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Articles 143071 - 143100 of 302623

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Too Close For Comfort: The Effect Of Threatening Apr 2015

Too Close For Comfort: The Effect Of Threatening

Stander Symposium Projects

Stereotypes are relied upon to help guide people through their social world. Although typically characterized as unfavorable, stereotypes can serve a number of beneficial functions. Stereotypes allow people to quickly process new information about novel individuals, environments, or events by applying preexisting stereotype-consistent information. Processing new information quickly is essential in novel or unfamiliar situation because it helps determine how to best react. While there are a number of beneficial qualities of stereotypes, a disadvantage of stereotypes is that they can potentially lead to distortions in reality. Stereotypes play an active role in the evaluation of stimuli (e.g., persons), but …

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Hate Crime Laws: What Are They And Who Do They Protect? Apr 2015

Hate Crime Laws: What Are They And Who Do They Protect?

Stander Symposium Projects

Tremendous disagreement and confusion regarding hate crime laws and the groups protected by them persist. We investigated perceptions of what constitutes a hate crime and whether these standards are applied consistently. Participants read and responded to brief scenarios describing offenses committed by majority or minority group members against others (majority or minority group members). Although support for the exploratory hypotheses was not found, interesting patterns emerged with respect to gender differences.

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A Time Series Analysis Of Service Consumption Expenditures As Determinants Of The Consumer Discretionary And Consumer Staples Sector Price Movements, 2004-2014. Apr 2015

A Time Series Analysis Of Service Consumption Expenditures As Determinants Of The Consumer Discretionary And Consumer Staples Sector Price Movements, 2004-2014.

Stander Symposium Projects

A growing portion of U.S. Consumer income is spent on services. Both directly and indirectly these expenditures effect the stock market prices of firms in the consumer discretionary and consumer staples sectors. The objective of this study, therefore is to determine if the market prices of these two sectors co-vary with the growth in consumer services expenditures. The period of analysis is 2004-2014. Quarterly pricing and expenditure level data are used in the analysis. Using regression analysis, the hypothesis to be tested is service expenditures and discretionary and staples sector prices co-vary directly with each other. We expect the b …

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Wright B Flyer Silver Bird Replica Senior Design Project Apr 2015

Wright B Flyer Silver Bird Replica Senior Design Project

Stander Symposium Projects

The Wright Model B Flyer was one of the first piloted aircraft produced by the Wright brothers in 1910. Wright B Flyer Incorporated specializes in fully functional Wright Model B replicas. The Silver Bird was an aircraft designed and manufactured by the company back in 2007. Unfortunately, the plane and its two pilots were lost due to a welding failure that caused the propeller malfunction. The company has since commissioned another model to be designed and built. The overarching goal of this research is to verify the existing design and perform sensitivity studies to see if the performance can be …

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Rapidly Locating And Accurately Tracking The Center Of Mass Using Statically Equivalent Serial Chains Apr 2015

Rapidly Locating And Accurately Tracking The Center Of Mass Using Statically Equivalent Serial Chains

Stander Symposium Projects

Identifying the center of mass location (CoM) provides a significant aid in controlling the balance of humanoid robots. For human beings, the stability of motion is highly influenced by their ability to control their CoM and center of pressure (CoP). Additionally, computing the CoM can prove critical to assessing rehabilitation and in elite sports training. Human body segment parameters can be obtained from anthropometric tables. Their accuracy for a given individual is questioned due to differences in age, race, and fitness level from the sample population. This research presents an estimation technique that uses the statically equivalent serial chain (SESC). …

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Research Exercise: Numerical Methods Applied To An Enzyme Kinetics Model Apr 2015

Research Exercise: Numerical Methods Applied To An Enzyme Kinetics Model

Stander Symposium Projects

In this work, we study enzyme kinetics using numerical techniques, such as Euler’s Method and Taylor’s Series Method. Our system consists of four ordinary differential equations, each of them describing the reaction rate of specific compounds in reaction. We represent the numerical solution and plots of each reactant. We compared the performance of our numerical methods with methods used in Callie Martins’ Enzyme Kinetics Spring 2012 Work.

