Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Empirical Roughness Coefficients For Moderate Floods In An Open Conduit Cave: Fullers Stream Canyon, Culverson Creek Cave System, West Virginia, Lydia T. Albright, Gregory S. Springer

International Journal of Speleology

Open conduit modeling of cave stream floods can yield useful information about water velocities and shear stresses, which can in turn be used to estimate sediment transport capabilities. All such calculations require roughness coefficients for estimating energy losses and a priori knowledge of either discharge or flow depths to set model boundary conditions. However, the difficulties associated with observing in-cave floods generally preclude measuring discharge; roughness coefficients must be assumed based on channel properties. To overcome these challenges, we monitored stream flow depths in Fullers Cave, Greenbrier County, West Virginia using pressure transducers, and simultaneously measured stage and discharge in …

Physical Vapor Transport Growth Of Antiferromagnetic Crcl3 Flakes Down To Monolayer Thickness, Jia Wang, Zahra Ahmadi, David Lujan, Jeongheon Choe, Xiaoqin Li, Jeffrey E. Shield, Xia Hong

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The van der Waals magnets CrX₃ (X = I, Br, and Cl) exhibit highly tunable magnetic properties and are promising candidates for developing novel two-dimensional (2D) magnetic devices such as magnetic tunnel junctions and spin tunneling transistors. Previous studies of CrCl₃ have mainly focused on mechanically exfoliated samples. Controlled synthesis of high quality atomically thin flakes is critical for their technological implementation but has not been achieved to date. Here, we report the growth of large CrCl3 flakes with well-defined facets down to monolayer thickness (~0.6 nm) via the physical vapor transport technique. Long stripes of tri-layer samples …

Social Capital, Indigenous Storytelling, And Fish Diversity: Learning Together Through Community-University Partnerships In Downeast Maine, Michelle De Leon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Not only can community-university partnerships be vehicles for mobilizing community resources and affecting change, they also have high potential to produce useful, nuanced research and enable renewed visions of trust. I explore partnerships rooted in trust in the context of a community-university partnership between the Passamaquoddy Tribe at Sipayik and the University of Maine and its work through the Passamaquoddy-led StoryMaps Team. To accomplish this, I take a transdisciplinary approach to incorporate diverse perspectives on understanding critical and ethical approaches to engagement with Indigenous communities. The central focus among all three chapters is the need for Indigenous communities and institutions …

Automated Identification Of Astronauts On Board The International Space Station: A Case Study In Space Archaeology, Rao Hamza Ali, Amir Kanan Kashefi, Alice C. Gorman, Justin St. P. Walsh, Erik J. Linstead

Art Faculty Articles and Research

We develop and apply a deep learning-based computer vision pipeline to automatically identify crew members in archival photographic imagery taken on-board the International Space Station. Our approach is able to quickly tag thousands of images from public and private photo repositories without human supervision with high degrees of accuracy, including photographs where crew faces are partially obscured. Using the results of our pipeline, we carry out a large-scale network analysis of the crew, using the imagery data to provide novel insights into the social interactions among crew during their missions.

Warming Overcomes Dispersal-Limitation To Promote Non-Native Expansion In Lake Baikal, Larry L. Bowman Jr., Daniel J. Wieczynski, Lev Y. Yampolsky, David M. Post

ETSU Faculty Works

Non-native species and climate change pose serious threats to global biodiversity. However, the roles of climate, dispersal, and competition are difficult to disentangle in heterogeneous landscapes. We combine empirical data and theory to examine how these forces influence the spread of non-native species in Lake Baikal. We analyze the potential for Daphnia longispina to establish in Lake Baikal, potentially threatening an endemic, cryophillic copepod Epischurella baikalensis. We collected field samples to establish current community composition and compared them to model predictions informed by flow rates, present-day temperatures, and temperature projections. Our data and model agree that expansion is currently …

Stability Characteristics Of The Mesopause Region Above The Andes, Fan Yang, Alan Z. Liu

Publications

We report a detailed analysis of atmospheric stabilities in the mesopause region (85–100 km) based on over 2,000 hr of high-resolution temperature and horizontal wind measurements made with a Na lidar at the Andes Lidar Observatory, located in Cerro Pachón, Chile (30.25°S, 70.74°W). The square of Brunt–Väisälä frequency and the Richardson number are calculated, and occurrence probabilities of convective and dynamic instabilities are derived. An approach to assess the biases due to measurement uncertainties is used to obtain more accurate occurrence probabilities. The overall occurrence probabilities of convective and dynamic instabilities are 2.7% and 6.7%, respectively. High-, medium-, and low- …

