Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Perennial Ryegrasses Bred For Contrasting Sugar Contents: Manipulating Fermentation And Aerobic Stability Of Unwilted Silage Using Additives (2) (Eu-Project ‘Sweetgrass’), H. Howard, P. O'Kiely, G. Pahlow, F. P. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Grass cultivars bred for elevated concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) could have improved silage preservation but possibly disimproved aerobic stability. Additives can be used to manipulate fermentation and thereby increase silage WSC. They can also influence aerobic stability. This experiment evaluated the fermentation and aerobic stability of unwilted silages made from perennial ryegrass cultivars of high or normal WSC genotype that differed in additive use.

Perennial Ryegrasses Bred For Contrasting Sugar Contents: Manipulating Fermentation And Aerobic Stability Of Wilted Silage Using Additives (3) (Eu-Project ‘Sweetgrass’), H. Howard, P. O'Kiely, G. Pahlow, F. P. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Rapid field-drying of grass prior to successful ensilage restricts fermentation and can assist preservation, but can consequently result in silages that are prone to aerobic deterioration at feedout. Additives that directly (e.g. potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate) or indirectly (e.g. formic acid or Lactobacillus plantarum, via manipulation of fermentation) alter yeast activity at feedout could modify silage aerobic stability. This experiment evaluated the fermentation and aerobic stability of wilted silages made from perennial ryegrass cultivars of high or normal water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) genotype that differed in additive use.

The Effect Of Additive Containing Formic Acid On Quality And Aerobic Stability Of Silages Made Of Endophyte-Infected Green Forage, L. Podkówka, J. Mikołajczak, E. Staszak, P. Dorszewski

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Festuca species grasses are very often infected with endophytic fungi Neothypodium, that produce ergotic alkaloids, peramins etc. (Podkówka et al., 2003). Produced green forage can be dangerous to animals. The basic preservation method of such green forages is ensiling, especially with organic acids addition. Organic acids demonstrate destructive action on fungal organisms, as well as influence the quality and aerobic stability of forage. The objective of this study was to determine if the preservation of endophyte-infected green forage by ensiling with formic acid affects quality and aerobic stability of produced fodder.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Data: Mw And Mlmw Water Model Ice Nucleation On A Hydrophilic Substrate With Negative Pressure, Will Cantrell, Tianshu Li, Issei Nakamura, Elise Rosky, Raymond Shaw

Michigan Tech Research Data

This dataset contains the data supporting Figures in the study by Rosky et al., "Molecular simulations reveal that heterogeneous ice nucleation occurs at higher temperatures in water under capillary tension", submitted for publication in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics in February 2023. Input files for reproducing the molecular dynamics simulations are included.

The abstract from the paper reads: Using a molecular model of water freezing on a hydrophilic substrate, it is found that heterogeneous ice nucleation rates occur at higher temperatures in water that is under tension, in other words under negative pressure. For pressures ranging from from 1 atm to …

Patchy Forsterite Clouds In The Atmospheres Of Two Highly Variable Exoplanet Analogs, Johanna M. Vos, Ben Burningham, Jacqueline K. Faherty, Sherelyn Alejandro, Eileen Gonzales, Emily Calamari, Daniella Bardalez Gagliuffi, Channon Visscher, Xianyu Tan, Caroline V. Morley, Mark Marley, Marina E. Gemma, Niall Whiteford, Josefine Gaarn, Grace Park

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

We present an atmospheric retrieval analysis of a pair of highly variable, ∼200 Myr old, early T type planetary-mass exoplanet analogs SIMP J01365662+0933473 and 2MASS J21392676+0220226 using the Brewster retrieval framework. Our analysis, which makes use of archival 1–15 μm spectra, finds almost identical atmospheres for both objects. For both targets, we find that the data is best described by a patchy, high-altitude forsterite (Mg2SiO4) cloud above a deeper, optically thick iron (Fe) cloud. Our model constrains the cloud properties well, including the cloud locations and cloud particle sizes. We find that the patchy forsterite slab cloud inferred from our …

Thin Film Deposition Of Mop, A Topological Semimetal, Robert Browning, Paul Plachinda, Raj Solanki

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

MoP is a topological semimetal which has drawn attention due to its unique electrical and optical properties resulting from massless electrons. In order to utilize these properties for practical applications, it is necessary to develop a technique to produce high-quality, large-scale thin films of this 2D material. We report below our initial results of growth of MoP thin films using atomic layer deposition (ALD), where the film grows layer-by-layer. These films were grown on 5 cm × 5 cm silicon oxide coated Si wafers. Resistivity versus temperature measurements show that these films are metallic and includes a partial superconducting phase. …

