Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Spectral Material Classification Of Orbital Objects - Applying Machine Learning To Visible And Near-Infrared Spectral Scenes, Stephen M. Stumpf

Theses and Dissertations

MSI and HSI techniques allow users to determine the material composition of an object at range. To avoid labor-intensive manual classification, ML is used to determine the most likely material contained in a given pixel of a target image. Previous work primarily focuses on terrestrial applications; this paper extends these techniques into the low-illumination space situational awareness domain, which is of critical importance to national security. HSI datacubes are preprocessed with RL deconvolution as a means of reducing the effects of the optical PSF; then, statistical ML techniques, including k-NN, LDA, QDA, and SVMs are implemented as means of assigning …

Detection Algorithms And Clutter Metrics Comparison For Long Wave Infrared Point-Source Targets, Rudolf N. Vonniederhausern

Theses and Dissertations

In Infrared Search and Track (IRST) systems, clutter in the image hinders target detection especially in point-source target scenarios. Currently there is not a standardized metric for quantifying background clutter. Many clutter metrics have been proposed, but none have demonstrated effectiveness or compatibility for point-source targets. Factors such as environment conditions, detection algorithm, and correlation coefficient to probability of detection (PD) and false alarm (PFA) are the main considerations in determining the effectiveness of clutter metrics. Determining the most successful metric will increase Air Force Test and Evaluation (T&E) units’ capability by providing additional information on test conditions and environments …

Safe And Reliable Software And The Formal Verification Of Prim's Algorithm In Spark, Brian S. Wheelhouse

Theses and Dissertations

Despite evidence that formal verification helps produce highly reliable and secure code, formal methods, i.e., mathematically based tools and approaches for software and hardware verification, are not commonly used in software and hardware development. The limited emphasis on formal verification in software education and training suggests that many developers have never considered the benefits of formal verification. Despite the challenging nature of their mathematical roots, software verification tools have improved; making it easier than ever to verify software. SPARK, a programming language and a formal verification toolset, is of particular interest for the AFRL, and will be a primary focus …

Strategic Action Execution Through Regret Matching In Press Diplomacy, Leif D. White

Theses and Dissertations

To take most advantage of collaboration, negotiation is paramount to succeed in press Diplomacy. Humans use this construct to work towards self victory or sometimes towards an alternative strategic objective undefined in the game’s rules. To emulate this behavior, this thesis examines how to use communication to enable the victory or defeat of any other player in the game. This research develops a press Diplomacy agent, Lyre, that can work to attain these specific objectives in Diplomacy through the regret matching algorithm (RM). We also study how Lyre can begin Diplomacy with the goal to win, then shift strategies to …

Using Embedded Systems And Augmented Reality For Automated Aerial Refueling, Nathaniel A. Wilson

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of automated aerial refueling (AAR) is to extend the range of unmanned aircraft. Control latency prevents a human from remotely controlling the receiving aircraft as it approaches a tanker. To conform with the size, weight, and power constraints of a small unmanned aircraft, an AAR system must execute in real-time on an embedded platform. This thesis explores the timing and computational performance of a NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin to a state-of-the-art general-purpose computer using existing AAR algorithms. It also constructs an augmented reality framework as an intermediate step for testing vision-based AAR algorithms between virtual testing and expensive …

An Analysis Of Cloud Computing Migration Costs And Effects For Dod Applications, Joseph S. Moore Iv

Theses and Dissertations

The Air Force launched “Cloud One” in 2017. Cloud One provides cloud computing options for military applications. Cloud One provides common secure computing environments, standardized platforms, application migration and support services, and data management. Currently, Cloud One has over one hundred mission applications on board. Although there is information on the cost, performance, personnel requirements, risks, and migration of the commercial sector and cloud options, there is limited recorded information on the same topics for Cloud One. As such, there is a gap in the literature regarding data/feedback for mission applications that have migrated to Cloud One. This research takes …

Fragility Of The Florida Panhandle's Electrical Transmission Grid To Hurricanes, Zachary D. Schumann

