Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Acylation Of Trans-2-Substituted Cyclohexanols: The Impact Of Substituent Variation On The Pyridine-Induced Reversal Of Diastereoselectivity, Sven Hackbusch, Andreas H. Franz

College of the Pacific Faculty Articles

Numerous methods for the stereoselective synthesis of chiral compounds exist in the literature, which use chiral templates or catalysts. Only in a limited number of cases have achiral catalysts been shown to significantly influence the stereochemical outcomes of reactions. Previous studies in our laboratories have revealed the achiral acyl-transfer catalyst pyridine to alter the stereochemical outcome of the reaction of racemic trans-2-substituted cyclohexanols with racemic 2-chloropropionyl chloride and cause a reversal of diastereoselectivity. The current paper presents the application of the reaction scheme to a wider number of substrates and reveals the importance of the heteroatom in the trans-2-substituent

Contents

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

No abstract provided.

Title Page, In Memory Of Donna Sterling, Ph.D.

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

No abstract provided.

Journal Of Mathematics And Science: Collaborative Explorations

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

No abstract provided.

Experiences With Problem-Based Learning: Virginia Initiative For Science Teaching And Achievement, C. Phillips, R. Zimmerman, A. Martin

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

The Virginia Initiative for Science Teaching and Achievement (VISTA) provides high-quality professional development for teachers and administrators to enhance the quality of their science instructional programs. One emphasis of this program is helping teachers learn to implement Problem-Based Learning in the elementary science classroom. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has the potential to produce significant positive outcomes for students, such as increased student engagement, and opportunities for in-depth critical thinking [1]. Teachers find PBL challenging because it does take additional time for planning and material acquisition, but experience has shown that the benefits outweigh these challenges. Setting clear goals, identifying specific learning …

New Vistas In Science Education, K. Waite, B. Healy

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

In the summer of 2012, a colleague and I attended the four-week Virginia Initiative for Science Teaching and Achievement (VISTA) Elementary Summer Science Institute where we were trained to conduct inquiry-based science teaching in a problem-based learning setting. We then implemented our training in our own academic classrooms by developing a Problem-Based Learning unit meeting the objectives of our Virginia standards-based science curriculum and selecting a topic with tics to our local community. Toward demonstrating that students, teachers, and educational systems stand to benefit from the implementation of this methodology, this article clarifies the following aspects: 1) outlines the problem, …

Science Leadership: Impact Of The New Science Coordinators Academy, E. W. Edmondson, A. Mannarino, V. Reid, D. R. Sterling

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

This article discusses the impact of the New Science Coordinators Academy (NSCA) on two cohorts of participants. The NSCA is one of four components of the Virginia Initiative for Science Teaching and Achievement (VISTA), a United States Department of Education (USED) science education reform grant. The NSCA is designed to support new school district science coordinators (with less than five years of experience) and to continue building the state science education infrastructure. Research in education leadership traditionally focuses on teacher leaders, principals, and district office personnel. Interestingly, research on district office personnel rarely distinguishes between the different roles of district …

The Stability Of Boats: A Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (Stem) Exercise, G. Rublein

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

In what might be called genuine Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), an engineering construct subject to well-understood physical principles is analyzed mathematically to yield predicted behavior. In this article, we provide just such an example. The mathematics is at the high school level. Among other things, one actually sees an application of the quadratic formula. Experimental verification of the results may be realized with simple materials.

