Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Design And Cold Test Of A Metamaterial Accelerating Structure For Two-Beam Acceleration, Dillon Christopher Merenich

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Structure-based wakefield acceleration (SWFA) is an advanced accelerator concept that can achieve higher accelerating gradients than conventional accelerators. Advanced structures are required for SWFA, with metamaterial (MTM) structures as a promising candidate. MTMs are periodic sub-wavelength structures engineered to exhibit exotic electromagnetic properties, such as simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability. Because of their unique electromagnetic properties, MTMs are particularly interesting to SWFA. Previous studies at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator have demonstrated efficient wakefield power extraction using MTM structures. This thesis presents the design, fabrication, and cold test of an X-band MTM accelerating structure for two-beam acceleration. An MTM structure was …

Thermal Analysis Of Thermal Shield For Pip-Ii Ssr1 Cryomodule, Victor Aguado Rodriguez

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Fermilab's PIP-II project plans to enhance the onsite accelerator into the world's most intense neutrino beam, bringing Fermilab into the next generation of particle accelerators. The five different types of cryomodules are vital parts of the PIP-II project and each requires numerous engineering analyses to prove operation. For example, the thermal shield of the Single Spoke Resonator-1 (SSR1) cryomodule required a thermal analysis to ensure the design was operating as intended before fabrication commenced. The thermal shield is cooled by the supercritical helium inside of the extrusion and must remain between 45 and 80 Kelvin. The main purpose of the …

Carbonate Chemistry And Carbon Sequestation Driven By Inorganic Carbon Outwelling From Mangroves And Saltmarshes, Gloria M. S. Reithmaier, Alex Cabral, Anirban Akhand, Matthew J. Bogard, Alberto V. Borges, Steven Bouillon, David J. Burdige, Mitchell Call, Nengwang Chen, Xiaogang Chen, Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr., Meagan J. Eagle, Erik Kristensen, Kevin D. Kroeger, Zeyang Lu, Damien T. Maher, J. Lucas Pérez-Lloréns, Raghab Ray, Pierre Taillardat, Joseph J. Tamborski, Rob C. Upstill-Goddard, Faming Wang, Zhaohui Aleck Wang, Kai Xiao, Yvonne Y.Y. Yau, Isaac R. Santos

OES Faculty Publications

Mangroves and saltmarshes are biogeochemical hotspots storing carbon in sediments and in the ocean following lateral carbon export (outwelling). Coastal seawater pH is modified by both uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and natural biogeochemical processes, e.g., wetland inputs. Here, we investigate how mangroves and saltmarshes influence coastal carbonate chemistry and quantify the contribution of alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) outwelling to blue carbon budgets. Observations from 45 mangroves and 16 saltmarshes worldwide revealed that >70% of intertidal wetlands export more DIC than alkalinity, potentially decreasing the pH of coastal waters. Porewater-derived DIC outwelling (81 ± 47 mmol m^{−2 …}

Providing A Framework For Seagrass Mapping In United States Coastal Ecosystems Using High Spatial Resolution Satellite Imagery, Megan M. Coffer, David D. Graybill, Peter J. Whitman, Blake A. Schaeffer, Wilson B. Salls, Richard C. Zimmerman, Victoria Hill, Marie Cindy Lebrasse, Jiang Li, Darryl J. Keith, James Kaldy, Phil Colarusso, Gary Raulerson, David Ward, W. Judson Kenworthy

OES Faculty Publications

Seagrasses have been widely recognized for their ecosystem services, but traditional seagrass monitoring approaches emphasizing ground and aerial observations are costly, time-consuming, and lack standardization across datasets. This study leveraged satellite imagery from Maxar's WorldView-2 and WorldView-3 high spatial resolution, commercial satellite platforms to provide a consistent classification approach for monitoring seagrass at eleven study areas across the continental United States, representing geographically, ecologically, and climatically diverse regions. A single satellite image was selected at each of the eleven study areas to correspond temporally to reference data representing seagrass coverage and was classified into four general classes: land, seagrass, no …

Quantum Computing And Its Applications In Healthcare, Vu Giang

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

This paper serves as a review of the state of quantum computing and its application in healthcare. The various avenues for how quantum computing can be applied to healthcare is discussed here along with the conversation about the limitations of the technology. With more and more efforts put into the development of these computers, its future is promising with the endeavors of furthering healthcare and various other industries.