Theses and Dissertations

The increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events from climate change necessitates understanding impacts on critical infrastructure, particularly electrical transmission grids. One of the foundational concepts of a grid’s resilience is its robustness to extreme weather events, such as hurricanes. Resilience of the electric grid to high wind speeds is predicated upon the location and physical characteristics of the system components. Previous modeling assessments of electric grid failure were done at the systems level with assumptions on location and type of specific components. To facilitate more explicit adaptation metrics, accurate component-level information is needed. In this study, we build …

Debris Survivability Study For Mega-Constellation Architectures, Joseph C. Canoy

Theses and Dissertations

The analysis for the overall theoretical debris survivabilty of mega-constellation architectures, with an emphasis on space-based ballistic missile defense constellation (SB-BMD), is explored via three extensive different Monte Carlo simulations: preliminary analysis of low Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellation survivabilty following a fragmentation event within the constellation, analysis of LEO mega-constellation survivability with a fragmentation event occurring on a satellite performing a maneuver to insert itself within the constellation, and the analysis of LEO mega-constellation survivabilty after a fragmentation event resulting from the destruction of a missile. The LEO mega-constellations represent the SB-BMD constellation. The first two analysis sections will include …

Evolution Of Coronal Magnetic Field Parameters During X5.4 Solar Flare, Seth H. Garland, Benjamin F. Akers, Vasyl B. Yurchyshyn, Robert D. Loper, Daniel J. Emmons

Faculty Publications

The coronal magnetic field over NOAA Active Region 11,429 during a X5.4 solar flare on 7 March 2012 is modeled using optimization based Non-Linear Force-Free Field extrapolation. Specifically, 3D magnetic fields were modeled for 11 timesteps using the 12-min cadence Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager photospheric vector magnetic field data, spanning a time period of 1 hour before through 1 hour after the start of the flare. Using the modeled coronal magnetic field data, seven different magnetic field parameters were calculated for 3 separate regions: areas with surface |Bz| ≥ 300 G, areas of flare brightening seen …

Design, Determination, And Evaluation Of Gender-Based Bias Mitigation Techniques For Music Recommender Systems, Sunny Shrestha

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The majority of smartphone users engage with a recommender system on a daily basis. Many rely on these recommendations to make their next purchase, download the next game, listen to the new music or find the next healthcare provider. Although there are plenty of evidence backed research that demonstrates presence of gender bias in Machine Learning (ML) models like recommender systems, the issue is viewed as a frivolous cause that doesn’t merit much action. However, gender bias poses to effect more than half of the population as by default ML systems are designed to cater to a cisgender man. This …

Addressing Plastic Pollution Through Green Consumption: Predicting Intentions To Use Menstrual Cups In The Philippines, Alvin Patrick M. Valentin, Ma. Regina Hechanova-Alampay

Quantitative Methods and Information Technology Faculty Publications

Plastic pollution is a global environmental crisis that poses a huge threat to the health of people and marine ecosystems worldwide. A significant source of plastic pollution is menstrual hygiene management, and an approach that can help address this crisis is the usage of washable and reusable menstrual cups. Using an extended theory of planned behavior model that includes self-identity and perceived quality, the study predicted intentions to use menstrual cups in the Philippines. Structural equation modeling results showed that perceived quality predicted attitudes towards menstrual cup usage. Moreover, attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and self-identity predicted intentions to use menstrual …

Precious Plastics - Plastic Brick Machine Fabrication, Timothy Ukaobasi Kanu, Evi Paraskevi Troulis

Architectural Engineering

The goal of this research is to determine the structural parameters of the recycled plastic polypropylene when molded into bricks resembling CMU blocks. To accomplish this, three mechanisms had to be assembled: the shredder, the injector, and the 1x1 mold. A tensile and compression test were to be performed on the plastic brick, and the values would be used to compare the tensile and compressive strength of PP plastic bricks, as well as their modulus of elasticity and stress vs. Strain performance. These values would be analyzed to determine whether it would be feasible to build an entire plastic wall. …

Analysis And Installation Of A Demonstration Agroforestry Orchard For Californian Mediterranean Plant Communities, Brandon Hurd

