Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Evaluation Of Wave Contributions In Hurricane Irma Storm Surge Hindcast, Abram Musinguzi, Lokesh Reddy, Muhammad K. Akbar

Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty Research

This paper evaluates the contribution of waves to the total predicted storm surges in a Hurricane Irma hindcast, using ADCIRC+SWAN and ADCIRC models. The contribution of waves is quantified by subtracting the water levels hindcasted by ADCIRC from those hindcasted by ADCIRC+SWAN, using OWI meteorological forcing in both models. Databases of water level time series, wave characteristic time series, and high-water marks are used to validate the model performance. Based on the application of our methodology to the coastline around Florida, a peninsula with unique geomorphic characteristics, we find that wave runup has the largest contribution to the total water …

New Hampshire Continental Shelf Geospatial Database: Surficial Geology Maps And Sediment Grain Size Data, Larry G. Ward, Zachary S. Mcavoy, Rachel C. Morrison

Data Catalog

The “New Hampshire Continental Shelf Geospatial Database: Surficial Geology Maps and Sediment Grain Size Data” consists of high-resolution surficial geology maps of the continental shelf off New Hampshire to Jeffreys Ledge in the Western Guff of Maine (WGOM) and supporting sediment grain size information. The surficial geology maps cover ~3,250 km² (Figure 1). The maps depict three different classifications based on the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standards (CMECS; FGDC, 2012): Geoforms (major morphologic or physiographic features; Figure 2; Table 1), Geologic Substrate Subclass (Figure 3; Table 2), and Geologic Substrate Group (Figure 4; Table 2). The maps are …

Review Of Elastic Light Scattering From Single Aerosol Particles And Application In Bioaerosol Detection, Yong-Le Pan, Kevin B. Aptowicz, Jessica Arnold, Samuel Cheng, Aimable Kalume, Patricio Piedra, Chuji Wang, Joshua Santarpia, Gorden Videen

Physics & Engineering Faculty Publications

Elastic light scattering (ELS) from single micron-sized particles has been used as a fast, non-destructive diagnostic tool in life science, physics, chemistry, climatology, and astrophysics. Due to the large scattering cross-section, ELS can be used to find trace amounts of suspect particles such as bioaerosols among complex, diverse atmospheric aerosols, based on single-particle interrogation. In this article, we briefly summarized the main computational models and instrumentation developed for ELS, then reviewed how properties like particle size, refractive index, degree of symmetry, and surface roughness, in addition to packing density, shape of primary particles in an aggregate, and special helix structures …

Prolonged Drying Trend Coincident With The Demise Of Norse Settlement In Southern Greenland, Boyang Zhao, Isla S. Castañeda, Jeffrey M. Salacup, Elizabeth K. Thomas, William C. Daniels, Tobias Schneider, Gregory A. De Wet, Raymond S. Bradley

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

Declining temperature has been thought to explain the abandonment of Norse settlements, southern Greenland, in the early 15th century, although limited paleoclimate evidence is available from the inner settlement region itself. Here, we reconstruct the temperature and hydroclimate history from lake sediments at a site adjacent to a former Norse farm. We find no substantial temperature changes during the settlement period but rather that the region experienced a persistent drying trend, which peaked in the 16th century. Drier climate would have notably reduced grass production, which was essential for livestock overwintering, and this drying trend is concurrent with a Norse …

Institute For Global Health And Development : Issue 2 - March 2022, Institute For Global Health And Development

IGHD Newsletter

• Bulletin
• Research and Publications
• Uplifting Communities
• Research Scientists at IGHD
• Webinars and Dialogues
• Celebration
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Spectra Of Variants Of Distance Matrices Of Graphs And Digraphs: A Survey, L. Hogben, Carolyn Reinhart

