Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Research On Digital Twin Credibility Assessment Process And Index, Fan Yang, Ping Ma, Wei Li, Ming Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the application field expansion of digital twin technology, in order to meet the requirement of digital twin credibility and promote the digital twin credibility assessment, the credibility assessment process and indicators of digital twin are researched. The development process of digital twin is analyzed and the construction method of flexible multi-layer digital twin credibility assessment process model based on IDEF0 is proposed. Two index systems, process-stage-activity layers(P-S-A) and activity-element-feature layers(A-E-F),are proposed to solve the problems of defect backtracking and evaluation of complex objects. Several examples of index system are given.

Machine Learning-Based Simulation Research Of On-Line Subway Pedestrian Flow Control, Jiajie Shi, Peng Yang, Yannan Pi

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In recent years, a large number of digital experiments have been carried out in the field of space launch, such as digital design verification, digital joint training and simulation training, and rocket-ground joint simulation evaluation, all of which involve the space launch information visualization. Through virtual reality technology, system simulation technology, data visualization technology, etc., on the basis of multi-thread, multi-module architecture design idea, and message queue system interaction mode, the space launch visual simulation analysis technology platform with functions of data management, scenario management, calculation management, and script management is constructed. The application cases of visual simulation analysis …

Takeout Distribution Routes Optimization Considering Order Clustering Under Dynamic Demand, Houming Fan, Fushan Xian, Huaiqi Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Takeout distribution optimization includes order allocation and route planning. Aiming at dynamic order and rider position change, with the goal of minimizing the overtime order proportion, average delivery time and average travel distance,a two-stage mathematical model is established based on the idea of pre-optimization and dynamic adjustment. In the pre-optimization stage, an improved variable neighborhood search algorithm is designed to obtain the initial distribution scheme. In the dynamic adjustment stage, a periodic optimization strategy is adopted to transform the problem into a virtual distribution center vehicle problem for solution. In each stage,different clustering methods are used to optimize the …

Online Classification Method For Motor Imagery Eeg With Spatial Information, Fengwei Yang, Peng Chen, Kai Xi, Hualin Pu, Xueyin Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: EEG-based BCI system can help the daily life and rehabilitation training of limb movement disorders patients. Due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and large individual differences of EEG signals, the accuracy and efficiency of EEG feature extraction and classification are not high, which affects the wide application of online BCI system. A CNN with spatial information is proposed for the online classification of MI-EEG signals. The reordered MI-EEG is convolved horizontally and vertically respectively. With the contralateral effect of motor imagery ERD/ERS phenomenon, the spatial information in MI-EEG is fully utilized to achieve the real-time acquisition and classification of …

Simulation Of Occluded Pedestrian Detection Based On Improved Yolo, Nan Xiang, Lu Wang, Chongliu Jia, Yuemou Jian, Xiaoxia Ma

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the high missed detection rates and low accuracy of existing YOLO for occlusion and multi-scale pedestrian targets, an improved pedestrian detection algorithm is proposed. YOLO backbone is modified to enhance the capabilities of cross-scale feature extraction. To increase thepedestrian feature fusion capabilities of different scales, a spatial pyramid pooling module and two attention mechanisms are introduced at different positions in front of YOLO layers. Aiming at the detection performance degradation due to the extreme complexity of network module and to improve the model training efficiency, the network structure is pruned according to the actual …

Research On Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction Based On Loss Extraction Feedback Attention Network, Hong Sun, Yuxiang Zhang, Yuelan Ling

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Since the first application of convolutional neural network to the field of super-resolution image reconstruction (super-resolution convolutional neural network, SRCNN), a large number of studies have proved that deep learning can improve the effect of image reconstruction. Aiming at the too many parameters in the image super-resolution network and the insufficient utilization of image features resulting in less available high-frequency information, a loss extraction feedback attention network (LEFAN) is proposed to reuse parameters in a circular way and increase the reuse of low-resolution image features to capture more high-frequency information. The loss caused in the reconstruction process is extracted …

Design And Implementation Of Industrial Robot Remote Monitoring System In Cloud Manufacturing, Yongkui Liu, Lin Zhang, Yingfu Liu, Jianyong Feng, Bo Yu, Wenbo Niu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Considering the lack of the existing research on cloud manufacturing monitoring system and the lack of scalability and flexibility of existing remote monitoring system, and taking deep reinforcement learning-based industrial robot intelligent grasping as an application scenario, a micro-service architecture-based remote monitoring system for cloud manufacturing is developed, to carry out the requirement analysis and design of the monitoring system, and the remote monitoring of industrial robot intelligent grasping processes is realized. Test results show that the system can meet the monitoring requirements of resource providers, platform operator(s) and service consumers.