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Research Exercise: Research On Foundational Elements Of The Education System Apr 2015

Research Exercise: Research On Foundational Elements Of The Education System

Stander Symposium Projects

Many schools emphasize the importance of standardized tests and homework. The goal of the EDT110H1 class project was to investigate the effects of homework and the advantages and disadvantages of standardized tests, and how they affect the American schooling system.

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An Analysis Of Corporate Social Responsibility Websites: Seafood Production And Environmental Degradation Apr 2015

An Analysis Of Corporate Social Responsibility Websites: Seafood Production And Environmental Degradation

Stander Symposium Projects

Corporations are under increasing pressure from internal and external stakeholders to consider the social and environmental cost of their operations. To alleviate this concern, corporations have designed professional ethical codes by which to conduct business. This expanding practice is a facet of public relations known as “Corporate Social Responsibility,” or CSR. This project examines the seafood production industry. Seafood production poses unique environmental concerns, which can be addressed by producers in a variety of ways. A content analysis of the top seafood production websites investigates which environmental themes are being addressed in CSR policies and information pages,and how corporations are …

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Cocoa And Chocolate: Deconstructing The Development Paradigm In Cameroon Apr 2015

Cocoa And Chocolate: Deconstructing The Development Paradigm In Cameroon

Stander Symposium Projects

This project focuses specifically on the neo-liberal economic iteration of international development. Neo-liberalism is the idea that the deregulation of the private sector, reductions in government expenditures, and expansion of free trade will lead to growth in undeveloped countries, which will effectively end poverty and increase the standard of living. Development is, thus, justified on the basis of its purported virtues: that economic liberalization has resulted in the prosperity of Western countries and that the same models can be replicated elsewhere to produce the same results. My ethnography in Southwest Cameroon, however, shows that the experience and embodiment of development …

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The Effects Of Music On Employee Affect Apr 2015

The Effects Of Music On Employee Affect

Stander Symposium Projects

My thesis is concerned with the effect of music on mood in the workplace. Mood, or affect, is an important attribute in the working environment. For example, positive affect is directly proportional to employee satisfaction, which leads to more productivity and more efficiency. On the other hand, negative affect is inversely proportional to employee satisfaction. Poor employee satisfaction leads to less productivity and less efficiency. The mood of employees at a student café at the University of Dayton was assessed with and without background music while they worked. Data was collected over a two-week period from 20 student employees. Data …

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A Smartphone Application For The Treatment Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Apr 2015

A Smartphone Application For The Treatment Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Stander Symposium Projects

This ongoing study develops and evaluates the acceptability and effectiveness of a smartphone application for the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly used to manage and minimize the aversive symptoms of GAD; however, studies have found only modest treatment gains when CBT is used alone (Brown et al., 2001). Previous studies have measured client acceptability of smartphone applications (Ainsworth et al., 2013; Pramana et al., 2013), but they have failed to measure the impact of the application on treatment outcomes (e.g., reductions in symptom severity). To fill this gap in the literature, the proposed study …

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The Performance Of Concentrated Portfolios Of High Quality Stocks In Highly Volatile Markets: The 2008 - 2013 Experience Apr 2015

The Performance Of Concentrated Portfolios Of High Quality Stocks In Highly Volatile Markets: The 2008 - 2013 Experience

Stander Symposium Projects

The objective of this study is to determine how well concentrated portfolios of high quality stocks perform under highly volatile market conditions. Three different portfolios of 30 stocks each were established based on market cap: (1) mega cap (2) large cap and (3) mid cap. All of the stocks in each portfolio had Standard and Poors quality ranking of A-, A, and A+. One hypothesis tested was that concentrated portfolios of high quality stocks generate excess returns (alpha) when compared to a fully diversified portfolio of stocks such as the S&P ETF SPY. A second hypothesis tested was that portfolios …

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Macro Economic Activity And Sector Price Movements: A Closer Look At Pmi Data Apr 2015

