Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Amphibious Legal Geographies: Toward Land–Sea Regimes, Irus Braverman

Contributions to Books

Published as ine introduction to Laws of the Sea: Interdisciplinary Currents, Irus Braverman, ed.

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book discusses the juridical thinking that has enshrined the land/sea divide into contemporary governmental infrastructures, disciplinary traditions, and regulatory apparatuses, and charts the disastrous implications that such a legal fixation on the land/sea binary has wrought on human and other-than-human lifeworlds. As the collection proceeds, a second broad theme emerges, building on the first: when one rethinks the abstraction of law as played out on the ground, the …

Genetic Freedom Of The Seas In The Age Of Extractivism: Marine Genetic Resources In Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, Irus Braverman

Contributions to Books

Published as Chapter 4 in Laws of the Sea: Interdisciplinary Currents, Irus Braverman, ed.

Areas beyond national jurisdiction are the largest environment on earth and marine genetic resources are its new, and perhaps final, frontier. It is no wonder, then, that the scope and protection of marine genetic resources in this oceanic space have been hotly contested and that a new doctrine for ocean governance has been coined in this context: mare geneticum. This chapter examines different definitions of marine genetic resources debated in the ongoing treaty negotiations over areas beyond national jurisdiction (the BBNJ), the conflicting interests involved, and …

Experimental Design And Construction Of The First Rotor Induced Collision Cell (Ricc) For Studying High Velocity Molecular Impacts, Abraham Lehi De La Cruz Hernandez

Theses and Dissertations

The identification and characterization of molecular biomarkers using mass spectrometry on an orbiting or fly-by spacecraft is one of the preferred analytical techniques in the search for life beyond the Earth. However, analysis is complicated by unwanted molecular dissociation occurring when sampled native molecules impact the instrument at high velocity. The mechanisms of chemical changes produced in high velocity impacts have been studied experimentally in some cases; however, there are significant experimental limitations to these techniques. Here I present the design, construction, and testing of a new experimental technique to produce high velocity molecular and microparticle collisions under a controlled …

Data Assimilation And Parameter Recovery For Rayleigh-Bénard Convection, Jacob William Murri

Theses and Dissertations

Many problems in applied mathematics involve simulating the evolution of a system using differential equations with known initial conditions. But what if one records observations and seeks to determine the causal factors which produced them? This is known as an inverse problem. Some prominent inverse problems include data assimilation and parameter recovery, which use partial observations of a system of evolutionary, dissipative partial differential equations to estimate the state of the system and relevant physical parameters (respectively). Recently a set of procedures called nudging algorithms have shown promise in performing simultaneous data assimilation and parameter recovery for the Lorentz equations …

The Design And Implementation Of A High-Performance Polynomial System Solver, Alexander Brandt

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis examines the algorithmic and practical challenges of solving systems of polynomial equations. We discuss the design and implementation of triangular decomposition to solve polynomials systems exactly by means of symbolic computation.

Incremental triangular decomposition solves one equation from the input list of polynomials at a time. Each step may produce several different components (points, curves, surfaces, etc.) of the solution set. Independent components imply that the solving process may proceed on each component concurrently. This so-called component-level parallelism is a theoretical and practical challenge characterized by irregular parallelism. Parallelism is not an algorithmic property but rather a geometrical …

Polynomial Identities Of Algebras With Actions: A Unified Combinatorial Approach, Mayecxiliana Cardenas Montoya

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Fix a field k. In this thesis, we establish different criteria for when a given (associative or Lie) k-algebra is a PI-algebra.

Fix a unitary associative k-algebra R. Our focus is on associative k-algebras A endowed with an R-module action ρ:R\to End_k(A) with the property that ρ(R) is finite-dimensional. Our main result asserts that if such an algebra is endowed with an R-module action that is `compatible’ with the multiplicative structure of A, then A is a PI-algebra if (and only if), for some positive integer d and all a_1,...,a_d in A, the product a_1···a_d is a linear combination of …

Green Approach For Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis: Application In Antimicrobial And Anticancer- An Updated Review, Norul Aini Zakariya, Wan Hafizah W. Jusof, Shahnaz Majeed

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Cancer and microbial infections create numerous challenges nowadays. Chemotherapy agents cause severe side effects, while microbial infections, especially multidrug-resistant bacterial strains hard to treat with available antibiotics. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the green synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with their physicochemical properties and mechanism of action . The IONPs causes cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity by causing oxidative distress through the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The IONPs as an anticancer and antimicrobial agent may help to overcome the limitation of conventional treatments but needs toxicity evaluation before usage in clinical applications.

