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Articles 15031 - 15060 of 302421

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Novel Paradigm For Ai-Driven Scientific Research: From Ai4s To Intelligent Science, Feiyue Wang, Qinghai Miao Apr 2023

Novel Paradigm For Ai-Driven Scientific Research: From Ai4s To Intelligent Science, Feiyue Wang, Qinghai Miao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.


Analysis And Methodology Of Helical And Flexible Homopolymer Monte Carlo Simulations, Nathan Roberts Apr 2023

Analysis And Methodology Of Helical And Flexible Homopolymer Monte Carlo Simulations, Nathan Roberts

Honors College Theses

The purpose of my work is to analyze the results of Monte Carlo simulations of various types of polymers: a helical homopolymer and a flexible homopolymer. Specific applications of Monte Carlo polymer simulations and parallel tempering replica exchanges are presented. Using temporal analysis, I aim to measure the efficiency of each type of simulation as it relates to equilibration time. For the helical homopolymer model, equilibration time is expanded upon to analyze the rate of structure generation and relevant hyper-phase diagram. Stable states for helical homopolymers will use data generated from parallel tempering replica exchange Monte Carlo simulations created by …


Bacterial-Mediated Photocatalytic Organic Oxidation, Peter J. Pellegrinelli Apr 2023

Bacterial-Mediated Photocatalytic Organic Oxidation, Peter J. Pellegrinelli

Theses and Dissertations

Bacteria, though well-known and widespread in scientific application, have plenty more opportunity to grow in the field of organic synthesis. The primary objective of this project was to apply the use of bioluminescent bacteria in an organic photoredox reaction intending to use the bacteria as a renewable source of light. This sustainable method, as opposed to high wattage bulbs, paves a green pathway for organic photocatalytic reactions. Using bioluminescent E. coli, the focus was on performing organic oxidation reactions with a recyclable photocatalyst. When using bacteria in conjunction with chemicals like nitromethane, it was an obstacle to keep the E. …


National Residency Matching Program: Looking At The Data Through Linear Regressions, Jacklyn Tellez Apr 2023

National Residency Matching Program: Looking At The Data Through Linear Regressions, Jacklyn Tellez

Undergraduate Theses

The National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) oversees the process of medical school graduates being matched to a residency program. The NRMP determines both the hospital and residency program for medical students. Prior to matching, both hospital programs and students rank each other. The NRMP uses these lists to determine the matches. Four distinct models using data from hospitals and applicants were used to determine what characteristics lead to a chance of being matched. Each model went through multiple rounds of testing to determine the importance of the different independent variables. In each data set, the dependent variable is either the …


Cranks For Partitions With Bounded Largest Part, Dennis Eichhorn, Brandt Kronholm, Acadia Larsen Apr 2023

Cranks For Partitions With Bounded Largest Part, Dennis Eichhorn, Brandt Kronholm, Acadia Larsen

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

For 80 years, Dyson’s rank has been known as the partition statistic that witnesses the first two of Ramanujan’s celebrated congruences for the ordinary partition function. In this paper, we show that Dyson’s rank actually witnesses families of partition congruences modulo every prime . This comes from an in-depth study of when a “multiplicity-based statistic” is a crank witnessing congruences for the function p ` n, m˘ , which enumerates partitions of n with parts of size at most m. We also show that as the modulus increases, there is an ever-growing collection of distinct multiplicity-based cranks witnessing these same …


Computational Design And Molecular Modeling Of Morphine Derivatives For Preferential Binding In Inflamed Tissue, Makena Augenstein, Nayiri Alexander, Matthew Gartner Apr 2023

Computational Design And Molecular Modeling Of Morphine Derivatives For Preferential Binding In Inflamed Tissue, Makena Augenstein, Nayiri Alexander, Matthew Gartner