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Works

Distance matrices of graphs were introduced by Graham and Pollack in 1971 to study a problem in communications. Since then, there has been extensive research on the distance matrices of graphs—a 2014 survey by Aouchiche and Hansen on spectra of distance matrices of graphs lists more than 150 references. In the last 10 years, variants such as the distance Laplacian, the distance signless Laplacian, and the normalized distance Laplacian matrix of a graph have been studied. After a brief description of the early history of the distance matrix and its motivating problem, this survey focuses on comparing and contrasting techniques …

Polymer Coated Urea Microplastics: Urban Landscape, C. J. Seely, B. T. Geary, B. G. Hopkins

Library/Life Sciences Undergraduate Poster Competition 2022

• Polymer Coated Urea (PCU) is an effective fertilizer.
• Microplastics, from a wide range of waste materials, pollute water bodies.
• One potential source of microplastics are from PCU fertilizers if the coatings are transported overland into water bodies.
• Various urban landscape systems vary in the potential for surface runoff.

Improving Adversarial Attacks Against Malconv, Justin Burr

Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation proposes several improvements to existing adversarial attacks against MalConv, a raw-byte malware classifier for Windows PE files. The included contributions greatly improve the success rates and performance of gradient-based file overlay attacks. All improvements are included in a new open-source attack utility called BitCamo.

Several new payload initialization strategies for use with gradient-based attacks are proposed and evaluated as potential replacements for the randomized initialization method used by current attacks. An algorithm for determining the optimal payload size is also proposed. The resulting improvements achieve a 100% evasion rate against eligible target executables using an average payload size …

Evidence For Short Temporal Atmospheric Variations Observed By Infrasonic Signals: 1. The Troposphere, G. Averbuch, M. Ronac-Giannone, S. Arrowsmith, J. F. Anderson

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Infrasound monitoring is used in the forensic analysis of events, studying the physical processes of sources of interest, and probing the atmosphere. The dynamical nature of the atmosphere and the use of infrasound as a forensic tool lead to the following questions; (1) what is the timescale of atmospheric variability that affects infrasonic signals? (2) how do infrasound signals vary as a function of time? This study addresses these questions by monitoring a repetitive infrasound source and its corresponding tropospheric returns 54 km away. Source-receiver empirical Green's functions are obtained every 20 s and used to demonstrate the effect of …

Humboldt Bay Sea Level Rise Regional Planning Feasibility Study - Stakeholder Catalogue, Michael Richardson, Lisa Shikany, Sarah Wickman, Kristen Orth-Gordinier

Local Reports and Publications

This catalogue seeks to identify asset owners, managers, and other parties that will or could be implicated in a regional Humboldt Bay sea level rise (SLR) planning effort. It provides information regarding assets they own or manage, their authority or area of interest within the SLR regional planning area, or other concerns as they may pertain to regional SLR management. The parties identified range from those that would be significantly or directly involved in regional SLR planning to those that could be indirectly involved or have a tangential interest in such an effort.

This catalogue will serve as a tool …

Soil Chemistry And Clay Mineralogy Of An Alluvial Chronosequence From The North Carolina Sandhills Of The Upper Coastal Plain, Usa, Bradley E. Suther, David S. Leigh, Larry T. West

Faculty Articles

Temporal changes in soil development were assessed on fluvial terraces of the Little River in the upper Coastal Plain of North Carolina. We examined five profiles from each of six surfaces spanning about 100,000 years. Soil-age relationships were evaluated with inter-surface clay mineral comparisons and regression of chemical properties versus previously reported optically-stimulated luminescence ages using the most developed subsoil horizon per profile. Bases to alumina (Bases/Al2 O3 ) ratios have negative correlations with age, whereas dithionite-Fe (FeD ) concentrations are positively correlated with time and differentiate floodplain (BP) from terrace (≥10 ± 2 ka) soils and T4 pedons (75 …

Spatial And Temporal Analysis Of Big Dataset On Pm2.5 Air Pollution In Beijing, China, 2014 To 2018, Hutong Fan