Macro Economic Activity And Sector Price Movements: A Closer Look At Pmi Data

Stander Symposium Projects

The purchasing managers' index (PMI) is considered a leading indicator of U.S. manufacturing activity as well as overall economic activity. Financial markets respond quickly to above or below trend movements in PMI. In this study I develop regression models that specify the relationship between PMI and each of the 10 SPDR ETFs. I test the hypothesis that b>0 i.e. that SPDR ETF prices covary directly with changes in the PMI index. Using log linear models, I also test the hypothesis that the response coefficients are relatively elastic i.e. b>1. I use monthly data to construct the models. The …

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Should Syllabi And Course Materials Be Faculty Intellectual Property? Apr 2015

Should Syllabi And Course Materials Be Faculty Intellectual Property?

Stander Symposium Projects

In order to teach students subjects, faculty create syllabi and course materials such as course notes, outlines, PowerPoint or other presentations, learning software, texts such as books and articles, images and video, test review and assessment materials, e-mail, and discussion group or forum written comments and suggestions. If property is a general term for the rules and policies that govern people’s access to, control over, and use of valuable resources, and syllabi and course materials are regarded as valuable intellectual resources in contrast to land on the one hand and ownership shares in artificial legal entities on the other, then …

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Integrating Institutional Mission Into Faculty Work Apr 2015

Integrating Institutional Mission Into Faculty Work

Stander Symposium Projects

The integration of a faith-based university’s mission into the curriculum and the requirements that this identity imposes upon faculty members’ scholarship are often at odds with the concept of academic freedom (VanZanten, 2011). This common dilemma is an authentic and significant part of Catholic higher education. To balance a conceptual understanding of faith integration with practical tools for academic professionals looking for resources, the University of Dayton’s Commitment to Community (C2C) document provides a community approach to education (University of Dayton, n.d.). This document could be a valued resource to assist faculty in applying mission-based values into their teaching, research, …

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Transformational Learning-Improving Estimating Apr 2015

Transformational Learning-Improving Estimating

Stander Symposium Projects

Two students from the University of Dayton, one Chemical Engineering and one Industrial Engineering Technology major, were selected as charter students to partake in an 8 week internship abroad in London, England. The students would be working at Tryzens Group, an ecommerce solutions company. In this internship, the students were to use the classroom knowledge gained from their Lean Six Sigma course, and apply it to an unfamiliar process. This internship/project was the last step in receiving a Lean Six Sigma Green Belt Certification. Tryzens Group is an international company delivering ecommerce solutions. Their systems drive business performance and multichannel …

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Research Exercise: Perceptions Of Meaning In Liturgical Music In Christian Church Communities Of Various Denominational Identities Apr 2015

Research Exercise: Perceptions Of Meaning In Liturgical Music In Christian Church Communities Of Various Denominational Identities

Stander Symposium Projects

Music is a primary part of worship in most Christian churches around the world. Music, however, holds different meaning and serves a variety of purposes and functions within each Christian denomination. As a part of an independent study course focused on topics related to contemporary liturgical music repertoire, I chose to investigate how Ministers of Music in several different denominations of the Christian faith assigned meaning and purpose to music in the context of worship, and what particular styles they found to resonate most with their own congregations. In order to do this, I interviewed Ministers of Music from the …

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Do You See What I See? Perceiving Distances From Another’S Perspective Apr 2015

Do You See What I See? Perceiving Distances From Another’S Perspective

Stander Symposium Projects

The ability to accurately perceive distances between the self and objects/targets underlies action-guidance and spatial navigation. While one can easily and accurately judge distances from his or her own perspective, it is largely unknown whether distance judgments from an imagined perspective are as accurate as from one’s own viewpoint. This study will investigate the accuracy of distance judgments made from another person’s viewpoint. To do so, participants will be asked to either adopt a confederate’s viewpoint or to imagine standing in a different location (without a confederate acting as a stand-in) and to estimate distance from these novel perspectives. As …

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Research Exercise: Drosophila Eye Model To Demonstrate The Role Of Microrna-277 In Alzheimer's Disease Apr 2015