Views Of Coaching Practice Expressed By School-Based Coaches, D. A. Yopp, E. A. Burroughs, A. Barlow, J. T. Sutton

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

This study reports on the views of coaching expressed by school-based coaches and coaching experts in response to observing the practice of a novice coach featured in a video. Researchers hypothesized that a coach participant's observations about another coach's practice would be a useful tool for examining participants' beliefs about coaching. Researchers compared responses from school-based coaches to the responses of coaching experts and views expressed in leading coaching literature in order to examine the variation in school-based coaches' views. Analysis of responses from both practicing coaches and coaching experts revealed eight themes that describe components of the videotaped coaching …

A Note On Knights, Knaves, And Truth Tables, H. Reinhart, J. Boyd

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

Student and teacher (in the order above) have taken on a project of trying to understand something about Boolean algebra, logic circuits, and applications with the aid of Mathematica. We quickly recognized that the logical puzzles popularized by Raymond Smullyan that involve Knights (truth tellers) and Knaves (liars) are ideally suited for analysis by Boolean methods and truth tables. with a big boost from Mathematica. Not only is there a lot of mathematics to be learned, there is a great deal of fun to be had. The topic seems to us to be an ideal vehicle for exposing young high …

Early Detection And Monitoring Of Malaria, Md Zahidur Rahman, Leonid Roytman, Abdelhamid Kadik, Howard Miller, Dilara A. Rosy

Publications and Research

Global Earth Observation Systems of Systems (GEOSS) are bringing vital societal benefits to people around the globe. In this research article, we engage undergraduate students in the exciting area of space exploration to improve the health of millions of people globally. The goal of the proposed research is to place students in a learning environment where they will develop their problem solving skills in the context of a world crisis (e.g., malaria). Malaria remains one of the greatest threats to public health, particularly in developing countries. The World Health Organization has estimated that over one million die of Malaria each …

Numeracy Infusion Course For Higher Education (Niche), 1: Teaching Faculty How To Improve Students' Quantitative Reasoning Skills Through Cognitive Illusions, Frank Wang, Esther I. Wilder

Publications and Research

We describe one of the eight units of a professional development program, the Numeracy Infusion Course for Higher Education (NICHE), which introduces research on cognition, including dual-processing theories, to university faculty. Under the dual-processing framework, System 1 (intuition) quickly proposes intuitive answers to judgment problems as they arise, while System 2 (deliberation) monitors the quality of these proposals, which it may endorse, correct, or override. We present several classic questions that demonstrate the pitfalls of overreliance on intuition without analytical thinking, then describe faculty participants’ responses to these questions and their ideas on how to apply cognitive illusion research to …

Principal Component Analysis And Optimization: A Tutorial, Robert Reris, J. Paul Brooks

Statistical Sciences and Operations Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Electrolyte Pore/Solution Partitioning By Expanded Grand Canonical Ensemble Monte Carlo Simulation, F. Moucka, D. Bratko, A. Luzar

Chemistry Publications

Using a newly developed grand canonical Monte Carlo approach based on fractional exchanges of dissolved ions and water molecules, we studied equilibrium partitioning of both components between laterally extended apolar confinements and surrounding electrolyte solution. Accurate calculations of the Hamiltonian and tensorial pressure components at anisotropic conditions in the pore required the development of a novel algorithm for a self-consistent correction of nonelectrostatic cut-off effects. At pore widths above the kinetic threshold to capillary evaporation, the molality of the salt inside the confinement grows in parallel with that of the bulk phase, but presents a nonuniform width-dependence, being depleted at …

Using Graphene To Control Magnetic Anisotropy And Interaction Between Supported Clusters, Sanjubala Sahoo, M Fhokrul Islam, Shiv N. Khanna

Physics Publications

Stabilization of magnetic order in clusters/nanoparticles at elevated temperatures is a fundamentally challenging problem. The magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) that prevents the thermal fluctuations of the magnetization direction can be around 1–10 K in free transition metal clusters of around a dozen atoms. Here we demonstrate that a graphene support can lead to an order of magnitude enhancement in the anisotropy of supported species. Our studies show that the MAE of supported Co5 and Co13 clusters on graphene increase by factors of 2.6 and 25, respectively. The enhancement is linked to the splitting of selected electronic orbitals that leads to …

Dynamics Of Planar Systems That Model Stage-Structured Populations, N. Lazaryan, Hassan Sedaghat