Design Of System Combat Simulation Platform For Complex Electromagnetic Environment, Baiyuan Ding, Fuling Mu, Yunpeng Li, Zhongkuan Chen, Chengyu Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: War gaming and simulation can be divided into four levels of strategy、campaign、tactics and technique. Existing system combat simulation platforms of campaign and tactics at home and abroad cannot drive the special model of electromagnetic equipment in technique level, resulting in the low fidelity of battlefield complex electromagnetic environment simulation. To solve the problem, flexible analysis modeling and exercise system(FLAMES) model architecture as the reference, based on the simulation engine library of a discrete event system simulator(ADEVS), a flexible operation simulation platform(FOSim) is designed and developed, which integrates three levels of campaign, tactics and technology, supports three levels independence simulation …

Effects Of Feeding Legume Silage With Differing Tannin Levels On Lactating Dairy Cattle, U. C. Hymes Fecht, G. A. Broderick, R. E. Muck

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Condensed tannins (CT) bind to plant proteins in the rumen, reducing protein degradation to ammonia and increasing milk production and milk protein (e.g. Waghorn, 1987). Previous research showed that the reduced soluble non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content of red clover (Trifolium pratense) silage (RCS) was related to its greater N efficiency relative to lucerne (Medicago sativa) silage (LS) (Broderick et al., 2001). Commercial cultivars of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus; BFT) contain modest levels of CT which reduce NPN formation in silage (Albrecht & Muck, 1991). The objective was to compare silages made from BFT …

An Evaluation Of The Inclusion Of Alternative Forages With Grass Silage-Based Diets On Carcass Composition And Meat Quality Of Beef Cattle Offered Two Contrasting Grass Silages, T. W. J. Keady, F. O. Lively, D. J. Kilpatrick, B. W. Moss

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Recent studies have shown that the inclusion of some alternative forages with grass silage-based diets can increase animal performance of beef cattle. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of including either maize or whole crop wheat (WCW) silages with grass silage-based diets on meat quality of beef cattle offered two levels of concentrate.

Nutritive Value For Finishing Beef Steers Of Wheat Grain Conserved By Different Techniques, P. Stacey, P. O'Kiely, A. P. Moloney, F. P. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Wheat grain harvested at dry matter (DM) concentrations above 860 g/kg is slow to deteriorate during long-term storage. However, high moisture grain (HMG) ranging from below 600 to 750 g DM/kg is conserved on some farms in the form of anaerobic storage of acid-treated, rolled wheat (AR) and urea-treated whole-wheat (UN) (Stacey et al., 2003). This experiment quantified the nutritive value for beef cattle of standard wheat grain (propionic acid-treated and rolled:PR) compared to AR and UN at different levels of intake.

Blood Meal As A Source Of Histidine For Cattle Fed Grass Silage And Barley, R. Berthiaume, C. Lafrenière

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Previous research has shown that cattle fed grass silage are responsive to protected amino acids (Veira et al., 1991). Methionine and lysine were suggested as the most limiting amino acids for grass silage diets. Recently, Korhonen et al. (2000) have shown that histidine is the first limiting amino acids for dairy cows fed grass silage and barley-based concentrates. However, histidine is not available in a rumen protected form and needs to be provided through dietary ingredients. Blood meal is rich in histidine. This trial was designed to determine the effect of increasing histidine supply through blood meal on …

Effect Of Additive Treatment On Meat Quality, V. Vrotniakiene, J. Jatkauskas

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Major components of meat quality are physico-chemical properties (including visual appearance and tenderness) and dietetic properties (i.e. fat content and fatty acid composition) (Razminowicz et al., 2004). Physico-chemical and technological properties of meat are influenced by feeding system, feeds quality and various feeds additives (Brzoska et al., 1999). The aim of the present study was compare the influence of untreated, inoculated and chemically-treated legume-grass silage on carcass composition and physico-chemical properties of meat when fed to fattening bulls.

The Effects Of Alfalfa Silage Harvesting Systems On Dry Matter Intake Of Friesland Dairy Ewes In Late Pregnancy, H. F. Elizalde

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

With the recent introduction of alfalfa in Chilean Patagonia (Aisén), its utilisation as silage has to be reviewed relative to animal performance. The effect of silage chop length on the voluntary intake has been evaluated in different species, with sheep being more sensitive to chop length than cattle (Dulphy et al., 1984). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different alfalfa silage chop lengths on dry matter (DM) intake and eating behaviour of Friesland dairy ewes in late pregnancy.