System Dynamics Modeling For Traumatic Brain Injury: Mini-Review Of Applications, Erin S. Kenzie, Elle L. Parks, Nancy Carney, Wayne Wakeland

Systems Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a highly complex phenomenon involving a cascade of disruptions across biomechanical, neurochemical, neurological, cognitive, emotional, and social systems. Researchers and clinicians urgently need a rigorous conceptualization of brain injury that encompasses nonlinear and mutually causal relations among the factors involved, as well as sources of individual variation in recovery trajectories. System dynamics, an approach from systems science, has been used for decades in fields such as management and ecology to model nonlinear feedback dynamics in complex systems. In this mini-review, we summarize some recent uses of this approach to better understand acute injury mechanisms, recovery …

Gish's "God's Wounded World: American Evangelicals And The Challenge Of Environmentalism" (Book Review), Deborah A. Millier

The Christian Librarian

No abstract provided.

Lorentzian Polynomials, Higher Hessians, And The Hodge-Riemann Property For Codimension Two Graded Artinian Gorenstein Algebras, Pedro Macias-Marques, Chris Mcdaniel, Alexandra Seceleanu, Junzo Watanabe

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

We study the Hodge-Riemann property (HRP) for graded Artinian Gorenstein (AG) algebras. We classify AG algebras in codimension two that have HRP in terms of higher Hessian matrices and positivity of Schur functions associated to certain rectangular partitions.

In this paper we introduce the Hodge Riemann property (HRP) on an arbitrary graded oriented Artinian Gorenstein (AG) algebra defined over R, and we give a criterion on the higher Hessian matrix of its Macaulay dual generator (Theorem 3.1). AG algebras can be regarded as algebraic analogues of cohomology rings (in even degrees) of complex manifolds, and the HRP is analogous to …

Biotic And Paleoceanographic Changes Across The Late Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 In The Southern High Latitudes (Iodp Sites U1513 And U1516, Se Indian Ocean), Maria Rose Petrizzo, Giulia Amaglio, David K. Watkins, Kenneth G. Macleod, Brian T. Huber, Takashi Hasegawa, Erik Wolfgring

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Oceanic Anoxic Event 2, spanning the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary (93.9 Ma), was an episode of major perturbations in the global carbon cycle. To investigate the response of biota and the paleoceanographic conditions across this event, we present data from International Ocean Discovery Program sites U1513 and U1516 in the Mentelle Basin (offshore SW Australia; paleolatitude 59°–60°S in the mid-Cretaceous) that register the first complete records of OAE 2 at southern high latitudes. Calcareous nannofossils provide a reliable bio-chronostratigraphic framework. The distribution and abundance patterns of planktonic and benthic foraminifera, radiolaria, and calcispheres permit interpretation of the dynamics of the water mass …

Computational Imaging For Shape Understanding, Yuqi Ding

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Geometry is the essential property of real-world scenes. Understanding the shape of the object is critical to many computer vision applications. In this dissertation, we explore using computational imaging approaches to recover the geometry of real-world scenes. Computational imaging is an emerging technique that uses the co-designs of image hardware and computational software to expand the capacity of traditional cameras. To tackle face recognition in the uncontrolled environment, we study 2D color image and 3D shape to deal with body movement and self-occlusion. Especially, we use multiple RGB-D cameras to fuse the varying pose and register the front face in …

An Analysis Of Decolonization Efforts In Urban Agriculture: A Pathway To Indigenous Food Sovereignty And Cultural Revitalization, Sarah Fisher

Environment and Sustainability Summer Fellows

My research focuses on applications of urban agriculture, relationships between Indigenous peoples and community-based agriculture projects, and decolonizing food systems. I provide insight on colonialist tendencies, or ways in which the marginalization of Indigenous peoples is deeply entrenched within government, educational, and other leadership settings, as a way to evaluate and restructure urban agriculture projects to serve, represent and heal Native communities. Conventional urban agriculture has many known benefits, including its capacity for food production; however, the extent to which Indigenous communities participate in and benefit from urban agriculture has not been widely studied. Ongoing exclusion of Indigenous peoples from …

A Methodological Review Of Tools That Assess Dust Microbiomes, Metatranscriptomes And The Particulate Chemistry Of Indoor Dust, Yousef Nazzal, Fares M. Howari, Aya Yaslam, Jibran Iqbal, Lina Maloukh, Lakshmi Kesari Ambika, Ahmed A. Al-Taani, Ijaz Ali, Eman M. Othman, Arshad Jamal, Muhammad Naseem