Mathematics and Applied Mathematics Publications

We study a general discrete planar system for modeling stage-structured populations. Our results include conditions for the global convergence of orbits to zero (extinction) when the parameters (vital rates) are time and density dependent. When the parameters are periodic we obtain weaker conditions for extinction. We also study a rational special case of the system for Beverton-Holt type interactions and show that the persistence equilibrium (in the positive quadrant) may be globally attracting even in the presence of interstage competition. However, we determine that with a sufficiently high level of competition, the persistence equilibrium becomes unstable (a saddle point) and …

The Cost-Effectiveness Of Diabetes Prevention: Results From The Diabetes Prevention Program And The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study, William H. Herman

GW Biostatistics Center

Background

The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a randomized, controlled clinical trial. It demonstrated that among high-risk individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes incidence was reduced by 58 % with lifestyle intervention and 31 % with metformin compared to placebo. During the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS), all DPP participants were unmasked to their treatment assignments, the original lifestyle intervention group was offered additional lifestyle support, the metformin group continued metformin, and all three groups were offered a group-implemented lifestyle intervention. Over the 10 years of combined DPP/DPPOS follow-up, diabetes incidence was reduced by 34 % in the lifestyle …

Quality Control Measures Over 30 Years In A Multicenter Clinical Study: Results From The Diabetes Control And Complications Trial / Epidemiology Of Diabetes Interventions And Complications (Dcct/Edic) Study., Gayle M Lorenzi, Barbara H Braffett, Valerie L Arends, Ronald P Danis, Lisa Diminick, Kandace A Klumpp, Anthony D Morrison, Elsayed Z Soliman, Michael W Steffes, Patricia A Cleary

GW Biostatistics Center

No abstract provided.

The Cost-Effectiveness Of Diabetes Prevention: Results From The Diabetes Prevention Program And The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study, William Herman

GW Biostatistics Center

Background

The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a randomized, controlled clinical trial. It demonstrated that among high-risk individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes incidence was reduced by 58 % with lifestyle intervention and 31 % with metformin compared to placebo. During the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS), all DPP participants were unmasked to their treatment assignments, the original lifestyle intervention group was offered additional lifestyle support, the metformin group continued metformin, and all three groups were offered a group-implemented lifestyle intervention. Over the 10 years of combined DPP/DPPOS follow-up, diabetes incidence was reduced by 34 % in the lifestyle …

Implementation Of Point-Of-Care Diagnostics Leads To Variable Uptake Of Syphilis, Anemia And Cd4+ T-Cell Count Testing In Rural Maternal And Child Health Clinics., Caroline De Schacht, Carlota Lucas, Nádia Sitoe, Rhoderick Machekano, Patrina Chongo, Laura Guay, Et Al.

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Anemia, syphilis and HIV are high burden diseases among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in four health facilities in Southern Mozambique to evaluate the effect of point-of-care technologies for hemoglobin quantification, syphilis testing and CD4+ T-cell enumeration performed within maternal and child health services on testing and treatment coverage, and assessing acceptability by health workers.

METHODS: Demographic and testing data on women attending first antenatal care services were extracted from existing records, before (2011; n = 865) and after (2012; n = 808) introduction of point-of-care testing. Study outcomes per health facility were compared …

Lattice Study Of Quark And Glue Momenta And Angular Momenta In The Nucleon, M. Deka, T. Doi, Y. B. Yang, B. Chakraborty, S. J. Dong, Terrence Draper, M. Glatzmaier, M. Gong, H. W. Lin, Keh-Fei Liu, D. Mankame, N. Mathur, T. Streuer

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We report a complete calculation of the quark and glue momenta and angular momenta in the proton. These include the quark contributions from both the connected and disconnected insertions. The quark disconnected insertion loops are computed with Z₄ noise, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved with unbiased subtractions. The glue operator is comprised of gauge-field tensors constructed from the overlap operator. The calculation is carried out on a 16³×24 quenched lattice at β=6.0 for Wilson fermions with κ=0.154, 0.155, and 0.1555, which correspond to pion masses at 650, 538, and 478 MeV, respectively. The chirally …