Great Lakes Center Masters Theses

Air particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution is a critical environment problem worldwide and also in Beijing, China. We gathered five-year PM_2.5 contaminate concentrations from 2014 to 2018, from the Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center and China Air Quality Real-time Distribution Platform. This is a big dataset, and we collected with crawler technology from Python programming. After examining the quality of the recorded data, we determined to conduct the temporal and spatial analysis using 27 observation stations located in both urban and suburb area in the municipality of Beijing. The big dataset of five-year hourly PM_2.5 concentrations was …

Nitrogen Reductions Have Decreased Hypoxia In The Chesapeake Bay: Evidence From Empirical And Numerical Modeling, Luke T. Frankel, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Pierre St-Laurent, Aaron J. Bever, Rom Lipcius, Gopal Bhatt, Gary W. Shenk

VIMS Articles

Seasonal hypoxia is a characteristic feature of the Chesapeake Bay due to anthropogenic nutrient input from agriculture and urbanization throughout the watershed. Although coordinated management efforts since 1985 have reduced nutrient inputs to the Bay, oxygen concentrations at depth in the summer still frequently fail to meet water quality standards that have been set to protect critical estuarine living resources. To quantify the impact of watershed nitrogen reductions on Bay hypoxia during a recent period including both average discharge and extremely wet years (2016–2019), this study employed both statistical and three-dimensional (3-D) numerical modeling analyses. Numerical model results suggest that …

Controls On Sediment Bed Erodibility In A Muddy, Partially-Mixed Tidal Estuary, Cristin L. Wright, Carl T. Friedrichs, Grace M. Massey

VIMS Articles

he objectives of this study are to better understand controls on bed erodibility in muddy estuaries, including the roles of both sediment properties and recent hydrodynamic history. An extensive data set of erodibility measurements, sediment properties, and hydrodynamic information was utilized to create statistical models to predict the erodibility of the sediment bed. This data set includes >160 eroded mass versus applied stress profiles collected over 15 years along the York River estuary, a system characterized by “depth-limited erosion,” such that the critical stress for erosion increases rapidly with depth into the bed. For this study, erodibility was quantified in …

The International Pulsar Timing Array Second Data Release: Search For An Isotropic Gravitational Wave Background, J. Antoniadis, Z. Arzoumanian, S. Babak, M. Bailes, A.-S. Bak Nielsen, P. T. Baker, C. G. Bassa, B. Bécsy, A. Berthereau, M. Bonetti, A. Brazier, P. R. Brook, M. Burgay, S. Burke-Spolaor, R. N. Caballero, J. A. Casey-Clyde, A. Chalumeau, D. J. Champion, M. Charisi, S. Chatterjee, S. Chen, I. Cognard, J. M. Cordes, N. J. Cornish, F. Crawford, H. T. Cromartie, K. Crowter, S. Dai, M. E. Decesar, P. B. Demorest, G. Desvignes, T. Dolch, B. Drachler, M. Falxa, E. C. Ferrara, W. Fiore, E. Fonseca, J. R. Gair, N. Garver-Daniels, B. Goncharov, D. C. Good, E. Graikou, L. Guillemot, Y. J. Guo, J. S. Hazboun, G. Hobbs, H. Hu, K. Islo, G. H. Janssen, R. J. Jennings, A. D. Johnson, M. L. Jones, A. R. Kaiser, D. L. Kaplan, R. Karuppusamy, M. J. Keith, L. Z. Kelley, M. Kerr, J. S. Key, M. Kramer, M. T. Lam, W. G. Lamb, T. J. W. Lazio, K. J. Lee, L. Lentati, K. Liu, J. Luo, R. S. Lynch, A. G. Lyne, D. R. Madison, R. A. Main, R. N. Manchester, A. Mcewen, J. W. Mckee, M. A. Mclaughlin, M. B. Mickaliger, C. M. F. Mingarelli, C. Ng, D. J. Nice, S. Osłowski, A. Parthasarathy, T. T. Pennucci, B. B. P. Perera, D. Perrodin, A. Petiteau, N. S. Pol, N. K. Porayko, A. Possenti, S. M. Ransom, P. S. Ray, D. J. Reardon, C. J. Russell, S. Samajdar, L. M. Sampson, S. Sanidas, J. M. Sarkissian, K. Schmitz, L. Schult, A. Sesana, G. Shaifullah, R. M. Shannon, B. J. Shapiro-Albert, X. Siemens, J. Simon, Tristan L. Smith, L. Speri, R. Spiewak, I. H. Stairs, B. W. Stappers, D. R. Stinebring, J. K. Swiggum, S. R. Taylor, G. Theureau, C. Tiburzi, M. Vallisneri, E. Van Der Wateren, A. Vecchio, J. P. W. Verbiest, S. J. Vigeland, H. Wahl, J. B. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, C. A. Witt, S. Zhang, X. J. Zhu