Exploring International Rare Earth Industry Landscape Changes And China’S Strategic Responses, Yiding Wu, Zilong Peng, Dan Lai, Shen Zhao, Lu Wang, Weiqiang Chen, Peng Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Rare earth elements are widely identified as critical raw materials to underpin high-end technological innovation and the development of emerging industries, which makes them as important strategic minerals deserved by key international great powers. Since 2011, the United States and other developed nations are quickly fostering the development of their supply chains and industrial ecosystems of rare earth out of China's engagement. Consequently, the new diversified supply pattern of rare earth has been formalizing at global level. Under this full supply chain view, this study performs a deep-dive analysis of international rare earth industry landscape changes in the key stage …

Integrated Ecological Protection And Restoration In The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: Thoughts And Suggestions, Jun Wang, Jian Peng, Bojie Fu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The 20th Party Congress made a significant proposal:"advance the Beautiful China Initiative and take a holistic and systematic approach to the conservation and improvement of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts". The establishment of a sustainable national economy and ecological civilization is a major priority for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). The GBA's current land development and protection situation is briefly summarized in the study, which also analyzes the issues with ecological protection and restoration in terms of whole-factor chain management, cross-regional cooperation, and target patterns. From the viewpoints of the system view, holistic view, synergy view, …

Pollution Control And Carbon Reduction In Whole Industrial Process: Method, Strategy And Scientific Basis, Hongbin Cao, He Zhao, Yuehong Zhao, Di Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As China's environmental protection emission standards are becoming stricter and industrial parks are taking shape, problems such as the lack of stable cooperative treatment technology for toxic pollutants and carbon emission reduction, and the high control cost seriously restrict the sustainable development of economic society and the realization of the strategic goal of carbon emission reduction. Guided by the major environmental protection demand of industries, this study put forward the method, strategy and scientific basis of "Synergistic reduce pollution and carbon in the whole process of industry". Through the coordination of control methods, cross-media, multi-field and multi-factor modeling optimization, the …

Marine Ecological Protection And Restoration: International Agendas And China Action, Ke Duan, Zhengyan Liu, Shengkang Liang, Yanbin Li, Dongliang Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

International conventions and initiatives can promote collective action against global crises, and strengthen the efforts of countries to take concerted actions. This study summarizes the important international agendas related to marine ecological conservation and restoration, and analyzes China's policy mechanism in recent years. It believes that the policies in China and international documents are synergistic and effective in jointly strengthening efforts to respond to the global crisis. This study also puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for China to build a detailed regional marine ecological map, strengthen ecological corridor restoration, improve scientific and technological support systems, and promote international cooperation …

A Mathematical Investigation Of Landauer’S Principle, Paul Bracken

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

A minimal mathematical approach is used to state Landauer’s principle in a precise, general way. The results are obtained by means of a rigorous development which is based on the use of quantum statistical mechanics. A mathematical form of the principle results as an equality rather than an inequality. The equality version does imply the original statement of the principle as introduced by Landauer.

Applying Positional Encoding To Enhance Vision-Language Transformers, Xuehao Liu, Sarah Jane Delany, Susan Mckeever

Conference papers

Positional encoding is used in both natural language and computer vision transformers. It provides information on sequence order and relative position of input tokens (such as of words in a sentence) for higher performance. Unlike the pure language and vision transformers, vision-language transformers do not currently exploit positional encoding schemes to enrich input information. We show that capturing location information of visual features can help vision-language transformers improve their performance. We take Oscar, one of the state-of-the-art (SOTA) vision-language transformers as an example transformer for implanting positional encoding. We use image captioning as a downstream task to test performance. We …

Design And Implementation Of Humidity Sensor Based On Carbon Nitride Modifed With Graphene Quantum Dots, Mohamed Morsy

Nanotechnology Research Centre

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Pulsed Electroacoustic Measurements And Af-Numit3 Modeling Of Polymers Irradiated With Monoenergetic Electrons, Zachary Gibson, J. R. Dennison, Brian Beecken, Ryan Hoffmann

Journal Articles

Successful spacecraft design and charging mitigation techniques require precise and accurate knowledge of charge deposition profiles. This paper compares models of charge deposition and transport using a venerable deep dielectric charging code, AF-NUMIT3, with direct measurements of charge profiles via pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) measurements. Eight different simulations were performed for comparison to PEA experiments of samples irradiated by 50 or 80 keV monoenergetic electrons in vacuum and at room temperature. Two materials, polyether-ether ketone (PEEK) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), were chosen for their very low conductivities so that minimal charge migration would occur between irradiation and PEA measurements. PEEK was found …

