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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Vertebrate Control Chemicals: Current Status Of Registrations, Rebuttable Presumptions Against Registrations, And Effects On Users, Glenn A. Hood Mar 1978

Vertebrate Control Chemicals: Current Status Of Registrations, Rebuttable Presumptions Against Registrations, And Effects On Users, Glenn A. Hood

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Man's use of chemical pesticides has received much attention in recent years, reflecting or generating public consciousness of our environmental welfare. The establishment of Water Quality Acts, the Toxic Substances Control Act, air pollution standards, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also exemplify this consciousness which has become a major political force. Although there is some unyielding antagonism against all chemicals used to control pests, there is general agreement that pesticides are necessary for the protection of our health, food, fiber, and habitats. Nevertheless, some pesticides have serious shortcomings, especially toxicity to nontarget organisms and long persistence in the environment. …

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Opening Comments—Eighth Vertebrate Pest Conference—And The Stability Of Vertebrate Populations In Man-Modified Habitats, Walter E. Howard Mar 1978

Opening Comments—Eighth Vertebrate Pest Conference—And The Stability Of Vertebrate Populations In Man-Modified Habitats, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Good morning. I am Professor Howard, your Conference Chairperson. Welcome to the Eighth Vertebrate Pest Conference. Vertebrate pest control has come a long way since our first two-day Conference, in 1962. An excellent meeting has been arranged by the hard-working Conference Committees and the 17 members of the Vertebrate Pest Council, who direct the Vertebrate Pest Conference. It is already a great success--because all of you are here. As I said in opening our first Conference 16 years ago, this is a Conference, not a convention. No motions or resolutions will be entertained. We are here to get acquainted with …

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Rid-A-Bird Perches To Control Bird Damage, William B. Jackson Mar 1978

Rid-A-Bird Perches To Control Bird Damage, William B. Jackson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Rid-A-Bird wick perches, using 9.4% endrin or 11% fenthion, may be used on a variety of structures for control of house sparrows, starlings, and pigeons. Installations take advantage of a bird's propensity to perch briefly before feeding or entering roost or nesting structures. Applications may be made to a variety of structures but are restricted from food storage or preparation areas. Additional toxicity and use research is needed.

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Anticoagulant Baiting For Jackrabbit Control, John C. Johnston Mar 1978

Anticoagulant Baiting For Jackrabbit Control, John C. Johnston

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The jackrabbit, Lepus californicus, is properly called a hare rather than a rabbit, because the young are born fully furred and with eyes open. Hares differ from rabbits in anatomy and in the lack of burrowing, although individual hares often have a more or less regular retreat or "form" at the base of a bush or clump of grass. Jackrabbits rely upon speed and dodging to escape enemies. They live chiefly in open places, seldom inhabiting dense brush or woods.

Black-tailed hares or jackrabbits are classed as game mammals by the California Fish and Game Code, but when found …

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The Changing Rodent Pest Fauna In Egypt, A. Maher Ali Mar 1978

The Changing Rodent Pest Fauna In Egypt, A. Maher Ali

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The most serious known rodent pests in agricultural irrigated land are: Rattus rattus, Arvicanthis niloticus and Acomys sp. Occasionally there are rodent outbreaks in agricultural plantations. The changing agro-ecosystem in the present and future agricultural plantations is expected to affect the status of the following potential rodent pest species: Spalax ehrenbergi aegyptiacus, Nesokia indica, Jaculus orientalis, and Gerbillus gerbillus gerbillus. Basic studies are needed to quantify damage including water loss, which is caused by rodents, forecast of rodent outbreaks, and integrated control of rodents in agricultural projects.