Machine Learning Methods For Prediction Of Human Infectious Virus And Imputation Of Hla Alleles, Xiaoqing Gao

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This dissertation contains three Chapters. The following is a concise description of each Chapters.

In Chapter 1, we introduced the Random Forest, a machine learning method, to foresee whether a virus is capable of infecting humans. The Covid pandemic informs us the importance of predicting the ability of a zoonotic virus that can infect humans from its genomic sequence. We used the -mer with and as features of a virus to predict if it can affect humans. We further employed the Boruta algorithm to select the important features, then fed those important features into the Random Forest method to train …

Biophysical Insights Into Peptide And Alcohol Perturbations On Biomimetic Membranes, Michael Hai Nguen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biological membranes exist in every domain of life. Life exists due to the presence of these special structures for which we take for granted. They are composed of fatty lipids and workhorse proteins and act as the premier interface of biological processes. Due to the sheer quantity and complexity within their thin boundary, studying their actions and properties pose challenges to researchers. As a result, simplified biomembrane mimics are employed regularly. We will use several types of biomembrane mimics to understand fundamental properties of membranes. In the present thesis, we also attempt to move beyond the canonical structure-based theories upon …

Stem Education And Retention For Black Women Using High-Impact Practices: Historically Black Colleges And Universities Vs. Predominantly White Liberal Arts Colleges, Annette Njei

CMC Senior Theses

Black women are significantly underrepresented within the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). To address this, the Association of American Colleges & Universities crafted ten high-impact practices to increase student engagement and promote retention. This research paper examines how three specific high-impact practices (learning communities, mentoring, and undergraduate research experience) are utilized in STEM education.This research paper explores and compares the best high impact approaches that successfully teach and retain Black women within the various fields of STEM within the differing academic environments of historically Black colleges & universities ( HBCUs) and predominantly white liberal art colleges (PWLACs). …

High Performance Computing Algorithms For Accelerating Peptide Identification From Mass-Spectrometry Data Using Heterogeneous Supercomputers, Muhammad Haseeb, Fahad Saeed, Ed.

School of Computing and Information Sciences

Fast and accurate identification of peptides and proteins from the mass spectrometry (MS) data is a critical problem in modern systems biology. Database peptide search is the most commonly used computational method to identify peptide sequences from the MS data. In this method, giga-bytes of experimentally generated MS data are compared against tera-byte sized databases of theoretically simulated MS data resulting in a compute- and data-intensive problem requiring days or weeks of computational times on desktop machines. Existing serial and high performance computing (HPC) algorithms strive to accelerate and improve the computational efficiency of the search, but exhibit sub-optimal performances …

Automating Intersection Marking Data Collection And Condition Assessment At Scale With An Artificial Intelligence-Powered System, Kun Xie, Huiming Sun, Xiaomeng Dong, Hong Yang, Hongkai Yu

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Intersection markings play a vital role in providing road users with guidance and information. The conditions of intersection markings will be gradually degrading due to vehicular traffic, rain, and/or snowplowing. Degraded markings can confuse drivers, leading to increased risk of traffic crashes. Timely obtaining high-quality information of intersection markings lays a foundation for making informed decisions in safety management and maintenance prioritization. However, current labor-intensive and high-cost data collection practices make it very challenging to gather intersection data on a large scale. This paper develops an automated system to intelligently detect intersection markings and to assess their degradation conditions with …

More On Complex Hesitant Fuzzy Graphs, Abdulazeez Alkouri, Eman A. Abuhijleh, Ghada Alafifi, Eman Almuhur, Fadi M.A. Al-Zubi

All Works

Correctly determining a company’s market worth during an entire year or a certain period presents a difficulty to decision-makers. In the case of the merger of companies, the need performs heavier when both the companies’ owners are attracted to establishing a fair price at the optimal time to merge. The effectiveness of representing, connecting and manipulating both uncertainty and periodicity information becomes highly required. Hence, study and nhance some properties and conditions of the algebraic structure of complex hesitant fuzzy graphs. Therefore, the degree of composition between two complex hesitant fuzzy graphs is proposed. Also, the formal definitions of union, …