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The opioid epidemic has impacted over 10 million Americans in 2019. Opioids, like morphine, bind non-selectively in both peripheral tissue, leading to effective pain relief, and central tissue, resulting in dangerous side effects and addiction. The inflamed conditions of injured tissues have a lower pH (pH = 6–6.5) environment than healthy tissue (pH = 7.4). We aim to design a morphine derivative that binds selectively within inflamed tissue using molecular extension and dissection techniques. Morphine binds to the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) when the biochemically active amine group is protonated. Fluorination of a β-carbon from the tertiary amine group led to …


Rigorous Computation Of The Evans Function, Devin Mcghie Apr 2023

Rigorous Computation Of The Evans Function, Devin Mcghie

Theses and Dissertations

We develop computer-assisted methods of proof for rigorous computation of the Evans function in order to prove stability of traveling waves. We use the parameterization method, series solutions, and the Newton-Kantorovich Theorem to obtain precise, rigorous error bounds for the numerical solution of the ODE used in the construction of the Evans function. We demonstrate these methods on a scalar reaction-diffusion model and on the Gray-Scott model.


A Game Theoretical Approach To Optimal Pitch Sequencing, William Melville Apr 2023

A Game Theoretical Approach To Optimal Pitch Sequencing, William Melville

Theses and Dissertations

This paper presents a game theoretical solution to the difficult challenge of optimal pitch sequencing. We model the batter/pitcher matchup as a zero-sum game and determine the equilibrium strategy for both the pitcher and batter. We conclude that the Stackelberg equilibrium and our newly defined decision point equilibrium serve as effective pitch sequencing strategies.


Grazing Effects On The Seed Pool Of Stipa Krylovii And Its Genetic Diversity In Relationship To The Plant Population On A Typical Steppe Community In Inner Mongolia, B. Han, M. Zhao, Walter D. Willms Apr 2023

Grazing Effects On The Seed Pool Of Stipa Krylovii And Its Genetic Diversity In Relationship To The Plant Population On A Typical Steppe Community In Inner Mongolia, B. Han, M. Zhao, Walter D. Willms

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Stipa krylovii is an important tufted forage species on the typical steppe in Inner Mongolia and is sensitive to heavy grazing pressure. Vegetative recovery of plant density is dependent on the seed bank, which is a genetic reservoir that supports the vegetative expression of the species thus enhancing its resilience (McCue and Holtsford 1998). The ability of the seed bank to support the Stipa krylovii population is dependent on its size and genetic diversity. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine the effects of heavy grazing pressure on its seed reserves and examine its genetic diversity in relation to surviving …


Grazing Effects On Genetic Diversity Of Festuca Campestris Rydb. And Stipa Grandis L. On The Native Grasslands In Canada And China, Respectively, M. Zhao, Walter D. Willms, B. Han, G. Han Apr 2023

Grazing Effects On Genetic Diversity Of Festuca Campestris Rydb. And Stipa Grandis L. On The Native Grasslands In Canada And China, Respectively, M. Zhao, Walter D. Willms, B. Han, G. Han

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Genetic drift or selectively neutral mutation in finite populations may result in genetic diversity within a natural population (Kimura, 1986). Genetic diversity influences the resilience of a species to survive perturbations or adapt to changes in its environment. Grazing by livestock may affect genetic diversity by exerting selection pressure on grazing sensitive species. In this study, we examine the effects of heavy sustained grazing pressure on the genetic diversity of Festuca campestris Rydb. and Stipa grandis L. These species are found on the Canadian Plains and the steppes of Inner Mongolia, respectively. Each is an important forage species that dominates …


Hybrids Between Meadow And Smooth Bromegrass: A New Forage Crop For Canada, B. E. Coulman, Y. S. N. Ferdinandez Apr 2023

Hybrids Between Meadow And Smooth Bromegrass: A New Forage Crop For Canada, B. E. Coulman, Y. S. N. Ferdinandez

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) has been an important hay grass in the agricultural regions of western Canada for approximately 50 years. Meadow bromegrass (B. riparius Rehm.) has become the most important pasture species in this region over the last 15 years. It is possible to produce hybrids between these species, which could lead to the development of a type of bromegrass which would be useful for both hay and pasture purposes.