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Warfarin Baits Bagging To Control The Population Of Cotton Rats In Field Crops In Sinaloa, Mexico, C. Martinez-Palacios, C. Chavez-Sanchez, R. Ituarte-Soto, A. Marquez Moreno Mar 1978

Warfarin Baits Bagging To Control The Population Of Cotton Rats In Field Crops In Sinaloa, Mexico, C. Martinez-Palacios, C. Chavez-Sanchez, R. Ituarte-Soto, A. Marquez Moreno

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Tests were conducted using 0.05% warfarin baits which were put into polietilinized paper bags with corn oil as attractants, in order to control cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus major) through-out 4,000 ha. of crops in the Sinaloa State. Both the effectiveness of the warfarin bait and the security and efficiency of the handling of the polietilinized paper bags was demonstrated. Furthermore, the tests showed that there were economic advantages in using the warfarin baits instead of the zinc phosphide baits; to the extent of a 46.67% saving in the control expenses.

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Rodenticidal Activity Of Bromadiolone—A New Anticoagulant, Adrian P. Meehan Mar 1978

Rodenticidal Activity Of Bromadiolone—A New Anticoagulant, Adrian P. Meehan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Bromadiolone, a new anticoagulant rodenticide, has been evaluated against laboratory rats and mice. Kill of both species was excellent, even when bromadiolone was offered for only one day in the presence of alternative food. Effectiveness against homozygous warfarin resistant rats was also demonstrated. Limited field trials on farms showed that after baiting for seven days with bromadiolone, warfarin resistant rat populations were substantially reduced although subsequent re-infestation occurred. Longer or continuous periods of baiting with bromadiolone would almost certainly prevent population increase, but government restrictions on the amount of bait approved for the trials did not allow this to be …

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Granivorous Birds In Sunflower Crops, Andre Meylan Mar 1978

Granivorous Birds In Sunflower Crops, Andre Meylan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Bird communities visiting and causing damage to sunflower crops were studied in Western Switzerland. The greenfinch is the main pest species. A population study of that species was carried out in Changins, near Nyon, and crop protection techniques, including an ultrasonic device, were tested.

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Vertebrate Pest Control, Where From Here?, Raymond M. Momboisse Mar 1978

Vertebrate Pest Control, Where From Here?, Raymond M. Momboisse

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The legal and regulatory problems confronting the vertebrate pest control profession have mushroomed in recent years. The causes, the groups responsible and a suggested action plan for meeting the problem is outlined.

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Agricultural Pests Destruction Movement In New Zealand, Peter C. Nelson Mar 1978

Agricultural Pests Destruction Movement In New Zealand, Peter C. Nelson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

New Zealand could be regarded as an acclimatization laboratory, i.e., the consequence of a wide range of animal introductions in the period 1840-1907. Species introduced ranged from camels to hedge-hogs, ostriches to sky larks. Fortunately many failed to survive.

The majority of these liberations were made by Acclimatization Societies or private individuals, often with Government approval and protection. The most damaging species were several species of deer, rabbits, Australian opossums, goats, pigs, tahr, wallabies, and chamois.

The establishment, natural dispersion and colonization of unoccupied habitat by these animals was successful and surpassed all expectations. Pastoral land development in the early …

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Present And Historical Bobcat Population Trends In New Mexico And The West, Gary Lee Nunley Mar 1978

Present And Historical Bobcat Population Trends In New Mexico And The West, Gary Lee Nunley

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Bobcat (Lynx rufus) populations throughout the West have reportedly decreased from the high levels of the early sixties. This decrease is also reflected in the annual New Mexico bobcat take of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service when based on a bobcat trapped per man-year of effort relationship from 1916 through 1976. Bobcat populations in New Mexico were comparably low from 1916 through 1948. In 1949 through 1950 populations began to increase to triple their highest pre-1948 levels by the late fifties. New Mexico bobcat populations began to decrease in the early sixties to present levels typical before …

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Chopped Cabbage Baits For Ground Squirrel Control In Nevada, John O'Brien Mar 1978

Chopped Cabbage Baits For Ground Squirrel Control In Nevada, John O'Brien

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Effectiveness of four cabbage baits was tested on Belding (Spermophilus beldingi) or Townsend (S. townsendi) ground squirrels. Ground squirrel activity reduction and number of above ground deaths/ 100 lb. bait applied were as follows: 0.00625% sodium monofluoroacetate - 94 1/2%, 2-1/3; 0.29% strychnine alkaloid - 86%, 17; 0.19% strychnine alkaloid - 73 1/2%, 10. A 0.8% zinc phosphide bait was not well accepted; activity was reduced 39%. Two cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus nuttalli) and one badger (Taxidea taxus) were found dead in treatment fields after treatment.