Master of Science in Environmental Sciences and Management Projects

Climate-appropriate agroforestry can provide low-input food security and ecosystem services for local Californian Mediterranean climates, while conserving natural resources (e.g., water, nitrogen, etc.). This project showcases a variety of agroforestry methods for five common plant communities of California and other analogous Mediterranean climates at the CAFES Experimental Farm on the campus of Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. Plant community species and their ethnobotanical uses were analyzed to mimic and incorporate aspects of native flora. Agricultural plants were also characterized to represent each of the five selected plant communities. GIS was used to assess the project site for soil, slope, and …

Reference Frames In Human Sensory, Motor, And Cognitive Processing, Dongcheng He

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Reference-frames, or coordinate systems, are used to express properties and relationships of objects in the environment. While the use of reference-frames is well understood in physical sciences, how the brain uses reference-frames remains a fundamental question. The goal of this dissertation is to reach a better understanding of reference-frames in human perceptual, motor, and cognitive processing. In the first project, we study reference-frames in perception and develop a model to explain the transition from egocentric (based on the observer) to exocentric (based outside the observer) reference-frames to account for the perception of relative motion. In a second project, we focus …

A Unified Approach To Regression Testing For Mobile Apps, Zeinab Saad Abdalla

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mobile Applications have been widely used in recent years daily all over the world and are essential in our personal lives and at work. Because Mobile Applications update frequently, it is important that developers perform regression testing to ensure their quality. In addition, the Mobile Applications market has been growing rapidly, allowing anyone to write and publish an application without appropriate validation. A need for regression testing has arisen with the growth of different Mobile Apps and the added functionalities and complexities. In this dissertation, we adapted the FSMWeb [14] approach for selective regression testing to allow for selective regression …

A Comparative Analysis Of Viral Aerosol Biological Sampling Efficiency Of A Small Unmanned Aircraft System (Suas)-Mounted Aerosol Sampler And A Reference Static Biosampler®, Jonathan D. Moroz

Theses and Dissertations

Bioaerosol sampling using small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) is a rapidly developing field that may result in a paradigm shift in emergency response and industrial hygiene sampling conventions. These technologies offer decreased sample acquisition times, larger sampling area coverage, and reduced health and safety risks to traditional human sampling teams. This potential requires a comprehensive investigation of sUAS capabilities and limitations. This study is a continuation of the characterization of an AFIT-developed sUAS-mounted aerosol sampler, proven capable of collecting viable vegetative and spore-forming bacteria through previous AFIT research. Within this study, viral biological sampling efficiency (BSE) of the sUAS-mounted aerosol …

Calculating MBh Scaling Relations For Agns Using 2d Galaxy Decomposition Software To Analyse Hst Images, Jewel A. Capili

Physics

This study uses the 2D galaxy decomposition software GALFIT developed by Dr. Chien Peng to analyse Hubble Space Telescope images of 14 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) and obtain their M_BH-spheroid luminosity scaling relations for comparison with previous studies.

Meridional Survey Of The Central Pacific Reveals Iodide Accumulation In Equatorial Surface Waters And Benthic Sources In The Abyssal Plain, Rintaro Moriyasu, Kenneth M. Bolster, Dalton S. Hardisty, David C. Kadko, Mark P. Stephens, James W. Moffett

Faculty Publications

The distributions of iodate and iodide were measured along the GEOTRACES GP15 meridional transect at 152°W from the shelf of Alaska to Papeete, Tahiti. The transect included oxygenated waters near the shelf of Alaska, the full water column in the central basin in the North Pacific Basin, the upper water column spanning across seasonally mixed regimes in the north, oligotrophic regimes in the central gyre, and the equatorial upwelling. Iodide concentrations are highest in the permanently stratified tropical mixed layers, which reflect accumulation due to light-dependent biological processes, and decline rapidly below the euphotic zone. Vertical mixing coefficients (K …

Rate Coefficients For Rotational State-To-State Transitions In H2O + H2O Collisions For Cometary And Planetary Applications, As Predicted By Mixed Quantum-Classical Theory, Bikramaditya Mandal, Dmitri Babikov

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Aims. We present new calculations of collision cross sections for state-to-state transitions between the rotational states in an H₂O + H₂O system, which are used to generate a new database of collisional rate coefficients for cometary and planetary applications.