Implementation Of Course Structure In Stem Courses For Student Motivation And Learning, And Lab Innovation, Muzammil Arshad, Mamoona Muzammil

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The present study is an extension of implementation of the course structure which was initially designed, developed and implemented at Texas A&M University for engineering courses. This study extends its implementation to other STEM courses to assess its applicability and effectiveness in science related courses. The course structure is employed at the Chemistry department at University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV). The present study is an autoethnography of the implementation of the course structure and its effectiveness assessment. This study highlights the implementation of the course structure considering student motivation and learning since student motivation is an important research …

Maximizing Productivity And Quality In Senior Thesis Writing With Artificial Intelligence And Natural Language Processing Driven Tools, Lauren Leadbetter

CMC Senior Theses

This project is a Python program designed to generate a senior thesis on a user-
inputted topic using natural language processing techniques. The program takes in a
topic from the user and then uses OpenAI API to deploy text models for text genera-
tion and evaluation, such as GPT-3 and Davinci-003. The resulting output is in .tex
format and includes a first-draft outline and paper, followed by self-generated assessment, with scoring, revisions, and feedback comments instructing manual revisions.

This submission is a sample using one available model of the project, meant to
demonstrate it’s functionality and limitations. Further model versions …

Statistical And Machine Learning Analysis Of The Human Brain Functional Network In A Multi-Site Resting-State Functional Mri Database Framework, Oswaldo Artiles, Fahad Saeed, Ed.

School of Computing and Information Sciences

The human brain has a complex network structure that is non-random and multiscale. It consists of subsystems coupled by a nonlinear dynamic, enabling it to produce complex responses to various external inputs and self-organize. To understand the physical structure and specific brain functions, it is essential to comprehend the connectivity of the hundreds of billions of neurons in the human brain. Functional connectivity (FC) in modern neuroscience is the statistical temporal dependencies between neuronal activation events occurring in spatially separated brain regions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique widely used in neuroscience to understand the …

State And Transition Models For Tussock Grasslands And Woodlands Of The Kimberley: Final Project Report, Anna E. Richards, Brett Abbott, Robert Sudmeyer, Matthew Fletcher, Kath Ryan, Suzanne Prober, Philip Thomas, Pouria Ramzi, Jodie Hayward, Chris Hetherington, Karyn Reeves, Wayne J. Fletcher

Natural resources commissioned reports

The Kimberley region in north-west Western Australia is covered by extensive savanna woodlands and tussock grasslands. Approximately half the region is under pastoral leases predominately used for beef production. The Western Australian (WA) government Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) undertakes lease assessment and inspection to ensure the maintenance of pastoral land condition (maintenance of perennial grass cover that supports livestock grazing and soil condition). This presents several challenges around defining land condition and practices that support and improve long-term ecological sustainability of pastoral lands. The objective of this project was to develop state and transition models (S&TMs) …

Novel Quantum Materials For Spintronic And Opto-Electronic Applications, Ali Sarikhani

Doctoral Dissertations

"Multi-functional quantum materials play a crucial role in the development of spintronics and opto-electronics, as their properties can greatly influence device performance. For instance, in spintronics, materials such as ferromagnetic half-metals, Giant Magnetoresistants (GMR), and magnetic semiconductors have been extensively studied due to their ability to manipulate the spin of electrons for applications in magnetic storage. In opto-electronics, materials such as Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors (DMS) and non-oxide Transparent Conductors (TC) offer advantages such as tunable bandgap and high absorption coefficients, which enable improved device performance.

For this purpose, we have experimentally investigated the compounds that have shown theoretically interesting physical …

Pakistan's Contribution To The Global Rise In Conventional Pollution, Emily Warner

CMC Senior Theses

This thesis examines the impact of conventional pollutants on the environment, communities, and individuals in Pakistan. It begins by investigating the causes of conventional pollutants and exploring Pakistan’s agricultural industry, domestic practices, non-renewable energy sources, and industrial practices (the brick industry, leather tanning industry, and textile industry). It then analyzes factors that continue to contribute to conventional pollution in Pakistan such as economic incentives, politics, and traditional practices within industries. Exploring the measures that have been taken by Pakistan and other organizations to decrease conventional pollutants, it then suggests potential opportunities for improvement.