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Sheep Depredation By Golden Eagles In Montana, Bart W. O'Gara Mar 1978

Sheep Depredation By Golden Eagles In Montana, Bart W. O'Gara

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

A limited study on two ranches near Dillon, Montana, near the end of the lambing season in 1974 revealed that 44 domestic lambs were killed by golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). This was 76 percent of all deaths recorded during the short study. Using an average docking percent of 90 (based on years before severe eagle problems developed), the 76 percent eagle predation, and the 1974 docking percentages, the ranchers estimated an eagle kill of 1,092 lambs valued at about $38,000. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service live-trapped and removed 249 golden eagles from the ranches during the next …

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Vacor®, A New Rodenticide: Its Success In The Field, David L. Peardon Mar 1978

Vacor®, A New Rodenticide: Its Success In The Field, David L. Peardon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Since VACOR (R) was first introduced to the market as a fast acting rodenticide in 1975, it has been sold successfully throughout the United States. The VACOR line is sold over-the-counter as a ready-to-use bait for rats and mice. The DLP-787TM rodenticide line was introduced to the market for sale to professional users only. This line includes both bait and mouse tracking products. It has been well accepted by professional users even though DLP-787 is offered only as ready-to-use products. New products of the same type will be available for commercial introduction in 1978. This paper discusses the successful …

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Ground Squirrel And Prairie Dog Control In Montana, C. Raymond Record Mar 1978

Ground Squirrel And Prairie Dog Control In Montana, C. Raymond Record

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The Columbian ground squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus), Richardson ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsoni), and blacktail prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) cause millions of dollars of loss to Montana agriculture each year. Montana's ground squirrel and prairie dog control programs are based upon local organization and operation with technical assistance being provided by the Montana Department of Livestock Vertebrate Pest Control Bureau. The results of field research programs using zinc phosphide, Compound 1080 and strychnine grain baits to control these species are reported.

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Pheromones: Their Potential For Ground Squirrel Control, Terrell P. Salmon Mar 1978

Pheromones: Their Potential For Ground Squirrel Control, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Olfactory communication appears to be an important aspect of the biology of most ground squirrels. Several scent-producing glands have been described as having scent-marking behavior. Although the adaptive significance of these glands has not been determined, possible functions are discussed. The potential of using pheromones in an integrated ground squirrel management program is discussed.

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Rodents As Agricultural Pests In Mexico—National Rodent Campaign, Federico Sanches Navarete Mar 1978

Rodents As Agricultural Pests In Mexico—National Rodent Campaign, Federico Sanches Navarete

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Since 1973, through the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, the Mexican Government has established a general campaign against the most important groups of vertebrate pests, which cause severe damage to growing crops, stored products and mechanical damage to agricultural and irrigation schemes. To achieve information on this subject, presently the main office of the program is engaged on several activities such as the evaluation of the damage, trapping, species involved, research on population structure (densities and fluctuations to prevent sudden increase of rodent population), sex proportion, pregnancy (number of embryos), bait formulation, distribution methods, etc. Sigmodon spp., Oryzomys spp., …

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Biology, Damage And Control Of The Edible Dormouse (Glis Glis L.) In Central Italy, L. Santini Mar 1978

Biology, Damage And Control Of The Edible Dormouse (Glis Glis L.) In Central Italy, L. Santini

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The remarkable increase in the number of colonies of edible dormouse (Glis glis L.) registered in the litoranean industrial cultivations of Pinus pinea L. in northern Tuscany over the last ten years and the grave damage to the production of pine-seeds consequent on it has created the necessity of studying systems which may reduce the dormouse menace. Going on what has previously been discovered about the habits of the species in this particular habitat, three different methods of control were experimented: direct capture in their nests, which were in this case cavities in the tree trunks which woodpeckers' activities …

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Recent Developments In Bird Damage Control Chemicals, Edward W. Schaffer Jr. Mar 1978

Recent Developments In Bird Damage Control Chemicals, Edward W. Schaffer Jr.