Research Exercise: Drosophila Eye Model To Demonstrate The Role Of Microrna-277 In Alzheimer's Disease

Stander Symposium Projects

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with gradual cognitive impairment and memory decline. As the most common form of dementia, AD currently affects more than 5 million Americans and is expected to affect over 16 million Americans by 2050, according to the Alzheimer’s Association. This disease is characterized by the accumulation of Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ-42) polypeptides, resulting from the hydrophobic nature of an improperly cleaved transmembrane protein called the amyloid precursor protein (APP). When the APP is cleaved to be 42 amino acids long instead of 40, plaques are formed that alter cellular pathways, inhibit synaptic activity, …

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Ops 495 Senior Capstone Consulting Projects Session 2 Of 2 Apr 2015

Ops 495 Senior Capstone Consulting Projects Session 2 Of 2

Stander Symposium Projects

Senior OPS majors provide presentations of their capstone consulting projects.

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Statistics Content Of Elementary Mathematics Textbooks Apr 2015

Statistics Content Of Elementary Mathematics Textbooks

Stander Symposium Projects

This summer at Sam Houston State University, I, along with four coresearchers, investigated the nature and extent of the statistical content in U.S. textbooks for students in grades 1-5 by examining five textbook series. Using the Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) Report, we systematically coded statistics tasks into four phases: Formulate a Question, Collect Data, Analyze Data, and Interpret Results. The Analyze Data phase was divided into four categories: Read a Display, Perform a Mathematical Calculation, Construct a Display, and Use Other Statistical Reasoning. We analyzed our results by looking at the location of the statistics …

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The Effect Of Race In Juvenile Sentencing Apr 2015

The Effect Of Race In Juvenile Sentencing

Stander Symposium Projects

This study seeks to explore the effects a juvenile's race will have on adjudication and dispositional sentencing. This study will be comprised of content analyses looking at case level data from southwestern Ohio. I will be comparing juvenile court cases across race by both gender and offense committed. This study will analyze how white juveniles and African American juveniles are sentenced when they come into contact with the juvenile justice system. I will account for previous offenses and compare juveniles with priors only to other juveniles with prior records. I plan to reach out to the justice systems in the …

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The Relationship Between Executive Functioning Skills (Ef) And Spontaneous Focusing On Numerosity (Sfon) In Preschoolers Apr 2015

The Relationship Between Executive Functioning Skills (Ef) And Spontaneous Focusing On Numerosity (Sfon) In Preschoolers

Stander Symposium Projects

Longitudinal data is currently being collected in order to examine the relationship between children’s Spontaneous Focusing on Numerosity (SFON) and children’s cognitive control skills, or executive functioning (EF). SFON refers to a child’s tendency to focus on the characteristic of number in his/her environment without being explicitly instructed to do so. Previous research has shown that both SFON and EF are important predictors of children’s mathematical ability. However, literature has not yet examined what influences SFON or how it develops. This data, collected in fall of 2014 and currently in spring of 2015, includes a battery of assessments of children’s …

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Research Exercise: Utilization Of The Gordon Music Learning Theory In Elementary Classroom Music Apr 2015

Research Exercise: Utilization Of The Gordon Music Learning Theory In Elementary Classroom Music

Stander Symposium Projects

The Gordon Music Learning Theory is an example of a sight-before-sound method. It focuses on audiation, which is not just hearing the music, but comprehending it as well. There are other methods of instruction such as Kodály, Orff-Schulwerk, and Dalcroze that also use the idea of hearing first, but which do not follow the same sequential order of learning. A survey was conducted to determine which method(s) were most familiar to elementary educators in Southwest Ohio. Results demonstrated that Kodály was the most familiar method, and the Gordon Music Learning Theory was the least familiar. Additionally, the survey asserted that …

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Differential Effects Of Commercially Available Probiotics On Listeria Monocytogenes Virulence Apr 2015

Differential Effects Of Commercially Available Probiotics On Listeria Monocytogenes Virulence