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

We searched for an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array, a global collaboration synthesizing decadal-length pulsar-timing campaigns in North America, Europe, and Australia. In our reference search for a power-law strain spectrum of the form h_c = A(f/1 yr⁻¹)^α, we found strong evidence for a spectrally similar low-frequency stochastic process of amplitude A = 3.8 (+6.3)/(-2.5) × 10⁻¹⁵ and spectral index α = −0.5 ± 0.5, where the uncertainties represent 95 per cent credible regions, using information from the auto- and cross-correlation terms between …

Magic Wavelengths For 1s–Ns And 2s–Ns Transitions In Hydrogenlike Systems, Chandra M. Adhikari, Jonathan C. Canales, Thusitha P.W. Arthanayaka, Ulrich D. Jentschura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We study the magic wavelength for two-photon 1S–nS transitions in a hydrogen and deuterium atom, as well as 2S–nS transitions, where the lower level is the metastable 2S state. At the magic wavelength, the dynamic Stark shifts of the ground and the excited state of the transition coincide, so that the transition frequency is independent of the intensity of the trapping laser field. Experimentally feasible magic wavelengths of transitions with small slopes in the atomic polarizabilities are determined; these are the most stable magic wavelengths against variations of the laser frequency. We provide data for the magic wavelengths for the …

Perceptions Of Violations By Artificial And Human Actors Across Moral Foundations, Timothy Maninger, Daniel Burton Shank

Psychological Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Artificial agents such as robots, chatbots, and artificial intelligence systems can be the perpetrators of a range of moral violations traditionally limited to human actors. This paper explores how people perceive the same moral violations differently for artificial agent and human perpetrators by addressing three research questions: How wrong are moral foundation violations by artificial agents compared to human perpetrators? Which moral foundations do artificial agents violate compared to human perpetrators? What leads to increased blame for moral foundation violations by artificial agents compared to human perpetrators? We adapt 18 human-perpetrated moral violation scenarios that differ by the moral foundation …

The Relationship Between Parenting Practices And Cyberbullying Perpetration: The Mediating Role Of Moral Beliefs, Jaeyong Choi, Seungmug (Zech) Lee, Layne Dittmann

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

Criminologists and psychologists have long recognized that parenting practices can affect childhood outcomes and the development of moral beliefs in children. Another body of literature provides evidence that morality is a key cause of antisocial behavior. Yet, a noticeable gap in this line of work has been testing the mediation effects of parenting practices on cyberbullying via moral beliefs. Using a sample of South Korean adolescents, we tested whether moral beliefs mediate the relationships between parenting practices and cyberbullying perpetration. Results show that parental supervision and excessive parenting can influence cyberbullying perpetration and that the impact of parenting practices is …

Social Construction Of Internet Fraud As Innovation Among Youths In Nigeria, Austin Ayodele Mr., Jonathan Kehinde Oyedeji, Huthman Olamide Badmos