A High Yield Method For Protoplast Isolation And Ease Detection Of Rol B And C Genes In The Hairy Roots Of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea L.) Inoculated With Agrobacterium Rhizogenes, Qutaiba Shuaib Al-Nema, Ghazwan Qasim Hasan, Omar Abdulazeez Alhamd

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Protoplasts represent a unique experimental system for the circulation and formation of genetically modified plants. Here, protoplasts were isolated from genetically modified hairy root tissues of Brassica oleracea L. induced by the Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain (ATCC13332). The concentration of enzyme solutions utilized for protoplast isolation was 1.5 % Cellulase YC and 0.1 % Pectolyase Y23 in 13% mannitol solution, which resulted in high efficiency of isolation within 8 hours, in which the protoplast yield was 2 × 104 cells ml-1 and the percentage of viability was 72%. Each protoplast has one nucleus with a nucleation of 48%. A polymerase chain …

Relationships Of Magnetic Properties And Heavy Metals Content Of Guano In Bat Cave, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, Muhammad Arsyad, Vistarani Arini Tiwow, Meytij Jeanne Rampe, Henny Lieke Rampe

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Bat Cave is one of the caves with guano deposits in the Rammang-Rammang karst area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The guano deposits can indicate environmental changes in the cave. This study aims to analyze the magnetic properties and correlation between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content in guano. Sampling was carried out in Bat Cave, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and magnetic susceptibility, XRD (mineralogy analysis), and XRF (heavy metal content analysis) were measured. The results showed that the guano sample contained superparamagnetic grains and stable single domain (SP-SSD) measuring -8m³/kg. The location of caves in karst areas and climate change …

Tapioca Starch In The Sol-Gel Synthesis Of Cobalt Ferrites With Divalent Cation Substitutions, Anuchit Hunyek, Chitnarong Sirisathitkul, Krit Koyvanich

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

An aqueous solution of tapioca starch was successfully used as a chelating agent in the sol-gel synthesis of Co0.7Me0.3Fe2O4, where Me denotes Co, Mn, Cu, Ni, or Zn. The hysteresis loops of all sintered ferrites revealed ferrimagnetic properties. The saturation magnetization was reduced in Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2O4 and Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4 because of the ion substitutions with smaller magnetic moments. Interestingly, Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2O4 exhibited the highest saturation magnetization and the lowest coercive field. This result demonstrates the value addition of local agricultural products in controlling nanoparticle formation during sol-gel synthesis.

Investigating The Nuclear Properties Of 162-172 Er Isotopes Using Ibm-1, Sef, And Nee, Amal M. Al-Nuaimi, R.B. Alkhayat, Mushtaq Abed Al-Jubbori

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The energy levels of the ground state band (GSB), , and γ-bands for 162-172Er isotopes are calculated in this work by adopting the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1), the Semi-Empirical Formula (SEF) and the New Empirical Equation (NEE). The GSB, , and γ-bands results revealed that IBM-1, SEF, NEE, and the available experimental data are all in agreement with certain variations. The NEE is more compatible with the experimental data than the IBM-1 and SEF calculations. This study demonstrates that the SEF and NEE equations are able to describe the energy spectra of Er isotopes in comparison to IBM-1. The Er …

Antimicrobial And Cytotoxic Properties Of Extracts From Over-Seasoned Worm-Casts Of The Earthworm Hyperiodrilus Africanus Beddard, 1891, Stephen Olugbemiga Owa, David Adeiza Otohinoyi, Theresa Ibibia Edewor-Ikupoyi, Adeolu Adeola Taiwo, Jenifer Akhere Okosun, Yvonne Oluchi Akujobi, Damilola Grace Oyewale, Tomilola Debby Olaolu, Damilare Emmanuel Rotimi, Osarenkhoe Omorefosa Osemwegie, Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