Methods. Calculations were carried out using a mixed quantum-classical theory approach that is implemented in the code MQCT. The large basis set of rotational states used in these calculations permits us to predict thermally averaged cross sections for 441 transitions in para- and ortho-H₂O in a broad range of temperatures.

Results. It is found that …

Air And Air-Steam Gasification Of Coconut Shell In A Fluidized Bed, Keynty Boy V. Magtoto, Rossana Marie C. Amongo, Sergio C. Capareda, Ronaldo B. Saludes

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Coconut shells’ abundance in tropical countries, along with its high volatile combustible matter (83.51%) and energy content (18.68 MJ kg^-1) make it a good biomass resource and a promising feedstock for gasification. In gasification, different mediums such as air, steam, oxygen, or their combinations can be used to react with the solid carbon and heavy hydrocarbons of biomass. Hence, the effects of using an air-steam mixture as a gasifying agent for the bench-scale fluidized bed gasification of coconut shells were studied. The steam-to-carbon ratio (SCR) was varied to evaluate its effect on the resulting syngas quality and gasification …

The Use Of Open Data Kit (Odk) In Characterizing The Cacao Industry Sites In Panay Island, Rhea J. Subong-Espina, Reynold D. Tan, Christine Mae D. Hernando

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Cacao is one of the world's most valuable export commodities and cash crops. Western Visayas, along with the other regions in the Philippines, has committed to participate in national efforts to strengthen the production capacity of the cacao industry and address prospects and opportunities for the industry growth and development. This paper presents the results of a region-wide study that mapped out and assessed key cacao-producing areas in Western Visayas, specifically Aklan, Antique, Capiz, and Iloilo. The study sought their current production levels, important agricultural properties of farming areas, production densities, and growth potentials. Geospatial data was generated, analyzed, and …

Effects Of Drying Temperature And Tempering Duration On Hybrid Rice Seed Germination, Thin-Layer Drying Characteristics, And Power Requirement, Rina A. Bawar, Joanne P. Foliente, Kevin F. Yaptenco, Mitchie Ann L. Cabiles

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This study presents the results of thin-layer drying tests for hybrid rice seeds. The independent factors were drying air temperature (45, 55, and 65 °C) and tempering duration (1, 2, and 4 h), while the dependent parameters were seed germination and drying characteristics, including drying rate, total and effective drying operation times, and power requirement. Considering one hybrid and 3 mo storage period after drying, the results showed that samples continuously dried at 45 and 55°C resulted in 91 and 86% germination percentages, respectively, which were above the acceptable Philippine national standard of at least 85%. However, when tempered for …

Alegaatr The Bandit, Ethan Pedersen

Theses and Dissertations

One design strategy for developing intelligent agents is to create N distinct behaviors. At each time step during task execution, the agent, or bandit, chooses which of the N behaviors to use. Traditional bandit algorithms often (1) assume the environment is stationary, (2) focus on asymptotic performance, and (3) do not incorporate external information available to them. Each of these simplifications limits these algorithms such that they often cannot be used successfully in practice. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, called AlegAATr, as a step toward overcoming these deficiencies. AlegAATr utilizes a technique called Assumption-Alignment Tracking (AAT), proposed …

Of Inventorship And Patent Ownership: Examining The Intersection Between Artificial Intelligence And Patent Law, Cheng Lim Saw, Zheng Wen Samuel Chan

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Artificial intelligence (“AI”) has garnered much attention in recent years, with capabilities spanning the operation of self-driving cars to the emulation of the great artistic masters of old. The field has now been ostensibly enlarged in light of the professed abilities of AI machines to autonomously generate patentable inventions. This article examines the present state of AI technology and the suitability of existing patent law frameworks in accommodating it. Looking ahead, the authors also offer two recommendations in a bid to anticipate and resolve the challenges that future developments in AI technology might pose to patent law. In particular, the …