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

The proliferation of internet technologies has shaped interactions in contemporary society. Despite the pivotal importance of the internet to the global economy, it has several negative consequences such as internet fraud. This study examined the perception that young adults in Nigeria hold about internet fraud as an innovative means to economic survival rather than as a criminal enterprise. Robert Merton’s Anomie/Strain Theory (AST) was adopted as the theoretical thrust of the study. Adopting a qualitative data collection method, 15 participants were selected using the non-probabilistic purposive and snowballing techniques while opinions were sampled through in-depth interviews in different locations within …

Long-Range Interactions For Hydrogen Atoms In Excited D States, Chandra M. Adhikari, Ulrich D. Jentschura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Pressure shifts inside an atomic beam are among the more theoretically challenging effects in high-precision measurements of atomic transitions. A crucial element in their theoretical analysis is the understanding of long-range interatomic interactions inside the beam. For excited reference states, the presence of quasi-degenerate states leads to additional challenges, due to the necessity to diagonalize large matrices in the quasi-degenerate hyperfine manifolds. Here, we focus on the interactions of hydrogen atoms in reference states composed of an excited nD state (atom A), and in the metastable 2S state (atom B). We devote special attention to the cases n = 3 …

Pixe Analysis Of Heavy Metals In Soil Along The East River, Mia Villeneuve

Honors Theses

We collected samples of soil from along the East River in Queens, New York, near the Hell Gate Bridge, on the Astoria Park side of the bridge in 2019 and on the Randall’s Island Park side in 2021. We performed proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis on the samples and found that soil closer to the Hell Gate Bridge contained higher concentrations of heavy metals, specifically lead and zinc. Many of the soil samples contained lead concentrations greater than the EPA standard of 400 ppm. We also performed PIXE analysis on a sample of the paint used on the bridge and …

Electron-Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy Of Mgo And Aluminum-Doped Mgo, Elise Liebow

Honors Theses

Radiation is a form of energy that can damage materials at an atomic level. This has implications for the mobility of radioactive waste through containment materials. We are characterizing atomic defects in materials by using Electron-Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (EPALS). When an electron and positron come into contact with each other, they annihilate and release two antiparallel 511-keV gamma rays. In a pristine crystalline sample, positrons can easily annihilate with electrons, but in a sample with vacancies/defects in the crystal structure, positrons take longer to annihilate. Therefore, the more vacancies in a sample, the longer the average lifetime of a …

Exploiting Non-Linear Scales In Galaxy–Galaxy Lensing And Galaxy Clustering: A Forecast For The Dark Energy Survey, Andrés N. Salcedo, David H. Weinberg, Hao-Yi Wu, Benjamin D. Wibking

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Clustering With Density Based Initialization And Bhattacharyya Based Merging, Erdem Köse, Ali̇ Köksal Hocaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Centroid based clustering approaches, such as k-means, are relatively fast but inaccurate for arbitrary shape clusters. Fuzzy c-means with Mahalanobis distance can accurately identify clusters if data set can be modelled by a mixture of Gaussian distributions. However, they require number of clusters apriori and a bad initialization can cause poor results. Density based clustering methods, such as DBSCAN, overcome these disadvantages. However, they may perform poorly when the dataset is imbalanced. This paper proposes a clustering method, named clustering with density initialization and Bhattacharyya based merging based on the fuzzy clustering. The initialization is carried out by density estimation …

A New Classification Method Using Soft Decision-Making Based On An Aggregation Operator Of Fuzzy Parameterized Fuzzy Soft Matrices, Samet Memi̇ş, Serdar Engi̇noğlu, Uğur Erkan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Recently, a precise and stable machine learning algorithm, i.e. eigenvalue classification method (EigenClass), has been developed by using the concept of generalised eigenvalues in contrast to common approaches, such as k-nearest neighbours, support vector machines, and decision trees. In this paper, we offer a new classification algorithm called fuzzy parameterized fuzzy soft aggregation classifier (FPFS-AC) to combine the modelling ability of soft decision-making (SDM) and classification success of generalised eigenvalues. FPFS-AC constructs a decision matrix by employing the similarity measures of fuzzy parameterized fuzzy soft matrices fpfs -matrices) and a generalised eigenvalue-based similarity measure. Then, it applies an SDM method …