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

A number of actions are under way which could reduce or severely restrict the availability of chemicals presently available for controlling bird damage. The current status of 17 federally registered chemicals, representing approximately 57 products, is discussed with regard to registration, re-registration, or de-registration actions that are pending.

The developmental status of a number of new chemicals or new uses for existing chemicals is also discussed, along with an appraisal of the effects of current federal registration requirements on the eventual availability of these compounds.

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The Potential Of Compound U-12171 As An Avian Repellent, Robert G. Schwab Mar 1978

The Potential Of Compound U-12171 As An Avian Repellent, Robert G. Schwab

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Tests of the effectiveness (primarily reduced plant damage) of U-12171 to repel linnets from, or reduce the amount of feeding damage on, Gem hybrid broccoli suggest that: 1) concentrations above 1.50 lb./acre deterred avian depredations whereas lower concentrations did not; 2) the "hop-scotch" feeding pattern of linnet groups may have contributed to repellency since high concentrations in one area may act as a barrier to other areas; and 3) U-12171 efficiency may be markedly affected by chemical coverage of the plant, the number of applications made, and application timing relative to crop maturity.

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Population Modeling As Aid To Rodent Control In The Field, Francois Spitz Mar 1978

Population Modeling As Aid To Rodent Control In The Field, Francois Spitz

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Forecasting the damages by voles on plant crops depends on a good forecast of vole population density. Biological work in Vendee from 1959 till 1968 have furnished the fundamentals of a population model. Further work on the relationship between breeding and climate enabled us to set up a practical forecasting model. This is applied by the Plant Protection Service, and the damage prevention system consists of a test trapping in winter, a population forecasting in early March, and, if necessary, poisoning in March-April. Generalization of the system is in progress.

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Reproductive Inhibitors For Coyote Population Control: Developments And Current Status, John N. Stellflug, Norman L. Gates, R. Garth Sasser Mar 1978

Reproductive Inhibitors For Coyote Population Control: Developments And Current Status, John N. Stellflug, Norman L. Gates, R. Garth Sasser

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Coyote depreciation often causes severe losses of livestock and wildlife in many areas. The use of toxicants is banned for coyote control in the United States necessitating the consideration of alternative methods of control of these predators. This review deals with a class of possible alternatives for population control (reproductive inhibitors) and the conditions associated with selection and application of reproductive inhibitors to the target species.

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Biological Control Of Conifer Seed Damage By The Deer Mouse (Peromyscus Maniculatus), Thomas P. Sullivan Mar 1978

Biological Control Of Conifer Seed Damage By The Deer Mouse (Peromyscus Maniculatus), Thomas P. Sullivan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

This paper describes the development of a biological technique that successfully controls conifer seed damage by the deer mouse. Eleven experiments have been conducted on three study areas at the University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, B.C. Populations of deer mice have been monitored in all experiments with data from 56,000 trap nights. The technique involves a mixture of conifer seed (Douglas fir) with sunflower seed and oats which is uniformly distributed on logged areas in the late winter-early spring. Survival of conifer seed with these alternate foods was excellent, compared with control Douglas fir by itself, for …

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Wildlife As Vectors In Diseases: Approaches To Solving These Problems In The United Kingdom, Harry V. Thompson Mar 1978

Wildlife As Vectors In Diseases: Approaches To Solving These Problems In The United Kingdom, Harry V. Thompson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Interest in wildlife diseases and their importance to man and his livestock has increased in the United Kingdom during the past decade. Reasons for this are given and particular reference made to the single occurrence of rabies outside quarantine in Britain, in 1969 (the first since 1922), and to the links between bovine tuberculosis in badgers and in cattle.

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Muskrat Control In The Netherlands, W.J. Doude Van Troostwijk Mar 1978

Muskrat Control In The Netherlands, W.J. Doude Van Troostwijk

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Muskrats were introduced into Europe and have now spread over this part of the world. Their success as a colonizing species is discussed, as well as the problems they create in a man-made environment. Due to their successfulness, a strict control program has been changed to a management program in order to keep numbers below the level at which intolerable damage occurs.