Description Of Quantum Interference Using Mixed Quantum/Classical Theory Of Inelastic Scattering, Dulat Bostan, Bikramaditya Mandal, Carolin Joy, Dmitri Babikov

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Manifestation of the quantum interference effect in the oscillation of scattering cross section is explored using the N₂ + O system as a case study. Calculations are carried out for two electronic PESs of the system, for various initial rotational states of N2, in a broad range of N₂ + O collision energies and using three theoretical methods: two versions of the approximate mixed quantum/classical theory (MQCT and AT-MQCT) and the accurate full-quantum coupled-channel method (implemented in MOLSCAT). A good agreement between different methods is observed, especially at high energies. Elastic scattering cross-sections oscillate as a function of …

What Moves The Needle On Dfw Rates And Student Success In General Chemistry? A Quarter-Century Perspective, Vijay Vyas, Scott A. Reid

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Second-term general chemistry is a key gateway course at our institution for a variety of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) majors. Herein, we examine data on DFW% (i.e., % of D and F grades and withdrawals) in our general chemistry courses over roughly a quarter-century period, focusing on sections taught by the authors. The data are discussed in light of changes in curriculum, pedagogy, and assessments, which included introduction of recitation sections, classroom response systems (clickers), and online homework, restructuring of course content into a modular format, followed by a redesign of the course modules along an anchoring concepts …

Impact Of A Low-Stakes Assessments Model With Retake In General Chemistry: Connecting To Student Attitudes And Self-Concept, Vijay Vyas, Llanie Nobile, James R. Gardinier, Scott A. Reid

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Across a variety of fields, the use of low-stakes assessments has led to reductions in achievement gaps and improved student success. Here, we probe the use of a low-stakes assessment model with a retake option for failed quizzes in a two-semester general chemistry sequence. We find that the quiz-retake rate in general chemistry II was significantly higher for students who had completed a retake in a general chemistry I section, and the percentage of students who failed at least one quiz in general chemistry I but passed all quizzes in general chemistry II was significantly higher for students who had …

Generalization Of Statistical Limit-Cluster Points And The Concepts Of Statistical Limit Inferior-Superior On Time Scales By Using Regular Integral Transformations, Ceylan Yalçin

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

With the aid of regular integral operators, we will be able to generalize statistical limit-cluster points and statistical limit inferior-superior ideas on time scales in this work. These two topics, which have previously been researched separately from one another sometimes only in the discrete case and other times in the continuous case, will be studied at in a single study. We will investigate the relations of these concepts with each other and come to a number of new conclusions. On some well-known time scales, we shall analyze these ideas using examples.

A Note On $Ss$-Supplement Submodules, Emi̇ne Önal Kir

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we describe $ss$-supplement submodules in terms of a special class of endomorphisms. Let $R$ be a ring with semisimple radical and $P$ be a projective $R-$module. We show that there is a bijection between ss-supplement submodules of $P$ and ss-supplement submodules of $End_{R}(P)$. Moreover, we define radical-s-projective modules as a generalization of projective modules. We prove that every $ss$-supplement submodule of a projective $R-$module is radical-s-projective over the ring $R$ with semisimple radical. We show that over $SSI$-ring $R$, every radical-s-projective $R-$module is projective. We provide that over a ring $R$ with semisimple radical, every $ss$-supplement submodule …

Bi-Periodic Incomplete Horadam Numbers, Eli̇f Tan, Mehmet Dağli, Amine Belkhir

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we introduce bi-periodic~incomplete~Horadam numbers as a natural generalization of incomplete Horadam numbers. We study their basic properties and provide recurrence relations. In particular, we derive the generating function of these numbers.