Effect Of Residual Sugar In High Sugar Grass Silages On Aerobic Stability, G. Pahlow, R. J. Merry, P. O'Kiely, T. M. Pauly, J. M. Greef

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

New varieties of Lolium perenne, bred for high sugar content, can contain up to 30% of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC). Only a fraction of such high contents are metabolised during a normal fermentation and the high residual sugar content (RSC) of these silages can improve the efficiency of use of nitrogen by ruminants. However, these RSC at opening for feed-out could be preferentially metabolised relative to fermentation products by all aerobically growing fungi and bacteria present on the forage. A high RSC thus can increase the risk of aerobic deterioration over that of extensively fermented silages, containing predominantly organic …

Recent Developments In Methods To Characterise The Chemical And Biological Parameters Of Grass Silage, R. S. Park, R. E. Agnew, M. G. Porter

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Key points

1. Chemical analysis of forages is expensive, time consuming, environmentally unfriendly and relates poorly to the feed value for production purposes.
2. In vivo characterisation of animal feed is not a feasible option in terms of cost and analysis time.
3. NIRS is a rapid, non destructive, environmentally friendly, multi-analytical technique which can estimate the nutritive value of the feed.
4. NIRS predictive equations developed on a master instrument can be transferred to local and international sites.
5. Future assessment of forages necessitates rapid, stable, instrumentation for ‘in field’ studies.

The Effect Of Chop Length And Additive On Silage Intake And Milk Production In Cows, V. Toivonen, T. Heikkilä

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Effects of reduced silage chop length on silage intake and milk production by dairy cows have been variable. Chopping of grass at harvest generally improves silage fermentation quality and consequently intake. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of chopping flail harvested silage ensiled with acid or biological additive prior to feeding on intake, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows.

Evaluation Of Narrow-Row Forage Maize In Field-Scale Studies, W. J. Cox, J. H. Cherney, D. J. R. Cherney

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Some dairy producers in the north-eastern USA adopted narrow row (0.38 m) maize forage production in the mid-1990s because of its 5% dry matter (DM) yield advantage (Cox et al., 1998). These dairy producers, however, continued to plant forage maize at high plant densities (125,000 plants/ha) under high N fertility (225 kg N/ha), despite research that indicated that forage maize had optimum DM yields and forage quality when planted at the recommended 100,000 plants/ha under 175 kg/ha of N fertility (Cox & Cherney, 2001). We evaluated forage maize at 0.38 and 0.76 m (conventional) row spacing under recommended vs. …

The Feeding Value Of Conserved Whole-Crop Wheat And Forage Maize Relative To Grass Silage And Ad-Libitum Concentrates For Beef Cattle, K. Walsh, P. O'Kiely, F. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Grass is the predominant forage ensiled in Ireland. However, the relatively modest yields achieved in a single harvest allied to variability in digestibility and ensilability (and thus in intake and animal performance response) and the likelihood of effluent production create disadvantages for grass silage compared to the potential of some alternative forage crops. Thus, alternative forages are worthy of consideration on many farms. The objectives of this study were to quantify the relative intake, digestibility and performance of beef cattle offered grass silage, forage maize silage and whole-crop wheat (fermented or urea-treated), rank these relative to cattle offered an ad …

Ensiling Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius) As An Alternative Winter Forage Crop In Israel, Z. G. Weinberg, S. Y. Landau, A. Bat-Tal, Y. Chen, M. Gamburg, S. Brener, L. Devash

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Israel is a subtropical country in which the rainy season is in winter, with frequent droughts. Wheat is the major winter forage crop in Israel, along with legumes as rotation crops. Alternative forage crops are sought that would be suitable for semi-arid areas. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is usually grown as a source for oil and pigments but spineless cultivars could be used as fodder. Leshem et al. (2001) reported DM yields up to 22 t/ha and high DM digestibility when used for heifers. When safflower silage substituted maize and wheat silage in the rations of lactating cows, …

Effects Of Two Different Chopping Lengths Of Maize Silage On Silage Quality And Dairy Performance, K. Mahlkow, J. Thaysen

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Maize silage harvested at dough stage contains less fibre structure than grass silage. Due to higher proportions of maize silage in dairy rations and due to the fact that with longer chopping length of maize silage the contribution of fibre structure increases. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of two chopping lengths in the silage on animal performance with respect to feed intake, milk yields and ingredients as well as physiological effects of digestion.

Effect Of Additives At Harvest On The Digestibility In Lambs Of Whole Crop Barley Or Wheat Silage, S. Muhonen, I. Olsson, P. Lingvall

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

There are very few published articles about how silage additives affect digestibility of whole crop silage. In this experiment, male lambs were given whole crop barley or wheat silage harvested at dough stage with a number of different acid-based and bacterial additives.