Diffuse Optical Measurements Of Head And Neck Tumor Hemodynamics For Early Prediction Of Chemo-Radiation Therapy Outcomes, Lixin Dong

Theses and Dissertations--Biomedical Engineering

Chemo-radiation therapy is a principal modality for the treatment of head and neck cancers, and its efficacy depends on the interaction of tumor oxygen with free radicals. In this study, we adopted a novel hybrid diffuse optical instrument combining a commercial frequency-domain tissue oximeter (Imagent) and a custom-made diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) flowmeter, which allowed for simultaneous measurements of tumor blood flow and blood oxygenation. Using this hybrid instrument we continually measured tumor hemodynamic responses to chemo-radiation therapy over the treatment period of 7 weeks. We also explored monitoring dynamic tumor hemodynamic changes during radiation delivery. Blood flow data analysis …

Landslide Monitoring And Mapping In Rwanda, Hannah Ballard

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Study Solar Activity In The Backside Of The Sun With The Stereo Mission, Catherine A. Gibbs

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Correlation Between Leader Speed And Peak Current In Natural Lightning, Juan G. Alonso Guzman

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Expression, Purification, And Activity Of Peptidyl-Trna Hydrolase 1 Of Rickettsia Rickettsii, Jessica Osler

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

The Impacts Of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies On Animal Welfare, Sara Shields, Geoffrey Orme-Evans

Animal Welfare Collection

The objective of this review is to point out that the global dialog on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in animal agriculture has, thus far, not adequately considered animal welfare in proposed climate change mitigation strategies. Many suggested approaches for reducing emissions, most of which could generally be described as calls for the intensification of production, can have substantial effects on the animals. Given the growing world-wide awareness and concern for animal welfare, many of these approaches are not socially sustainable. This review identifies the main emission abatement strategies in the climate change literature that would negatively affect animal welfare and …

Radar Absorption, Basal Reflection, Thickness And Polarization Measurements From The Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Jordan C. Hanson, Steven W. Barwick, Eric C. Berg, Dave Z. Besson, Thorin J. Duffin, Spencer R. Klein, Stuart A. Kleinfelder, Corey Reed, Mahshid Roumi, Thorsten Stezelberger, Joulien Tatar, James A. Walker, Liang Zou

Physics

Radio-glaciological parameters from the Moore’s Bay region of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, have been measured. The thickness of the ice shelf in Moore’s Bay was measured from reflection times of radio-frequency pulses propagating vertically through the shelf and reflecting from the ocean, and is found to be 576 ± 8 m. Introducing a baseline of 543 ± 7m between radio transmitter and receiver allowed the computation of the basal reflection coefficient, R, separately from englacial loss. The depth-averaged attenuation length of the ice column, 〈L〉 is shown to depend linearly on frequency. The best fit (95% confidence level) is …

The Effects Of Clay On Glycerol/Carboxylic Acid Polymerization: Implications Of Mineral Controls In Prebiotic Chemistry, Joseph T. Romero

Geology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

Proto-enzymatic catalysis on early Earth is an important consideration in prebiotic chemistry research as it leads to the understanding of the emergence of the metabolic reaction networks. Contemporary enzymes are comprised of either organic or inorganic factors scaffolded by globular protein structure whereas we consider hyperbranched polyesters as a possible extant scaffold that is easier assembled than the peptide one. The goals of this project are to consider prebiotically plausible starting materials for such structure formation utilizing a subset of conditions for polymer synthesis involving the presence of mineral surfaces as well as temperature and hydration differential. As likely candidates …

Global Attractor Of Solutions Of A Rational System In The Plane, Miron B. Bekker, Martin Bohner, Hristo D. Voulov

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We consider a two-dimensional autonomous system of rational difference equations with three positive parameters. It was conjectured that every positive solution of this system converges to a finite limit. Here we confirm this conjecture, subject to an additional assumption.