Replacement Of Maize/Soybean Meal Concentrate By High Moisture Maize Grain Plus Wholeseed Soybean Silage For Cattle, C. C. Jobim, A. F. Branco, V. F. Gai, U. Cecato

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Ensiling high moisture maize grain with wholeseed soybean can increase quality of silage, mainly in relation to protein and energy (Jobim et al., 2002) working as concentrate. This fact contributes to reduced use of concentrate and costs for milk and beef production, and costs related to grain storage on the farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of high moisture maize grain plus wholeseed soybean silage through partial and total digestibility in cattle.

Effect Of Feeding Red Clover, Lucerne And Kale Silage On The Voluntary Intake And Liveweight Gain Of Growing Lambs, R. Fychan, C. L. Marley, M. D. Fraser, R. Jones

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Despite a need for alternative forages to provide home-grown sources of protein (Wilkins & Jones, 2000), there have been few studies comparing the effects of such forages on lamb production when fed as silage. In this experiment the effects of offering ensiled red clover (Trifolium pratense), lucerne (Medicago sativa) and kale (Brassica oleracea) on voluntary intake and liveweight gain in growing lambs were compared.

Feeding Mixed Grass-Clover Silages With Elevated Sugar Contents To Dairy Cows, J. Bertilsson

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Grasses with high sugar content (WSC) have been claimed to increase feed intake and milk production and at the same time give more efficient N utilisation and thus reduce pollution (e.g. Miller et al., 2001). In an ongoing EU-supported project (“Sweetgrass”), we have grown the new varieties of perennial ryegrasses and fed them to dairy cows. Results from the first year’s experiment when pure ryegrass silages made from standard or high-sugar varieties were fed, showed small differences in feed intake, milk production and N partitioning. In order to test the principle, it was therefore decided to increase the difference …

An Evaluation Of Grain Processing And Storage Method, And Feed Level On The Performance And Meat Quality Of Beef Cattle Offered Two Contrasting Grass Silages, T. W. J. Keady, F. O. Lively, D. J. Kilpatrick

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Traditionally cereals have been dried or treated with propionic acid and processed prior to feeding to finishing beef cattle. Recently new techniques have been developed for storing and feeding grain to beef cattle. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of grain storage and processing method, and grain feed level on performance and meat quality of beef cattle offered two contrasting feed value grass silages.

Modelling Contamination Of Raw Milk With Butyric Acid Bacteria Spores, M. M. M. Vissers, F. Driehuis, P. De Jong, M. C. Te Giffel, J. M. G. Lankveld

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Raw milk contains low concentrations of bacterial endospores, originating from the farm environment (e.g. soil, feeds, faeces). Spores of Clostridium tyrobutyricum, also called butyric acid bacterium (BAB), are of great interest to the dairy industry. They survive milk pasteurisation and cause off-flavours and texture defects in various cheese types. The contamination pathway of BAB spores is well known. Their primary origin is soil. In silage the number of spores will increase if conditions permit BAB growth. The spores are excreted in the cows faeces and are transferred to milk by contaminated teat surfaces. Many factors are involved in the …

Feeding With Badly Preserved Silages And Occurrence Of Subclinical Ketosis In Dairy Cows, F. Vicente, B. De La Roza, A. Argamentería, M. L. Rodríguez, M. Peláez

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Ketosis in dairy cows is due to high levels of circulating ketone bodies in blood (Duffiel, 2000). In early lactation, the capacity of voluntary dry matter intake does not allow dairy cows to cover the total energy requirements for maintenance and production, and then the body reserves are mobilised. However, the amounts of fatty acids that can be metabolised in the liver are limited, later they are converted to ketone bodies (Tveit et al., 1992). During forage ensiling, acetic and lactic fermentations only are desirable, but frequently butyric and alcoholic fermentations appear. When the animals ingest these silages, the …

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content Of Milk From Cows Fed Different Diets, E. Staszak, J. Mikołajczak

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (c-9, c-12 C_18:2). Conjugated linoleic acid occurs naturally in foods, however the main dietary sources are dairy products and other foods derived from ruminants. Continuous interest in CLA is attributed to its potential health benefits such as anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, antidiabetic and antiadipogenic effects (Dhiman et al., 1999, Staszak et al., 2001). Typical consumption of CLA by humans is far lower than the dose that has been shown to be effective in reducing tumours in animal models (Dhiman et al., 1999), …

Effects Of Access Time To Feed And Sodium Bicarbonate In Cows Given Different Silages, T. Heikkilä, V. Toivonen

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Animal performance is closely related to silage intake, which might be affected by access time to feed, silage fermentation quality or using neutralising agents. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of access time to silage or addition of sodium bicarbonate on silage intake, milk yield and milk composition in diets based on restrictively fermented acid-treated or extensively fermented enzyme-treated grass silage.