The Evaluation Of Kikuyu Oversown With Ryegrass And Clover In Terms Of Milk Production, Robin Meeske, Philip R. Botha, Hennie A. Snyman Apr 2023

The Evaluation Of Kikuyu Oversown With Ryegrass And Clover In Terms Of Milk Production, Robin Meeske, Philip R. Botha, Hennie A. Snyman

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) comprises the greater part of irrigated summer and autumn pasturage for milk production in the Southern Cape. Milk production per cow is limited by low forage quality. The aim of the study was to determine the milk production from kikuyu (K), kikuyu oversown with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum spp. cv Energa) (KR), kikuyu oversown with a mixture of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv Yatsyn, Dobson) and perennial white clover (Trifolium repens cv Haifa, Waverley) and red clover (Trifolium pratense cv Kenland, Cherokee) (KRC) and kikuyu oversown with a mixture of perennial …


The Seasonal Nutritional Value Of Kikuyu Oversown With Ryegrass And Clover, Robin Meeske, Philip R. Botha, Hennie A. Snyman Apr 2023

The Seasonal Nutritional Value Of Kikuyu Oversown With Ryegrass And Clover, Robin Meeske, Philip R. Botha, Hennie A. Snyman

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

To overcome the seasonality and relatively low forage quality of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum spp.), perennial white (Trifolium repens) and red clover (Trifolium pratense) can be incorporated into an existing kikuyu stand to improve pasture quality and spring production. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of kikuyu (K), kikuyu oversown with annual ryegrass (KR), kikuyu oversown with a mixture of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and perennial white and red clover (KRC) and kikuyu oversown with a mixture of white and red clover (KC), in …


Liveweight Gain Of Lambs Grazing Six Short-Term Ryegrass Cultivars, W. W. Nichol, M. G. Norriss Apr 2023

Liveweight Gain Of Lambs Grazing Six Short-Term Ryegrass Cultivars, W. W. Nichol, M. G. Norriss

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Increasing dry matter (DM) production per ha is a key goal in ryegrass (Lolium) breeding programmes (Easton et al., 2002), based on the assumption that increased DM yield will in turn increase profitability per ha, through an increase in animal productivity. However, the performance of animals grazing pasture can also be modified by the quality of the forage on offer, and the presence of toxins within the pasture. The objective of this study was to compare the liveweight gain per hectare of lambs grazing six short-term ryegrasses, which had been selected for various combinations of improved DM …


Year-Round Grazing Of Beef Cows On Pangolagrass (Digitaria Decumbens Cv.Transvala) Pasture In Southern Area Of Japan, Yuji Nakanishi, Kiyoshi Hirano, A. Shouji Apr 2023

Year-Round Grazing Of Beef Cows On Pangolagrass (Digitaria Decumbens Cv.Transvala) Pasture In Southern Area Of Japan, Yuji Nakanishi, Kiyoshi Hirano, A. Shouji

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The southern area of Japan (Okinawa) has a sub-tropical climate. In this area beef calf production is now based on year-round grazing on giant stargrass (Cynodon aethiopicus Clayton & Haylan). However, the numbers of beef cows in this area are increasing rapidly and a grass with higher productivity than giant stargrass is required. The objective of this experiment was to examine the possibility of using pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens cv. Transvala) pasture in this area.


Agronomic Performance And Genetic Variability Of Panicum Maximum Accessions In The Cerrado Of Federal District, Brazil, F. D. Fernandes, G. B. Martha Jr., Fabio G. Faleiro, Allan K. B. Ramos, R. P. Andrade, Claudio T. Karia, Lourival Vilela, Liana Jank Apr 2023

Agronomic Performance And Genetic Variability Of Panicum Maximum Accessions In The Cerrado Of Federal District, Brazil, F. D. Fernandes, G. B. Martha Jr., Fabio G. Faleiro, Allan K. B. Ramos, R. P. Andrade, Claudio T. Karia, Lourival Vilela, Liana Jank

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In the last three decades, the Brazilian Savanna (locally called "Cerrado") became the most important beef cattle production region in Brazil. Around 90% of all beef produced in the region comes from pasture-based systems. Intensively-managed and fertilised Panicum maximum pastures can be highly productive and economic. As a result, farmers are demanding new P. maximum cultivars for using in well-fertilised pastures or in crop-pasture rotation systems. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and the genetic variability of P. maximum accessions in the Brazilian Cerrado.