Stander Symposium Projects

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen which can cause lethal infections in immunocompromised individuals. These infections involve meningitis in the elderly or spontaneous abortions of neonates--both scenarios result from Listeria crossing the intestinal barrier. The conditions that promote Listeria invasion during the intestinal phase of infection are not clearly defined. We have evidence that suggests intestinal fermentation acids as potential signals for Listeria virulence regulation. Therefore, we hypothesized that probiotic bacteria, which generate different fermentation acids, will exhibit different levels of inhibition against Listeria virulence. To test how different probiotic bacteria affect Listeria virulence, we used two commercially available probiotics …

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Coding Dna Into Music: An Alternate Way Of Analysis Apr 2015

Coding Dna Into Music: An Alternate Way Of Analysis

Stander Symposium Projects

Our study’s purpose is take a completely different approach to understanding DNA, specifically non-coding segments. How we will do this is through coding DNA into music. By applying a system that codes known information of DNA into sound, music could prove to be a powerful means of finding patterns in DNA. It is possible that hearing the segments could allow our brains to pinpoint patterns that are not found through computational or experimental analysis. Music may also open up the expression of complex patterns that are visually hidden. The application of DNA to music will also allow for very long …

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Research Exercise: Pathway Toward The End-Of-Life Options For Medical Devices And Equipment Apr 2015

Research Exercise: Pathway Toward The End-Of-Life Options For Medical Devices And Equipment

Stander Symposium Projects

At the end of life, medical equipment can follow three major paths. The first being destruction, medical equipment which cannot be sterilized and is contaminated, then are incinerated; an example of this would be surgical waste that is soaked in bodily fluids and cannot possible be re-used. Some equipment contains toxic elements such as mercury and are dealt with according to the proper regulations and standards. The second path is recycling option. For example, in the case of MRI machines and many medical devices, more than 90% by weight can be recycled for material content. The final major path medical …

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Relative Performance Evaluation Incentives In Ceo Compensation Contracts Apr 2015

Relative Performance Evaluation Incentives In Ceo Compensation Contracts

Stander Symposium Projects

Executive compensation is frequently discussed and criticized by the media, lawmakers, regulators, experts, and the public. The primary issue that companies face when compensating executives is how to align the goals of executives with the goals of various stakeholders in order to motivate executive decisions that increase the value of the company to shareholders, employees, the public, regulators, and others. Academics find that executives’ interests are often best aligned by making compensation contingent on company performance. One method of compensating executives that is frequently discussed is comparing a company’s performance to that of a peer group of companies. This type …

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Behavioral Activation In A Homeless Shelter: Development And Validation Of The Behavioral Activation Treatment Efficacy Measure Apr 2015

Behavioral Activation In A Homeless Shelter: Development And Validation Of The Behavioral Activation Treatment Efficacy Measure

Stander Symposium Projects

Beginning in the summer of 2013, Reeb and colleagues implemented a Behavioral Activation (BA) Program in a homeless shelter for men. Based on operant conditioning, BA is a “therapeutic process that emphasizes structured attempts at engendering increases in overt behaviors that are likely to bring [the person] into contact with reinforcing environmental contingencies and produce corresponding improvements in thoughts, mood, and overall quality of life” (Hopko et al., 2003, p. 700). Quantitative and qualitative results show that BA has efficacy in increasing homeless men’s participation in various shelter activities (Reeb et al., 2014). With funding from the Graduate Student Summer …

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Does That "Ring A Bell?" The Effects Of Music-Induced Emotions On Recall Of A Story Apr 2015

Does That "Ring A Bell?" The Effects Of Music-Induced Emotions On Recall Of A Story

Stander Symposium Projects

This research examined the effects of music-induced emotions on memory for information from a story. Previous research has revealed that music is a reliable tool for mood manipulation (Vuoskoski & Eerola, 2012), and emotion has been shown to be a memory enhancer (Janke, 2008). Tesoriero and Rickard (2012) provide two major theories for how music and memory interact, emotional arousal theory and mood congruence theory. The emotional arousal theory predicts that when emotions are aroused there will be an overall enhanced memory for attended information. Further, the mood congruence theory predicts enhanced memory for information that is congruent with reported …

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