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Changing Status Of Mountain Lion In California And Livestock Depredation Problems, Richard A. Weaver Mar 1978

Changing Status Of Mountain Lion In California And Livestock Depredation Problems, Richard A. Weaver

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The California Department of Fish and Game studied depredation by mountain lions on livestock from 1971 through 1977 to determine the scope of the problem. Information was needed on the physical characteristics of a stock killer, the frequency and trend of predation, the livestock types preyed upon, and the geographic distribution of incidents. Department of Fish and Game verified 134 incidents of mountain lion predation on livestock which occurred between April 1971 and December 1977. Forty-five mountain lions (28 males and 17 females) were killed on depredation during this time. Approximately 42 percent of the predation incidents involved sheep, 22 …

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Influences On The Science Of Animal Damage Control, John R. Wood Mar 1978

Influences On The Science Of Animal Damage Control, John R. Wood

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

This paper is about the complexity of animal damage control science and its research, methods development, and control applications. It is not the point here to discourse on the individual methodology used in animal damage control research. The discussion is to point out that many researchers, wildlife managers, bureaucrats, or advocates fail to understand the situation in the science of animal damage control and its attendant problems that need resolution. (1,2,3)

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Design Of A Reliable, Inexpensive Recording Rain Gage Which Utilizes Solid-State Memory, Stephen A. Dyer Mar 1978

Design Of A Reliable, Inexpensive Recording Rain Gage Which Utilizes Solid-State Memory, Stephen A. Dyer

KWRRI Research Reports

Researchers working in the general area of water resources frequently have need for precipitation data. Unfortunately, the cost of commercially available recording rain gages is often greater than $1,000 per unit. This report describes a microprocessor-controlled remote recording rain gage which is capable of unattended operation for periods of greater than a month that costs less than $400 in single quantities. The laboratory prototype uses a tipping bucket to collect precipitation in 0.01-inch increments. The time of the bucket tip is stored, using an offset binary format, in solid-state memory. A complete description of the gage hardware is presented along …

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On The Relative Behavior Of Point Estimators Based On A Decomposition Of Mean Absolute Error, Danny D. Dyer Mar 1978

On The Relative Behavior Of Point Estimators Based On A Decomposition Of Mean Absolute Error, Danny D. Dyer

Mathematics Technical Papers

Let [see pdf for notation] be a family of probability density functions indexed by the parameter [see pdf for notation]. We assume at least one of the [see pdf for notation] is unknown. Based on a random sample of size n from [see pdf for notation], let [see pdf for notation] be two point estimators of the real-valued function [see pdf for notation], where [see pdf for notation] are specified constants, if any. When comparing [see pdf for notation] and [see pdf for notation], it is quite common to examine the ratio of their respective average precisions usually measured by …

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Ferromagnetic And Spin-Glass Ordering In Fe-Doped AuXPd1-X Alloys, E.R. Domb, David J. Sellmyer, T.M. Quick, R.J. Borg Mar 1978

Ferromagnetic And Spin-Glass Ordering In Fe-Doped AuXPd1-X Alloys, E.R. Domb, David J. Sellmyer, T.M. Quick, R.J. Borg

David Sellmyer Publications

Ferromagnetic and spin-glass ordering has been studied in (AuxPd1-x)1-cFec alloys for 0<~x<~1 and 0<~c≲0.06. Magnetic susceptibility, high-field magnetization, and Mössbauer measurements have been performed between liquid-helium and room temperature. For small x, the alloys are strongly exchange enhanced. Assuming that the local-moment-conduction-electron exchange coupling J is independent of x, and employing the Takahashi-Shimizu-Doniach-Wohlfarth theory, we obtain J=0.12 eV from the saturation moment versus host susceptibility data. The theory, however, fails to describe the interimpurity coupling that leads to magnetic order in the Pd-rich alloys. A simple phenomenological model, based on the ferromagnetic coupling of all the giant polarization clouds except those that are "isolated," gives qualitative agreement with the …

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