⦁ Background: Despite the continuous interest in the search for therapeutic agents, little attention has been given to the medicinal relevance of earthworm casts, with even less interest in over-seasoned worm-casts. Therefore, this study determined the phytochemical, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties of over-seasoned worm-casts of the earthworm Hyperiodrilus africanus (Eudrilidae). Methods: The earthworm casts were extracted with n-hexane, ethanol, and water and the crude extracts were evaluated for the presence of chemical constituents and antimicrobial properties. Cytotoxicity was inferred from the antimitotic effects of the extracts on the radicles of germinating seeds of Sorghum bicolor. Results: The chemical constituent determinations …

A Review On The Ethnobotanical, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Activities Of Aristolochia Longa L., Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo, Matthew Iyobhebhe, Bukola Atunwa, Adebola Busola Ojo

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Aristolochia longa L. is a plant native to Algeria and Morocco that has been used by the locals to combat different arrays of infections and diseases found among them. This particular plant is well-known for its therapeutic qualities that could be traced back to the presence of many effective phytochemicals that have been extrapolated from the different parts of the plant, like the leaves and roots: flavonoids, saponins, tannins, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, β-carotenes, limonenes, and palmitic acids. This plant has been identified in different research articles to be able to manage diseases effectively because it possesses some pharmacological attributes such as; …

Thermal Aware Routing Protocols For Wireless Body Area Networks: Review And Open Research Issues, Samir Bouldjadj

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a promising technology that improves life quality and enhances medical healthcare services. The activities and communications of sensors lead to a temperature rise, which can be fatal for the human body. The heating problem is addressed by the thermal-aware strategy, which has great importance. This paper reviews sixteen thermal-aware routing protocols proposed for WBAN; it presents routing in WBAN and its associated challenges. It explains the principles and pros and cons of each protocol and compares the protocols studied using several criteria. Finally, the paper points out the open research issues and challenges. This …

Applicability Limits Of The End Face Fiber-Optic Gas Concentration Sensor, Based On Fabry-Perot Interferometer, S.M.R.H. Hussein, A.Zh. Sakhabutdinov, O.G. Morozov, V.I. Anfinogentov, J.A. Tunakova, A.R. Shagidullin, A.A. Kuznetsov, K.A. Lipatnikov, A.R. Nasybullin

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The mathematical model of the fiber-optic sensor for gas concentration analysis is under study. The sensor is imple-mented as Fabry-Perot interferometer at the end face of the optical fiber by applying a thin polymer film, which permit-tivity depends on the tested gas concentration. It is shown, that a change in the properties of the optical fiber or the at-mosphere permittivity leads mainly to the spectrum contrast changing and does not change the period and the wave-length shift of its comb. The influence of the polymer film thickness, the environment temperature and humidity on the Fabry-Perot spectrum is analyzed. The necessity …

Molecular Docking Reveals Phytoconstituents Of The Methanol Extract From Muntingia Calabura As Promising Α-Glucosidase Inhibitors, Nurlena Andalia, Muhammad N. Salim, Nurdin Saidi, Muhammad Ridhwan, Muhammad Iqhrammullah, Ummu Balqis

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Inhibition of α-glucosidase has been used as a management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, where studies are focused on finding more efficacious and safe drugs. Herein, the research aimed to unveil the potential of phytoconstituents contained in methanol extract of Muntingia calabura leaves in inhibiting α-glucosidase through molecular docking simulation. From a systematic search (Scopus), we found 5 eligible articles and identified 28 phytocompounds. Fisetin, pinostrobin, and rhamnetin identified in M. calabura extract were predicted to have good bioavailability. Finally, fisetin was revealed as the most potential α-glucosidase inhibitor candidate with a binding affinity of -7.5 kcal/mol.