H-Plane Siw Horn Antenna With Enhanced Front-To-Back Ratio For 5g Applications, Özlem Akgün, Nurhan Türker Tokan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) antennas are indispensable components in the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems. With the inherent advantages of integration capability, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna is an excellent choice for applications in the mmWave frequency bands. However, reflection losses occur at dielectric-filled thin apertures of SIW antennas. These reflections can be overcome by impedance matching between the aperture and the free space. In this study, we introduce an mmWave SIW horn antenna having impedance matching transitions (IMTs) across the horn's aperture width. The designed antenna, operating in the 24-28 GHz band, is simulated with a full-wave analysis tool. The simulation …

Development Of Two Stage Optimization-Based Demand Response Technique For Smart Homes Under Real Time Pricing, Govind Rai Goyal, Shelly Vadhera

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Residential load management deals with two major objectives viz. minimizing the cost of monthly electricity bill and peak demand of power consumption. Both objectives can be achieved by effective operational scheduling of smart home appliances. These two objectives are conflicting in nature because rescheduling of appliances in order to minimize one objective may result in the rise of another. To achieve both objectives concurrently, an algorithm is suggested in this paper based on artificial intelligent techniques like cuckoo search, hybrid GA-PSO, and adaptive cuckoo search. The proposed algorithm is tested successfully on seven households of different monthly power consumption and …

Teamwork Optimization Based Dtc For Enhanced Performance Of Im Based Electric Vehicle, Anjan Kumar Sahoo, Ranjan Kumar Jena

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The tailpipe emissions caused by vehicles using internal combustion engines are a significant source of air pollution. To reduce the health hazards caused by air pollution, advanced countries are now adopting the use of electric vehicles (EVs). Due to the advancement of electric vehicles, research and development efforts are being made to improve the performance of EV motors. With a nominal reference stator flux, the classical induction motor drive generates significant flux, torque ripple, and current harmonics. In this work, a teamwork optimization algorithm (TOA)-based optimal stator flux strategy is suggested for torque ripple reduction applied in a classical direct …

Non-Hermitian Floquet-Free Analytically Solvable Time-Dependent Systems, Hamed Ghaemi-Dizicheh, Hamidreza Ramezani

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The non-Hermitian models, which are symmetric under parity (P) and time-reversal (T) operators, are the cornerstone for the fabrication of new ultra-sensitive optoelectronic devices. However, providing the gain in such systems usually demands precise control of nonlinear processes, limiting their application. In this paper, to bypass this obstacle, we introduce a class of time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonians (not necessarily Floquet) that can describe a two-level system with temporally modulated on-site potential and couplings. We show that implementing an appropriate non-Unitary gauge transformation converts the original system to an effective one with a balanced gain and loss. This …

P-Adic Cellular Neural Networks, B. A. Zambrano-Luna, Wilson A. Zuniga-Galindo

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this article we introduce the p-adic cellular neural networks which are mathematical generalizations of the classical cellular neural networks (CNNs) introduced by Chua and Yang. The new networks have infinitely many cells which are organized hierarchically in rooted trees, and also they have infinitely many hidden layers. Intuitively, the p-adic CNNs occur as limits of large hierarchical discrete CNNs. More precisely, the new networks can be very well approximated by hierarchical discrete CNNs. Mathematically speaking, each of the new networks is modeled by one integro-differential equation depending on several p-adic spatial variables and the time. We …

Hearing Healthcare Professionals’ Views About Over-The-Counter (Otc) Hearing Aids: Analysis Of Retrospective Survey Data, Vinaya Manchaiah, Anu Sharma, Hansapani Rodrigo, Abram Bailey, Karina C. De Sousa, De Wet Swanepoel

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Over-the-counter hearing aids have been available to consumers in the US since 17 October 2022 following a ruling by the Food and Drug Administration. However, their reception by hearing healthcare professionals (HHP) has been mixed, and concerns have been expressed by many HHPs. The aim of this study was to examine the concerns that HHPs have towards over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids. The study used a retrospective survey design. The survey data of HHPs (n = 730) was obtained from Hearing Tracker. A 22-item structured questionnaire was administered using a Question Scout platform. Descriptive analyses examined reported areas of concern and …