Use Of Silage Additives In Ensiling Of Whole-Crop Barley And Wheat - A Comparison Of Round Big Bales And Precision Chopped Silages, M. Knický, P. Lingvall

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

An increasing use of whole-crop cereals, as supplementary feed, has increased interest in development of efficient ways of preserving these forages to achieve a high hygienic quality. It is known that ensiling of whole-cereals often results in silages with high concentrations of butyric acid (Weissbach & Haacker, 1988). Furthermore, problems with poor aerobic stability still persist despite the use of lactic acid bacteria (Filya et al., 2000). Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of different types of additive mixtures on the fermentation process and aerobic stability of precision chopped and baled silages.

Mikołaj Kopernik 1473-1543 Astronom - Matematyk, Który Wstrzymał Słońce, Ruszył Ziemię, Polskie Go Wydało Plemię, Polish-Canadian Business Professionals Association Of Windsor, Leddy Library, University Of Windsor

Windsor Polonia

Exhibit on 550th anniversary of Nicolaus Copernicus' birth, in Polish

Azimuthal Correlations In Z +Jets Events In Proton–Proton Collisions At √S = 13tev, Cms Collaboration

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The production of Z bosons associated with jets is measured in pp collisions at √ s = 13 TeV with data recorded with the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.3 fb⁻¹. The multiplicity of jets with transverse momentum p_T > 30 GeV is measured for different regions of the Z boson’s p_T(Z ), from lower than 10 GeV to higher than 100 GeV. The azimuthal correlation Δφ between the Z boson and the leading jet, as well as the correlations between the two leading jets are measured in three regions …

Developing Methods For Measuring In Vivo Lipid Metabolism, Russell L. Denton

Theses and Dissertations

Lipid metabolism is critically important to the normal function of individual cells and for signaling between tissues of the human body. There is a great need to quantify changes in lipid metabolism because of its implications in both normal healthy conditions and during disease development. In our first study, we developed a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based workflow to assess in vivo metabolism of murine brain lipids. This involved sample preparation, data acquisition, and analysis software development and improvements. Regarding sample preparation, we maintained the mice at 5% body water for the duration of the experiment. As mouse metabolism proceeds, …

Rediscovering The Artistic Side Of Mathematics, Bogdan G. Nita, Ashwin Vaidya

LASER Journal

Welcome to the inaugural issue of the LASER, a journal devoted to the problems at the interface of math and art. The terms ’math’ and ’art’ are to be broadly construed to encompass all quantitative sciences and forms of art. The journal’s name, acronym for Linking Art and Science through Education and Research, suggests our interest in the theory, practice and pedagogy of this interdisciplinary subject.

Yield And Composition Of Forage Maize: Interaction Of Harvest Date, Cultivar And Plastic Mulch, E. M. Little, P. O'Kiely, J. C. Crowley, G. P. Keane

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Forage maize is established as a crop with the potential to consistently supply high yields of quality forage on some Irish farms. Despite its success, considerable variability in crop yield, quality and maturity at harvest can exist from year to year. These reflect differing prevailing weather conditions, particularly temperature during May to September. The use of plastic mulch has increased the likelihood of achieving higher yields of high quality crops and has permitted maize production to extend into areas once considered unsuitable for the crop. In this experiment two cultivars of differing maturity were grown with or without plastic mulch …

Fermentation Characteristics Of Maize/Sesbania Bi-Crop Silage, M. Kondo, J. Yanagisawa, K. Kita, H. Yokota

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Maize is one of the main forages for dairy production and is a suitable material for silage making because of high fermentable carbohydrates, high counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and low buffering capacity (BC) (Nishino et al. 2003; McDonald et al. 1991). Whole crop maize silage is high in energy but low in crude protein (CP). On the other hand, legumes are high in CP but difficult to conserve because of their low water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and high BC. It might be possible that maize/legume bi-crop silage compensate for their negative points. Sesbania is a legume originated …

Ensiling Of Tannin-Containing Sorghum Grain, E. M. Ott, Y. Acosta Aragón, M. Gabel

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Sorghum is known as important feed-stuff in tropical regions where rainfall is insufficient for the cultivation of maize. Furthermore, those sorghum cultivars rich in tannins are naturally protected to a certain extent against bird damage, insect pests and moulds. Nevertheless, tannins impair the feed quality. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate whether ensiling could be a suitable preservation method for sorghum grain originally rich in tannins and if it is possible to reduce tannin content during fermentation.