Economic Comparison Of Pasture Based Lamb Production Systems In Southern Australia, A. J. Kennedy, A. N. Thompson Apr 2023

Economic Comparison Of Pasture Based Lamb Production Systems In Southern Australia, A. J. Kennedy, A. N. Thompson

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Lamb production enterprises in southern Australia utilise a pasture base as their primary nutrition source due to its low cost. Holmes Sackett & Associates (2003) identified that increasing total lamb weight per hectare by increasing ewe stocking rate, animal genetic potential and weaning percentage can increase enterprise profitability. The limitation of these enterprises is the seasonal and geographic variations impeding pasture production and quality. The 'MoreLamb Quality Pasture' project is demonstrating the benefits of mixing high performing grass, legume and herb species to extend the pasture-growing season and increase pasture quality. Key economic indicators of three pasture systems and commercial …


The Impact Of Tillage System For Small-Grain Pasture Establishment On The Performance Of Growing Beef Calves In Arkansas, P. Beck, S. Gunter, M. Anders, K. Lusby, D. Hubbell Apr 2023

The Impact Of Tillage System For Small-Grain Pasture Establishment On The Performance Of Growing Beef Calves In Arkansas, P. Beck, S. Gunter, M. Anders, K. Lusby, D. Hubbell

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In the United States, governmental regulations mandate the improvement of farming practices to improve environmental quality. There is a requirement to reduce the siltation of waterways, soil carbon losses, and nutrient runoff along the Mississippi River Delta. The use of small-grain forages by grazing cattle offers real opportunities to produce high-quality forage for cattle production during the winter and spring months. No-till and reduced tillage practices developed primarily for grain production may offer environmental and economic solutions for both grain farmers and cattle producers. Producers are slow to adopt conservation tillage practices because of a perceived risk of reduced production. …


Urea Applied To Puccinellia-Based Pastures Increases Pasture And Sheep Production, M. L. Hebart, N. J. Edwards, A. D. Craig, E. A. Abraham, J. D. Mcfarlane, J. E. Hocking Edwards Apr 2023

Urea Applied To Puccinellia-Based Pastures Increases Pasture And Sheep Production, M. L. Hebart, N. J. Edwards, A. D. Craig, E. A. Abraham, J. D. Mcfarlane, J. E. Hocking Edwards

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In the 1950's large areas of native vegetation in the upper south east of South Australia (SA) were replaced with highly productive Hunter River lucerne. This maintained groundwater recharge at near pre-clearing levels. The area of lucerne was reduced dramatically in the late 1970's by a combination of lucerne aphids, wingless grasshoppers and drought. In 1981 severe flooding inundated large areas of the region, causing the saline groundwater to rise to the soil surface. Since that time, dryland salinity has been a feature of the local farming system and salt-tolerant pastures based on puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata) were widely …


Sustainability Of Beef, Dairy And Goat Production With Batiki Grass (Ischaemum Aristatum Var. Indicum) In The Dry Season In Samoa, E. M. Aregheore Apr 2023

Sustainability Of Beef, Dairy And Goat Production With Batiki Grass (Ischaemum Aristatum Var. Indicum) In The Dry Season In Samoa, E. M. Aregheore

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Batiki grass (Ischaemum aristatum var. indicum) was introduced to Samoa from Fiji in the early 1970s to complement other existing natural or unimproved grasses and is now the most common propagated pasture grass in Samoa. The contrast between the wet and the dry seasons has a great impact on the nutritive value of batiki grass. Aregheore (2002) observed reduced growth rate, poor body condition score and low performance in steer calves and goats offered batiki as the sole diet during the dry season. This paper reports on the sustainability of beef, dairy and goat production with batiki grass …


