Six Rangeland Species In Different Phenological Stages, Zeid Ahmadi, H. Arzani, Hossein Azarnivand
Variation In The Quality Of Forage Of Six Rangeland Species In Different Phenological Stages, Zeid Ahmadi, H. Arzani, Hossein Azarnivand
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
An understanding of forage quality is fundamental to the measurement of grazing capacity. In addition, knowledge of forage quality is necessary for planning grazing and developing range improvement and development programmes, such as planting and seeding of rangelands. Among the different factors that affect forage quality, phenological stage is particularly important (Cook, 1972; Caballero et al.,2001). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of plant species, phenological stages and life form on forage quality indices.
Chemical Composition And Gas Production Of Pasture Dominated By Artemisia Frigida And Carex Duriscula Species, G. Udval
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In vitro gas production from a feed sample incubated with a rumen fluid inoculum has been successfully used by Menke et al. (1979) and Steingass & Menke (1986) to predict the nutritive value of the substrate fermented. Recently, the gas test has been adapted so that the increase in gas production at a series of chosen time intervals is read off. The aim of this study was to describe the kinetics of fermentation of the feed incubated with reference to OMD, DMD, metabolisable energy (ME), neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF, ADF), cellulose and lignin contents. Samples were harvested …
Seasonal Variation Of Crude Protein Content Of Different Herbaceous, Shrub And Tree Species, M. R. Mosquera-Losada, E. Fernández-Núñez, A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez
Seasonal Variation Of Crude Protein Content Of Different Herbaceous, Shrub And Tree Species, M. R. Mosquera-Losada, E. Fernández-Núñez, A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Silvopastoralism is a sustainable way of land management that reduces fire risk due to the reduction of fuel under trees when plants are used as animal food. This is particularly important in areas like Galicia that have 16% of the fired area of Europe. Silvopastoral systems can contribute to environment conservation and provide feed for autochthonous breeds more adapted to mountain conditions, enhancing biodiversity conservation. In formation on seasonal changes in crude protein content of spontaneous species will indicate better management of pasture resources in mountain areas.
Nutrient Accumulation In Leaves And Soft Twigs Of Moringa Oleifera Lam. At Different Growth Stages In Western Highland Of Cameroon, E. Tedonkeng Pamo, B. Boukila, J. R. Kana, F. Tendonkeng, L. B. Tonfack, M. C. Solefack Momo
Nutrient Accumulation In Leaves And Soft Twigs Of Moringa Oleifera Lam. At Different Growth Stages In Western Highland Of Cameroon, E. Tedonkeng Pamo, B. Boukila, J. R. Kana, F. Tendonkeng, L. B. Tonfack, M. C. Solefack Momo
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Moringa oleifera belongs to the Moringaceae family and is considered to have its origin in the south of the Himalayan mountains. The species is being introduced into the highland zone of Cameroon. It is a tree which has many valuable properties and it is of great nutritional and scientific interest. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate nutrient composition in leaves and soft twigs of M. oleifera at different growth heights when grown in the Western Highland of Cameroon.
Evaluation Of Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Activities Of Plantains And Pastures By Electron Spin Resonance (Esr), Y. Tamura, T. Masumizu
Evaluation Of Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Activities Of Plantains And Pastures By Electron Spin Resonance (Esr), Y. Tamura, T. Masumizu
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Producing animals without using feed-grade antibiotic growth promoters and chemical medicines is essential. In response, many scientists are now studying medicinal plants and herbs to identify and quantify those plants that may have a beneficial effect on animal production. Plantains have been used in herbal medicines and are being evaluated as a potential pasture species because of their medicinal values in animal health. In this study, antioxidant activities of plantains were compared to those of common pasture species to clarify the effects of plantains on animal health and production.
Characterisation Of Herbage From Temperate Organic Pastures, E. Kuusela
Characterisation Of Herbage From Temperate Organic Pastures, E. Kuusela
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Grazing is an essential part of organic dairy farming systems. Although the nutritive value of herbage and herbage availability determine the intake and nutrient supply for grazing cows, the composition of typical herbage from organic pastures has been unclear.