Biometric Identification Using Panoramic Dental Radiographic Images Withfew-Shot Learning, Musa Ataş, Cüneyt Özdemi̇r, İsa Ataş, Burak Ak, Esma Özeroğlu

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Determining identity is a crucial task especially in the cases of mass disasters such as tsunamis, earthquakes, fires, epidemics, and in forensics. Although there are various studies in the literature on biometric identification from radiographic dental images, more research is still required. In this study, a panoramic dental radiographic (PDR) imagebased human identification system was developed using a customized deep convolutional neural network model in a few-shot learning scheme. The proposed model (PDR-net) was trained on 600 PDR images obtained from a total of 300 patients. As the PDR images of the patients were very different in terms of pose …

Directional Pairwise Class Confusion Bias And Its Mitigation, Sudhashree Sayenju, Ramazan Aygun Phd, Jonathan Boardman, Duleep Prasanna Rathgamage Don, Yifan Zhang Phd, Bill Franks, Sereres Johnston Phd, George Lee, Dan Sullivan, Girish Modgil Phd

Published and Grey Literature from PhD Candidates

Recent advances in Natural Language Processing have led to powerful and sophisticated models like BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) that have bias. These models are mostly trained on text corpora that deviate in important ways from the text encountered by a chatbot in a problem-specific context. While a lot of research in the past has focused on measuring and mitigating bias with respect to protected attributes (stereotyping like gender, race, ethnicity, etc.), there is lack of research in model bias with respect to classification labels. We investigate whether a classification model hugely favors one class with respect to another. …

Removing The Veil: Shining Light On The Lack Of Inclusivity In Cybersecurity Education For Students With Disabilities, Felicia Hellems, Sajal Bhatia

School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications

There are currently over one billion people living with some form of disability worldwide. The continuous increase in new technologies in today's society comes with an increased risk in security. A fundamental knowledge of cybersecurity should be a basic right available to all users of technology. A review of literature in the fields of cybersecurity, STEM, and computer science (CS) has revealed existent gaps regarding educational methods for teaching cybersecurity to students with disabilities (SWD's). To date, SWD's are largely left without equitable access to cybersecurity education. Our goal is to identify current educational methods being used to teach SWD's …

Iowa Waste Reduction Center Newsletter, March 2022, University Of Northern Iowa. Iowa Waste Reduction Center.

Iowa Waste Reduction Center Newsletter

Inside this Issue:

--- Upcoming Events
--- Important Reminder about Student Health Insurance
--- UNI Hosts Cedar Valley Sustainability Business Workshops and Competition
--- Compost Operator Re-certification Training Course
--- Welcome, Molly!
--- International Compost Awareness Week
--- Minor Source Emissions Inventory Assistance
--- Industry News

Approximate Dynamic Programming For An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Routing Problem With Obstacles And Stochastic Target Arrivals, Kassie M. Gurnell

Theses and Dissertations

The United States Air Force is investing in artificial intelligence (AI) to speed analysis in efforts to modernize the use of autonomous unmanned combat aerial vehicles (AUCAVs) in strike coordination and reconnaissance (SCAR) missions. This research examines an AUCAVs ability to execute target strikes and provide reconnaissance in a SCAR mission. An orienteering problem is formulated as anMarkov decision process (MDP) model wherein a single AUCAV must optimize its target route to aid in eliminating time-sensitive targets and collect imagery of requested named areas of interest while evading surface-to-air missile (SAM) battery threats imposed as obstacles. The AUCAV adjusts its …