Attack Prediction To Enhance Attack Path Discovery Using Improved Attack Graph, Zaid. J. Al-Araji, Sharifah Sakinah Syed Ahmad, Raihana Syahirah Abdullah

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Organisations and governments constantly face potential security attacks. However, the need for next-generation cyber defence has become even more urgent in a day and age when attack surfaces that hackers can exploit have grown at an alarming rate with an increase in the number of devices that are connected to the Internet. As such, next-generation cyber defence that relies on predictive analysis is more proactive than existing technologies that rely on intrusion detection. Many approaches with which to detect and predict attacks have been proposed in recent times. One such approach is attack graphs. The primary purpose of an attack …

Performance Simulation For Adaptive Optics Technique Using Oomao Toolbox, Mahmood Kareem Mirdan, Raaid Nawfee Hassan, Bushra Qassim Al-Aboodi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The Adaptive Optics technique has been developed to obtain the correction of atmospheric seeing. The purpose of this study is to use the MATLAB program to investigate the performance of an AO system with the most recent AO simulation tools, Objected-Oriented Matlab Adaptive Optics (OOMAO). This was achieved by studying the variables that impact image quality correction, such as observation wavelength bands, atmospheric parameters, telescope parameters, deformable mirror parameters, wavefront sensor parameters, and noise parameters. The results presented a detailed analysis of the factors that influence the image correction process as well as the impact of the AO components on …

To Logit Or Not To Logit Data In The Unit Interval: A Simulation Study, Kayode Idris Hamzat

Major Papers

In this paper, we recommend a mechanism for determining whether to logit or not to logit data in the unit interval which is based on quantile estimation of data between 0 and 1. By using a simulated dataset generated from a Beta regression model, the estimated quantile for this model perform better than those based on the linear quantile regression with logit transformation.

Further, we investigate the performance of the quantile regression estimators based on the LQR and we conclude that it is better than those based on the Beta regression when the distribution is contaminated with 10% uniform numbers …

Unlocking The Mystery Of Tev J2032+4130 Through Veritas Data, Devon J. Barros

Honors Program Theses and Projects

TeVJ2032+4130 is a high energy celestial object that emits Very High Energy (VHE) gamma rays and is located in the star forming region of the Cygnus constellation. It was first detected by the High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy (HEGRA) experiment. Later observations from the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS2014) were used to determine that the gamma-ray emission from the source could be coming from a Pulsar Wind Nebula (PWN) powered by a binary pulsar named PSR J2032+4127. For the PWN scenario, VERITAS predicted a cutoff in the gamma-ray spectrum above 10 TeV. Using ~33 hours of VERITAS …

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites - Field Sampling And Investigation Plan (Fsp) Bres No. 50 – Zelia, Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites - Field Sampling And Investigation Plan (Fsp) Bres No. 08 – Belle Of Butte, Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Soft Tissue And Biomolecular Preservation In Vertebrate Fossils From Glauconitic, Shallow Marine Sediments Of The Hornerstown Formation, Edelman Fossil Park, New Jersey, Kristyn K. Voegele, Zachary Boles, Paul Ullmann, Elena R. Schroeter, Wenxia Zheng, Kenneth Lacovara

School of Earth & Environment Departmental Research

Endogenous biomolecules and soft tissues are known to persist in the fossil record. To date, these discoveries derive from a limited number of preservational environments, (e.g., fluvial channels and floodplains), and fossils from less common depositional environments have been largely unexplored. We conducted paleomolecular analyses of shallow marine vertebrate fossils from the Cretaceous–Paleogene Hornerstown Formation, an 80–90% glauconitic greensand from Jean and Ric Edelman Fossil Park in Mantua Township, NJ. Twelve samples were demineralized and found to yield products morphologically consistent with vertebrate osteocytes, blood vessels, and bone matrix. Specimens from these deposits that are dark in color exhibit excellent …

Soft Tissue And Biomolecular Preservation In Vertebrate Fossils From Glauconitic, Shallow Marine Sediments Of The Hornerstown Formation, Edelman Fossil Park, New Jersey., Kristyn K. Voegele, Zachary M Boles, Paul Ullmann, Elena R Schroeter, Wenxia Zheng, Kenneth Lacovara

School of Earth & Environment Departmental Research

Endogenous biomolecules and soft tissues are known to persist in the fossil record. To date, these discoveries derive from a limited number of preservational environments, (e.g., fluvial channels and floodplains), and fossils from less common depositional environments have been largely unexplored. We conducted paleomolecular analyses of shallow marine vertebrate fossils from the Cretaceous-Paleogene Hornerstown Formation, an 80-90% glauconitic greensand from Jean and Ric Edelman Fossil Park in Mantua Township, NJ. Twelve samples were demineralized and found to yield products morphologically consistent with vertebrate osteocytes, blood vessels, and bone matrix. Specimens from these deposits that are dark in color exhibit excellent …