All Works

Indoor house dust is a blend of organic and inorganic materials, upon which diverse microbial communities such as viruses, bacteria and fungi reside. Adequate moisture in the indoor environment helps microbial communities multiply fast. The outdoor air and materials that are brought into the buildings by airflow, sandstorms, animals pets and house occupants endow the indoor dust particles with extra features that impact human health. Assessment of the health effects of indoor dust particles, the type of indoor microbial inoculants and the secreted enzymes by indoor insects as allergens merit detailed investigation. Here, we discuss the applications of next generation …

Quantification Of Spent Coffee Ground Extracts By Roast And Brew Method, And Their Utility In A Green Synthesis Of Gold And Silver Nanoparticles, Brian G Yust, Niny Z Rao, Evan T Schwarzmann, Madisyn H Peoples

College of Life Sciences Faculty Papers

Nanotechnology has become increasingly important in modern society, and nanoparticles are routinely used in many areas of technology, industry, and commercial products. Many species of nanoparticle (NP) are typically synthesized using toxic or hazardous chemicals, making these methods less environmentally friendly. Consequently, there has been growing interest in green synthesis methods, which avoid unnecessary exposure to toxic chemicals and reduce harmful waste. Synthesis methods which utilize food waste products are particularly attractive because they add value and a secondary use for material which would otherwise be disposed of. Here, we show that spent coffee grounds (SCGs) that have already been …

Benthic Community Dynamics And Stony Coral Demographics In Florida In Relation To Acute Disturbances And Chronic Pressures, Nicholas P. Jones

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

The persistence of coral reef communities is threatened by a suite of pressures operating at varying spatial and temporal scales. In general, acute disturbances (short term stochastic events such as marine heatwaves or hurricanes) and chronic pressures, such as ocean warming, have caused the most significant changes to stony coral assemblages (order Scleractinia) and continue to impair recovery potential. Additionally, many coral reefs are subject to local chronic anthropogenic pressures resulting in poor water quality or sedimentation, which further impact stony corals and shape benthic community structure, particularly near urbanized coastlines. For the viability of communities on coral reefs, a …

Open Source Solutions In Experimental Design: An Introduction To The Symposium, Richelle L. Tanner, Kirt L. Onthank

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The Open Science movement has increased dramatically in popularity with deserved calls to action around transparency, access to resources, and inclusion in our field. However, its practical applications within experimental design have been slow to uptake, with researchers unsure where to even start with the dizzying array of open source hardware and software solutions available. The perceived time investment and unknown cost, especially in implementing open source hardware, has stagnated the implementation of inexpensive experimental solutions, but we sought to increase awareness to lower the barrier to participation in this space. While there are countless technical and financial advantages to …

Still No Crystal Ball: Toward An Application For Broad Evaluation Of Student Understanding, Piper Armstrong

Theses and Dissertations

Evaluation of student understanding of learning material is critical to effective teaching. Current computer-aided evaluation tools exist, such as Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT); however, they require expert knowledge to implement and update. We propose a novel task, to create an evaluation tool that can predict student performance (knowledge) based on general performance on test questions without expert curation of the questions or expert understanding of the evaluation tool. We implement two methods for creating such a tool, find both methods lacking, and urge further investigation.

Solid Electrolytes And Interface Design For High-Performance All-Solid-State Batteries, Shumin Zhang

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), in which solid superionic conductors are used as electrolytes to transport ions between cathode and anode, have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage technologies in electric vehicles (EVs), grid applications, etc. The advances of ASSBs over conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) come from their inherent safety and high energy density, which benefits from the use of nonflammable solid electrolytes (SEs) to potentially enable metal anodes (such as Li metal or Na metal) and high-voltage cathode active materials (CAM) in ASSBs. Since that, the research and design of SEs have been …

Early Miocene Redwood Fossils From Inner Mongolia: Co2 Reconstructions And Paleoclimate Effects Of A Low Mongolian Plateau, Jia-Qi Liang, Qin Leng, Liang Xiao, Daianne F. Hofig, Dana L. Royer, Yi Ge Zhang, Hong Yang

Science and Technology Department Faculty Journal Articles

The early Miocene (~16–23 Ma) marks a critical transition in the Earth climate history from an Oligocene (~23–34 Ma) cooling trend towards the well-documented warm middle Miocene Climate Optimum at ~ 15 Ma. In eastern Asia, this transition links changes of key topographic features, such as the Tibetan plateau and the Mongolian plateau, and their impact on the reorganization of climate systems, such as the Eastern Asian summer monsoon. Yet the dynamics of the interplay among these factors remain poorly understood, precluding our understanding of future climate changes. Global temperatures during the early Miocene were warmer than the present day …