Goose Meat Production Responses To Grass Based Diets, P. Gyüre, G. Nagy, S. Mihók Apr 2023

Goose Meat Production Responses To Grass Based Diets, P. Gyüre, G. Nagy, S. Mihók

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Goose meat and feather production are important elements of farming in Hungary. There were no available data on grass intake by geese or the production potential of grass in goose farming, therefore, we conducted a series of experiments between 2000 and 2003 on goose production responses to grass-based diets.


Supplementing Dairy Cows In Late Lactation With High Quality Silages, Todd A. White, Trevor L. Knight, M. G. Hyslop, Tom J. Fraser Apr 2023

Supplementing Dairy Cows In Late Lactation With High Quality Silages, Todd A. White, Trevor L. Knight, M. G. Hyslop, Tom J. Fraser

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Agriculture on the Canterbury Plains of New Zealand is a mixture of integrated cropping and pastoral enterprises. Cropping farmers often provide supplementary feed for dairy farmers by growing forages for high quality silage. Such silages can improve milk production by increasing dry matter (DM) intake and/or by alleviating deficiencies of either soluble carbohydrate or protein in pasture (Woodward et al., 2002). Legumes and/or cereals have potential to make large quantities of high quality silage (de Ruiter et al., 2002). This trial aimed to determine milk production and composition differences between three silages fed during late lactation.


Whole Crop Cereal Silage In Dairy Production, J. Wallsten, L. Ericson, K. Martinsson Apr 2023

Whole Crop Cereal Silage In Dairy Production, J. Wallsten, L. Ericson, K. Martinsson

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Whole-crop cereal silages (WCCS) are used to some extent in Sweden, but knowledge about the use of this feed for high yielding dairy cows is scarce. The crop is often harvested at different stages of maturity, from heading to yellow ripeness, which gives forages that differ in chemical composition. The purpose of this trial was to compare intake and milk production of dairy cows fed a WCCS based on barley harvested at three different stages of maturity.


Effect Of Potato Pulp Silage Supplementation On Milk Production In Cows Grazing Temperate Pasture, Masaaki Hanada, Y. Aibibula, D. Okumura, Meiji Okamoto Apr 2023

Effect Of Potato Pulp Silage Supplementation On Milk Production In Cows Grazing Temperate Pasture, Masaaki Hanada, Y. Aibibula, D. Okumura, Meiji Okamoto

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In a dairy farming system based on pasture in Japan, maize grain is generally used as an energy source for milking cows, with almost all grain been imported. Potato-pulp is one of the agricultural by-products derived from the starch industry in the northern island of Japan. In our previous study (Aibibula et al., 2004), it was demonstrated that potato pulp could be preserved for a long time by ensiling without additives, and that the digestible energy value of potato pulp silage (13 MJ/kg DM) was almost the same as beet pulp. From these results, it is possible that some …


Weight Gain Of Nellore X Red Angus, Holstein X Zebu, And Nellore Steers Supplemented On Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Marandú Pasture, R. A. Reis, D. Freitas, F. L. Fregadolli, L. M. A. Bertipaglia, T. T. Berchielli, K. T. De Resende, D. S. Ferreira, A. G. Caselli Apr 2023

Weight Gain Of Nellore X Red Angus, Holstein X Zebu, And Nellore Steers Supplemented On Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Marandú Pasture, R. A. Reis, D. Freitas, F. L. Fregadolli, L. M. A. Bertipaglia, T. T. Berchielli, K. T. De Resende, D. S. Ferreira, A. G. Caselli

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Supplementation is a very efficient approach for improving animal performance and gain/ha in grazing systems in tropical conditions. However, care needs to be taken to avoid substitution effects (Moore et al., 1999). Results may also depend on animal genetics and the availability and nutritional value of forage. This trial aimed to evaluate different levels of supplementation using steers from different genetic groups on palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú) pasture during the rainy season.