Dairy Cow Performance Associated With Two Contrasting Silage Feeding Systems, C. P. Ferris, D. C. Patterson, R. C. Binnie, J. P. Frost

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

As a result of increasing labour costs, the lack of skilled labour, and the desire of many farmers to reduce their working hours, there is considerable interest in using simple feeding systems for dairy cows. A study was conducted to compare two silage feeding systems that differed in complexity.

Pea-Barley Bi-Crop Silage In Milk Production, M. Tuori, P. Pursiainen, A. -R. Leinonen, V. Karp

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Whole crop silage (WCS) from barley or wheat has many advantages as roughage feed. The possibility to use the same harvest machinery as in harvesting grass reduces investment costs. The farms which are specialised in grass production may have shortage of open field area for manure spreading, in which case WCS can be the answer. However, digestibility and protein content of WCS is usually lower than in grass silage, which is limiting the feed intake and performance of the dairy cows. Cultivation of grains with grain legumes increases digestibility and protein content of the stand (Lunnan, 1988). Feeding of bi-crop …

Effect Of Supplementing Grass Silage With Incremental Levels Of Water Soluble Carbohydrate On In Vitro Rumen Microbial Growth And N Use Efficiency, D. R. Davies, D. K. Leemans, R. J. Merry

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The efficiency of utilisation of N for milk production in dairy cows is often less than 25% and a shortfall in readily available carbohydrate to provide substrate for microbial growth is often cited as a potential problem. Grasses bred for their high water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content have potential to address this issue but there is limited information on the level of sugar required to optimise rumen microbial growth efficiency. The objective of this experiment was to examine the effect of different concentrations of WSC on the efficiency of use of grass silage N under in vitro conditions.

Responses To Grass Or Red Clover Silages Cut At Two Stages Of Growth In Dairy Cows, A. Vanhatalo, K. Kuoppala, S. Ahvenjärvi, M. Rinne

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Red clover has an important role in organic farming, and also potential to reduce dependence on N fertilisers in conventional farming. This experiment compared dairy cow responses to grass and red clover silages cut at two stages of growth.

Whole Crop Silage From Barley Fed In Combination With Red Clover Silage To Dairy Cows, J. Bertilsson, M. Knicky

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Grass silage is the basic feed in Swedish dairy cow rations. The nitrogen utilisation in this type of diet is, however, low. A combination of forage legume protein and whole crop silage carbohydrates might be a solution to this problem. From other countries in Northern Europe the experience from feeding barley whole crop silage in combination with legumes is that it is possible to maintain a reasonably high milk production and at the same time have a good protein utilisation (Kristensen, 1992).

Update On Technologies For Producing And Feeding Silage, P. D. Forristal, P. O'Keily

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Key Points

1. Mechanisation and engineering inputs are key factors which contribute to silage costs.
2. Sensing technologies will improve management precision in many areas of ensilage.
3. While current harvesting machines have high output capacity reflecting mature design, there is a need to revisit the area of energy efficiency.
4. Baled silage technology, particularly in the areas of covering film and wrapping technology, needs further research.
5. Feeding systems are well researched but there is a need for systems research to underpin farmers’ decisions concerning housing design and feeding system.

Silage Production From Tropical Forages, Luiz Gustavo Nussio

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Key Points

1. The determination of overall DM recovery is important in tropical grass silage systems
2. Silage fermentation profile and aerobic stability: trends and additional effects
3. Combinations of chemical and microbial additives might be useful for control of losses
4. Fermentation products should be considered in order to better predict animal performance
5. A critical points database would be a helpful management tool for the development of a set of HACCP principles for the production and utilisation of tropical grass silages

Effect Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars On The Fatty Acid Composition In Milk Of Stall-Fed Cows, A. Elgersma, H. J. Smit, G. Ellen, S. Tamminga

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Herbage provides bulk feed for ruminants and plant lipids, especially C18:3, are a major source of benefical fatty acids (FA) in milk. There are very few direct comparisons allowing a precise evaluation of the effects of the basal forage diet on milk FA composition. Grass quality differences can affect rumen metabolism and there could be opportunities to change the composition of ruminant products through choice of grass cultivar. To test this hypothesis, six cultivars were fed to dairy cows in a stall-feeding trial with fresh grass to evaluate the effect of grass cultivar on rumen VFA and milk FA composition …