Bacterial Diseases Of Tilapia, Their Zoonotic Potential And Risk Of Antimicrobial Resistance, Olga L. M. Haenen, Ha Thanh Dong, Truong Dinh Hoai, Margaret Crumlish, Iddya Karunasagar, Timothy Barkham, Swaine L. Chen, Ruth Zadoks, Andreas Kiermeier, Bing Wang, Esther Garrido Gamarro, Masami Takeuchi, Mohammad Noor Amal Azma, Belén Fouz, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Zeng Wei Wei, Melba G. Bondad-Reantaso

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Tilapia culture is an important source of income and nutrition to many rural families. Since 2000, the production of tilapia increased and reached domestic and global markets. Major farmed species is Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in earthen ponds and cage cultures. Intensification contributed to global tilapia disease outbreaks, with bacterial infections causing mortalities and morbidities, threatening sustainable production. At tilapia farms, high nutrient concentrations, water temperature and fish densities enhance bacterial growth including virulent bacterial clones and potential zoonotic bacteria. Global warming favours this. This review respectively provides a comprehensive overview of the most common and emerging bacterial …

Renewable Energy Legislation In Nevada: 2017 - 2021, Peter Grema, Zachary Walusek, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Environment

The purpose of this fact sheet is to summarize legislative actions from the biennial 79th, 80th, and 81st Nevada Legislative Sessions (2017, 2019, and 2021) regarding solar energy production and state efforts to reach 50 percent energy production from renewable sources by 2030. By 2050, Nevada has a statutorily mandated obligation to be a net-zero carbon producer in fulfilling energy production needs from large scale utility services.

X-Ray Properties Of Early-Type Stars In The Tarantula Nebula From T-Rex, Paul A. Crowther, Patrick S. Broos, Leisa K. Townsley, Andy M. T. Pollock, Katie A. Tehrani, Marc Gagné

Earth & Space Sciences Faculty Publications

We reassess the historical L-X/L-Bol relation for early-type stars from a comparison between T-ReX, the Chandra ACIS X-ray survey of the Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and contemporary spectroscopic analysis of massive stars obtained primarily from VLT/FLAMES, VLT/MUSE, and HST/STIS surveys. For 107 sources in common (some host to multiple stars), the majority of which are bolometrically luminous (40 per cent exceed 10(6)L(circle dot)), we find an average log L-X/L-Bol = -6.90 +/- 0.65. Excluding extreme systems Mk 34 (WN5h+WN5h), R140a (WC4+WN6+), and VFTS 399 (O9 IIIn+?), plus four WR sources with anomalously hard X-ray components (R130, …

Spatial Variation Of False Map Turtle (Graptemys Pseudogeographica) Bacterial Microbiota In The Lower Missouri River, United States, Joseph D. Madison, Madeline M. Butterfield, Drew R. Davis, Jacob L. Kerby

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Turtle populations around the world are continually confronted with changing environments that affect their ecology and conservation status. Among freshwater turtles, population dynamics are thought to be mediated by complex yet often cryptic causes. One recent direction of focus in addressing these causes is the turtle-associated microbiota. In turtles, the gut- associated microbiota is of exceptional interest due to its continual association with host species under changing conditions. Diet-based fluctuations and changes in microbial diversity may correspond to varying external environments at both the individual and population level. Environmental responses are of particular interest due to the anthropogenic changes that …

Supplementary Information For "Understanding Mid-To Large Underground Leaks From Buried Pipelines As Affected By Soil And Atmospheric Conditions – Field Scale Experimental Study", Navodi J.R.R. Jayarathne, Kathleen M. Smits, Stuart N. Riddick, Daniel J. Zimmerle, Younki Cho, Michelle Schwartz, Fancy Cheptonui, Kevan Cameron, Peter Ronney

Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets

Reducing the amount of leaked natural gas (NG) from pipelines from production to use has become a high priority in efforts to cut anthropogenic emissions of methane and ensure public safety. However, tracking and evaluating NG pipeline leaks, especially at moderate to high flow rates, requires a better understanding of the leak from the source to the detector as well as more robust quantification methods. To better understand fugitive emissions from NG pipelines, we developed a field scale testbed that simulates mid and high-pressure gas leaks from belowground natural gas infrastructure. The system is equipped with subsurface, surface and atmospheric …