Water-Soluble Carbohydrate (Wsc) Concentrations In Ireland And Norway Of Lolium Perenne Differing In Wsc Genotype And Receiving Varying Rates Of N Fertiliser, P. O'Kiely, L. Nesheim, P. Conaghan, F. P. O'Mara
Water-Soluble Carbohydrate (Wsc) Concentrations In Ireland And Norway Of Lolium Perenne Differing In Wsc Genotype And Receiving Varying Rates Of N Fertiliser, P. O'Kiely, L. Nesheim, P. Conaghan, F. P. O'Mara
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Cultivars bred for elevated water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration may have improved grass ensilability and nutritive value. Increasing rates of application of N fertiliser generally reduce grass WSC concentration, although it is unknown if the response is similar for normal and elevated WSC genotypes or if these factors interact with growing conditions. This experiment evaluated the effects on grass WSC concentration of varying N fertiliser application rates to perennial ryegrass cultivars of high or normal WSC genotype grown in Ireland and Norway.
Proanthocyanidins From Hedysarum, Lotus And Onobrychis Spp. Growing In Sardinia And Sicily And Their Antioxidant Activity, A. Tava, M. G. De Begedetto, D. Tedesco, G. Di Miceli, G. Piluzza
Proanthocyanidins From Hedysarum, Lotus And Onobrychis Spp. Growing In Sardinia And Sicily And Their Antioxidant Activity, A. Tava, M. G. De Begedetto, D. Tedesco, G. Di Miceli, G. Piluzza
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Proanthocyanidins (PA), or condensed tannins, are a class of natural polyphenolic compounds, occurring in numerous plant species, including a number of economically significant forage legumes. These compounds are polymers of flavan-3-ols, and typically contain from 2 to 20 units. Their biological significance is still being debated and, in recent years, a great deal of attention has been focused on their role in ruminant nutrition. Evidence has indicated that PA, in a moderate concentration (0.5-5% DM), may have considerable importance in protecting dietary proteins against microbial degradation in the rumen, and in preventing bloat. The antioxidant activity (AA) is also an …
Changes In Crude Protein Content With Advancing Maturity In Lucerne, S. Katić, D. Milić, V. Mihailović, A. Mikić, S. Vasiljević
Changes In Crude Protein Content With Advancing Maturity In Lucerne, S. Katić, D. Milić, V. Mihailović, A. Mikić, S. Vasiljević
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The main determinants of the quality of lucerne forage are digestibility and protein content (Julier et al., 2001) as well as crude fibre content. In the early vegetative phases, the crude protein content of the leaves and stems is the highest and crude fibre content the lowest (Katic et al., 2003). The aim of this study was to determine the rate of change in crude protein levels at different stages of growth and development.
Effect Of Cutting Date On Quality Of Red Clover Forage, S. Vasiljevic, S. Katic, V. Mihailovic, B. Cupina, D. Milic, A. Mikic, Dj. Karagic, I. Pataki
Effect Of Cutting Date On Quality Of Red Clover Forage, S. Vasiljevic, S. Katic, V. Mihailovic, B. Cupina, D. Milic, A. Mikic, Dj. Karagic, I. Pataki
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Development stage or plant age is an important factor determining the chemical composition and quality of red clover forage (Ignjatovic et al., 2001). In early spring, young red clover plants have large leaf mass, high contents of moisture, protein and minerals and a low fibre content. In the course of the growing season, under the effects of long days and high temperatures, the plant undergoes morphological changes: leaves grow more slowly, the stem elongates, dry matter yield increases and quality drops, especially digestibility and the contents of protein and minerals.