Artificial Intelligence In The Radiomic Analysis Of Glioblastomas: A Review, Taxonomy, And Perspective, Ming Zhu, Sijia Li, Yu Kuang, Virginia B. Hill, Amy B. Heimberger, Lijie Zhai, Shenjie Zhai

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research

Radiological imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), are the standard-of-care non-invasive diagnostic approaches widely applied in neuro-oncology. Unfortunately, accurate interpretation of radiological imaging data is constantly challenged by the indistinguishable radiological image features shared by different pathological changes associated with tumor progression and/or various therapeutic interventions. In recent years, machine learning (ML)-based artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been widely applied in medical image processing and bioinformatics due to its advantages in implicit image feature extraction and integrative data analysis. Despite its recent rapid development, ML technology still faces many hurdles for its broader applications …

Collaboration In Mathematics Teacher Education: The What, How, And Why Of Mathematical Modeling, Aubrey Neihaus, Amy Bennett

The Advocate

In this paper, we share our collaboration across the disciplines of mathematics and mathematics education to develop and implement a mathematical modeling task for prospective secondary mathematics teachers. Through this collaboration, we identified three key components of mathematical modeling: the what, how, and why. In this paper, we outline these components from the literature and how each framed our development and implementation of the Sprinkler Task in our mathematics content and mathematics methods courses for secondary teachers. These three components show that mathematical modeling is a particularly fruitful space for collaboration between the disciplines of mathematics and …

Analysis Of Soil Change Across Nebraska, Trinity Baker

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The world’s population is growing and an increasing populace requires more resources. These requirements place increasing pressure on the environment and the soil. Soils serve many important functions throughout the world. These functions range from offering a media for food production, providing a sink for organic carbon, nutrient cycling, and improving water quality. It is important to focus on the human impact on soils and their change over time.

For my research I examined how soils across Nebraska have changed over a time period of roughly 65 years. I sampled and analyzed 39 pedons from four Major Land Resource Areas …

Secondary Science Teachers Use Of Models In Teaching And Learning About Earth’S Climate, Kimberly Carroll Steward

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Global climate change (GCC) presents unprecedented global concerns, notably food supply limitations, unsustainable use of natural resources, and widespread environmental degradation. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports a 0.85 °C increase in global average temperatures between 1880 and 2018 and a 50% increase in global carbon dioxide emissions since 1990 (Stocker et al., 2018). As a result of the urgency of the situation, there is a strong emphasis on empowering citizens through outreach and education. There is a need to adequately prepare the next generation of scientists, politicians, business leaders, and other people; it is crucial to foster …

The Structure Of 71ni Via Beta-Delayed Neutron Spectroscopy Of 71co, Andrew Keeler

Doctoral Dissertations

Studies of beta decays can give insights into the underlying structure of the nucleus. In particular, decays of closed-shell and near-closed-shell nuclei can provide important benchmarks for structure models, which are used in simulations of r-process nucleosynthesis. This work reports on a study of beta decays of ⁷¹Co produced in an experiment that was carried out in October 2016 at MSU’s National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) using the Versatile Array of Neutron Detectors at Low Energy (VANDLE). In order to carry out this experiment, a novel position-sensitive scintillating detector was developed to enable the sub-nanosecond timing response that VANDLE …

Understanding Liquid Dynamics Using The Van Hove Function From Inelastic Neutron Scattering Measurements, Yadu Krishnan Sarathchandran

Doctoral Dissertations

Liquid state physics remains relatively unexplored compared to solid-state physics, which achieved massive progress over the last century. The theoretical and experimental methodologies used in solid-state physics are not suitable to study the liquid state due to the latter's strong time dependence and the lack of periodicity in structure. The approaches based on phonon dynamics break down when phonons are over-damped and localized in liquids. The microscopic nature of atomic dynamics and many-body interactions leading to liquid state properties such as viscosity and dielectric loss in liquids remain unclear. Inelastic neutron scattering measurements were done to study the microscopic origins …