Subtype-Selective Positive Modulation Of KCa2.3 Channels Increases Cilia Length, Young-Woo Nam, Rajasekharreddy Pala, Naglaa Salem El-Sayed, Denisse Laren-Henriquez, Farideh Amirrad, Grace Yang, Mohammad Asikur Rahman, Razan Orfali, Myles Downey, Keykavous Parang, Surya M. Nauli, Miao Zhang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Small-conductance Ca²⁺-activated potassium (K_Ca2.x) channels are gated exclusively by intracellular Ca²⁺. The activation of K_Ca2.3 channels induces hyperpolarization, which augments Ca²⁺ signaling in endothelial cells. Cilia are specialized Ca²⁺ signaling compartments. Here, we identified compound 4 that potentiates human K_Ca2.3 channels selectively. The subtype selectivity of compound 4 for human K_Ca2.3 over rat K_Ca2.2a channels relies on an isoleucine residue in the HA/HB helices. Positive modulation of K_Ca2.3 channels by compound 4 increased flow-induced Ca²⁺ signaling and cilia length, while negative …

A Smartwatch Step-Counting App For Older Adults: Development And Evaluation Study, George Boateng, Curtis L. Petersen, David Kotz, Karen L. Fortuna, Rebecca Masutani, John A. Batsis

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Older adults who engage in physical activity can reduce their risk of mobility impairment and disability. Short amounts of walking can improve quality of life, physical function, and cardiovascular health. Various programs have been implemented to encourage older adults to engage in physical activity, but sustaining their motivation continues to be a challenge. Ubiquitous devices, such as mobile phones and smartwatches, coupled with machine-learning algorithms, can potentially encourage older adults to be more physically active. Current algorithms that are deployed in consumer devices (eg, Fitbit) are proprietary, often are not tailored to the movements of older adults, and have …

Synthesis And Anticancer Evaluation Of Novel Pyrazolo[1,5-A]Pyrimidines: Discovery Of A Novel Lead Compound With Selective Activities Against Vps34 And Jak1-Jh2 Pseudokinase, Reuben Dass

Theses and Dissertations

A library of 25 novel 3,6-disubstituted and 3-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were synthesized using a microwave chemical reactor in 3 steps with a total reaction time of 1 hour. The products were obtained in good to excellent yields (20-93%, ave. = 62%). The synthesis began with the reaction of aryl acetonitriles with dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal (120C, 20 min), followed by treatment of the resulting 2-arylacrylonitrile with H2NNH2 • HBr (120C, 20 min). The intermediate 4-arylpyrazol-5-amine obtained was finally reacted with either 2-aryl-substituted malondialdehydes or 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane (120C, 20 min) to give the final products. The products were either collected directly on a Buchner funnel or …

Novel Approach For The Destress Blasting In Hard Rock Underground Copper Mines, Piotr Mertuszka, Marcin Szumny, Krzysztof Fuławka, Piotr Kondoł

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The present study investigates the possibility of developing a novel method for reducing seismicity and rockbursts in deep underground mines based on modifying drilling and blasting patterns. The main goal was to develop and implement firing patterns for multi-face production blasting, which allow increasing the capability of inducing stress relief in the rock mass, manifested in the seismic event. This method may improve stability control in underground workings, and mitigate risks associated with the dynamic effects of rock mass pressure compared with currently used methods. Thus, the seismic energy may be released immediately after blasting in a controlled way. For …

Perovskite Solar Cells, Liqiu Zheng Dr., Tyler Hurst, Zhongrui Li

Georgia Journal of Science

The semiconductor perovskite CsPbBr₂I was doped with Mn²⁺ to modulate its optical and photovoltaic performance. The Mn²⁺-doped CsPb_0.9Mn_0.1Br₂I exhibited improved crystalline quality. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy of Mn²⁺-doped CsPb_0.9Mn_0.1Br₂I revealed enhanced absorption capacity. Although the efficiency was not as good as desired, the enhanced light absorption of CsPb_0.9Mn_0.1Br₂I still boosted the photovoltaic performance when it was utilized as a light absorber in perovskite solar cells, along with a low-cost carbon electrode. Compared with its counterpart …

Nuclear Structure And Gamow-Teller B(Gt) Transition Strengths For Some Selected Fp-Shell Nuclei, Sarah M. Obaid, Fouad A. Majeed, Fatima Essa Mohammed

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In the present study, the calculations of the shell model based on large-scale unrestricted fp-model space have been conducted to study the low-lying energy levels and Gamow-Teller B(GT) transition strengths for the transitions (⁴²Ca→⁴²Sc, ⁴²Sc→⁴²Ti, ⁴⁵Sc→⁴⁵Ca, ⁴⁵Ti→⁴⁵Sc,45V→⁴⁵Ti) lying in the fp-shell region. The calculations of the yrast levels and Gamow-Teller B(GT) transition strengths were compared with the related measured data. The low-lying energy levels were reasonably reproduced for the studied nuclei. The spin and parity of the unconfirmed energy levels for some studied nuclei have …