Dryland Clovers: A Phytochemical Resource, Lucy P. Meagher, G. A. Lane, W. Rumball, M. A. Tavendale, R. J. Lucas
Dryland Clovers: A Phytochemical Resource, Lucy P. Meagher, G. A. Lane, W. Rumball, M. A. Tavendale, R. J. Lucas
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Recent developments in the utilisation of phytoestrogens of red clover (Wuttke et al., 2002) have encouraged us to investigate a wider range of Trifolium species for metabolites which could provide new product opportunities. The phytochemistry of the agronomically-important Trifolium species white (Trifolium repens) and red (T. pratense) clovers has been investigated in some detail (Foo et al., 2000; Sivakumaran et al., 2004). However numerous other clover species have been neglected in agriculture due to agronomic issues or the fact they are annuals and require more intensive management. While some of these clover species …
Predicting Intake From Indigestible Fibre, Kenneth J. Moore, J. R. Russell
Predicting Intake From Indigestible Fibre, Kenneth J. Moore, J. R. Russell
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Dry matter intake (DMI) of forages is often estimated as a reciprocal function of fibre concentration: DMI = fibre intake capacity / dietary fibre concentration (Mertens, 1987). This theoretical relationship is based on the concept that consumption of forage diets is limited by fill and that fibre represents the bulk of forage diets. This model, however, does not account for differences in DMI which should occur among forages with similar fibre concentrations but differing fibre digestibility. To account for these differences, we proposed an intake model where DMI is a reciprocal function of indigestible fibre concentration: DMI = c / …
Differences Of Energy Density From Plant Species Found In Permanent Grassland Using The Cellulase Method In Comparison To The Crude Nutrient Method, Renate Bockholt, K. Friedel, F. Buske
Differences Of Energy Density From Plant Species Found In Permanent Grassland Using The Cellulase Method In Comparison To The Crude Nutrient Method, Renate Bockholt, K. Friedel, F. Buske
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
If no special instructions have been given, the metabolic energy (MJ/kg DM) and the energy density (MJ NEL/kg DM) of grass samples are calculated by the agricultural test institute using a standard valuation formula as regards crude nutrients, crude fiber content, crude protein contents and crude ash. On the other hand, it is well known from feeding tests that permanent grassland grasses and herbs, which may be dominant under semi-intensive or extensive management, can have low digestibility and low energy density.
Are Leaf Traits Suitable For Assessing The Feeding Value Of Native Grass Species?, R. Al Haj Khaled, M. Duru, P. Cruz
Are Leaf Traits Suitable For Assessing The Feeding Value Of Native Grass Species?, R. Al Haj Khaled, M. Duru, P. Cruz
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Research on forage feeding value other than in vivo assessment can be roughly divided into three kinds of approach. The first aims to predict feeding value using a set of enzymatic or physical methods. A second approach is based on phenological stages of species. These approaches are mainly used for pure stands of improved grasses or legumes. However, for native grassland, a complex type of vegetation, a third approach, based on botanical records, has been proposed to rank grassland communities for their feeding value. The aim of this work concerns the third approach. We tested whether leaf traits (e.g. specific …
Validation Of Faecal Nirs For Monitoring The Diet Of Confined And Grazing Goats, S. Y. Landau, T. A. Glasser, L. Dvash, Avi Perevolotsky
Validation Of Faecal Nirs For Monitoring The Diet Of Confined And Grazing Goats, S. Y. Landau, T. A. Glasser, L. Dvash, Avi Perevolotsky
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Goats are used for brush control and ecological management of Mediterranean grazing lands. Farmers are willing to cooperate with communities but they need an easy method to evaluate the daily intake of nutrients. A calibration of the chemical attributes of goats' diets was set-up, based on faecal near infrared (NIR) spectra (Landau et al., 2004; Table 1). The accuracy of this methodology was estimated by using the standard error of cross-validation (SECV), which represents the variability in the difference between predicted and reference values when the equation is applied sequentially to subsets of data from the calibration data set. …
Near Infrared Spectroscopy To Assess Feeding Value And Antinutritional Compounds In Legume Species, M. Odoardi, S. Colombini, G. Piluzza, M. Confalonieri
Near Infrared Spectroscopy To Assess Feeding Value And Antinutritional Compounds In Legume Species, M. Odoardi, S. Colombini, G. Piluzza, M. Confalonieri
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
There is an increasing demand for information on the quality characteristics and chemical composition of forages in order to meet the demands of dietary specifications for feeding animals. Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy provides a tool for rapid and non-destructive analysis in agronomic and breeding programs of a number of chemical components of forages and grains. NIR spectroscopy in particular has the advantage of being able to simultaneously evaluate the samples for a number of qualitative traits of whole plants and seeds. In two experiments here presented, NIR Spectroscopy was used to predict: i) qualitative characteristics of field pea seeds and, …