On Solvability Of Homogeneous Riemann Boundary Value Problems In Hardy-Orlicz Classes, Yusuf Zeren, Fi̇dan A. Ali̇zadeh, Feyza Eli̇f Dal

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This work deals with the Orlicz space and the Hardy-Orlicz classes generated by this space, which consist of analytic functions inside and outside the unit disk. The homogeneous Riemann boundary value problems with piecewise continuous coefficients are considered in these classes. New characteristic of Orlicz space is defined which depends on whether the power function belongs to this space or not. Relationship between this characteristic and Boyd indices of Orlicz space is established. The concept of canonical solution of homogeneous problem is defined, which depends on the argument of the coefficient. In terms of the above characteristic, a condition on …

Contiguity Distance Between Simplicial Maps, Ayşe Borat, Mehmetci̇k Pamuk, Tane Vergi̇li̇

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

For simplicial complexes and simplicial maps, the notion of being in the same contiguity class is defined as the discrete version of homotopy. In this paper, we study the contiguity distance, $SD$, between two simplicial maps adapted from the homotopic distance. In particular, we show that simplicial versions of $LS$-category and topological complexity are particular cases of this more general notion. Moreover, we present the behaviour of $SD$ under the barycentric subdivision, and its relation with strong collapsibility of a simplicial complex.

Boundedness Of Bergman Projections Acting On Weighted Mixed Norm Spaces, Ivana Savkovic

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We prove that Bergman projections on weighted mixed norm spaces on smoothly bounded domains in $\mathbb{R}^n$ are bounded for a certain range of parameters of such spaces and assuming certain conditions on weights. The proof relies on estimates of integral means of $M_p(P_\gamma f, r)$ in terms of integral means of $f$. This result complements earlier result on boundedness of $P_\gamma$ on a closely related space $L^{p,q}_\alpha(\Omega).$

A Calculus For Intuitionistic Fuzzy Values, Enes Yavuz

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We introduce $^\oplus$calculus and $^\otimes$calculus for intuitionistic fuzzy values and prove some basic theorems by using multiplicative calculus which has useful tools to represent the concepts of introduced calculi. Besides, we construct some isomorphic mappings to interpret the relationships between $^\oplus$calculus and $^\otimes$calculus. This paper reveals also new calculi for fuzzy sets in particular.

Lyapunov-Type Inequalities For $(\Mathtt{N},\Mathtt{P})$-Type Nonlinear Fractional Boundary Value Problems, Paul W. Eloe, Muralee Bala Krushna Boddu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This paper establishes Lyapunov-type inequalities for a family of two-point $(\mathtt{n},\mathtt{p})$-type boundary value problems for Riemann-Liouville fractional differential equations. To demonstrate how the findings can be applied, we provide a few examples, one of which is a fractional differential equation with delay.

Generating Functions For Reciprocal Catalan-Type Sums: Approach To Linear Differentiation Equation And ($P$-Adic) Integral Equations, Damla Gün, Yilmaz Şi̇mşek

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This article is inspired by the reciprocal Catalan sums associated with problem 11765, proposed by David Beckwith and Sag Harbor. For this reason, partial derivative equations, the first-order linear differentiation equation and integral representations for series and generating functions for reciprocal Catalan-type sums containing the Catalan-type numbers are constructed. Some special values of these series and generating functions, which are given solutions of problem 11765, are found. Partial derivative equations of the generating function for the Catalan-type numbers are given. By using these equations, recurrence relations and derivative formulas involving these numbers are found. Finally, applying the $p$-adic Volkenborn integral …

On Generalized Darboux Frame Of A Spacelike Curve Lying On A Lightlike Surface In Minkowski Space $\Mathbb{E}^{3}_{1}$, Jelena Djordjevic, Emilija Nesovic, Ufuk Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper we introduce generalized Darboux frame of a spacelike curve $\alpha$ lying on a lightlike surface in Minkowski space $\mathbb{E}_{1}^{3}$. We prove that $\alpha$ has two such frames and obtain generalized Darboux frame's equations. We find the relations between the curvature functions $k_g$, $k_n$, $\tau_g$ of $\alpha$ with respect to its Darboux frame and the curvature functions $\tilde{k}_{g}$, $\tilde{k}_{n}$, $\tilde{\tau}_{g}$ with respect to generalized Darboux frames. We show that such frames exist along a spacelike straight line lying on a ruled surface which is not entirely lightlike, but contains some lightlike points. We define lightlike ruled surfaces on …