Suitability Of Selenate Containing Silage Additives For The Supply Of Beef Cattle, Harald Laser Apr 2023

Suitability Of Selenate Containing Silage Additives For The Supply Of Beef Cattle, Harald Laser

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Selenium concentrations in herbage are frequently insufficient (< 100 μg Se/kg dry matter (DM)) to meet the requirements of ruminants. Whereas increasing Se supply by feeding mineral mixtures is a reliable method to prevent Se deficiencies for dairy cows, adequate Se supplementation is more difficult to achieve in extensive systems (McDowell, 1996). A suitable measure could be the addition of Se to herbage before ensiling.


Effect Of Supplementation On Performance And Faecal Particle Size Distribution For Yearling Horses And Weaned Calves Grazing Coastal Bermudagrass, F. M. Rouquette Jr., K. N. Grigsby, D. K. Hansen, G. D. Potter, W. C. Ellis Apr 2023

Effect Of Supplementation On Performance And Faecal Particle Size Distribution For Yearling Horses And Weaned Calves Grazing Coastal Bermudagrass, F. M. Rouquette Jr., K. N. Grigsby, D. K. Hansen, G. D. Potter, W. C. Ellis

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Supplements are often fed, especially to horses, without realistic expectations of the magnitude of performance response nor knowledge of biological or economic efficiencies of supplementation. The objectives of this experiment were to compare performance of weaned calves vs yearling horses grazing 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] (COS) pastures with and without a protein-energy supplement, and to assess faecal particle size distribution for both calves and horses to document digesta dynamics.


West African Dwarf Goat Response To Supplementary Feeding In Cameroon, E. Tedonkeng Pamo, B. Boukila, F. Tendonkeng, J. R. Kana Apr 2023

West African Dwarf Goat Response To Supplementary Feeding In Cameroon, E. Tedonkeng Pamo, B. Boukila, F. Tendonkeng, J. R. Kana

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The production of the West African Dwarf goat (WADG) in Cameroon is very low, because of lack of proper nutrition. Nitrogen content is generally very low and fibre content is high, both in the grass and the crop residues which form the basis of their diet particularly during the dry season. Supplementation of these roughages is a promising way of alleviating nutrient deficiencies. Different types of supplementary feeding have been advocated to boost goat production (Leng, 2003), of which supplementary feeding with leguminous tree leaves is of high merit. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of supplementary …


New Advance In Forage Production And Dairy Industry In China, Zhiqiang Q. Li, J. G. Han Apr 2023

New Advance In Forage Production And Dairy Industry In China, Zhiqiang Q. Li, J. G. Han

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

There were 6.9 million dairy cows in China in 2002 with milk yield of 13 million t. These values were 21.4 and 26.7% higher respectively than in 2001. Milk yield per cow was 1891 kg, 4.4 % higher than in the previous year, but still one third lower than the world average. Milk fat and protein contents were about 3.2 and 3.0 % respectively, a little below the world average. Milk consumption was 10.9 kg per person, much lower than the world average (97.6 kg) So, although great changes have taken place in dairy breeding, forage production and disease control, …


Urea Molasses Multi-Nutrient Block (Ummb) As A Feed Supplement: Effect On Reducing Liveweight Losses In Yaks During The Cold Season Of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, R. J. Long, S. K. Dong, X. H. Wei, J. P. Wu Apr 2023

Urea Molasses Multi-Nutrient Block (Ummb) As A Feed Supplement: Effect On Reducing Liveweight Losses In Yaks During The Cold Season Of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, R. J. Long, S. K. Dong, X. H. Wei, J. P. Wu

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Urea molasses multi-nutrient block (UMMB) has been widely used as a feed supplement to balance nutrition of ruminants fed low-quality forage-based diets in tropical and sub-tropical areas. This study was carried out to determine the effects of UMMB in reducing liveweight loss of both yak cows and calves grazing on low-quality pastures during winter on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.