Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Comparison Of The Performance Of The Observation-Based Hybrid Edmf And Edmf-Tke Pbl Schemes In 2020 Tropical Cyclone Forecasts From The Globalnested Hurricane Analysis And Forecast System, Andrew Hazelton, Jun A. Zhang, Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan

Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Faculty Publications

Better representation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in numerical models is one of the keys to improving forecasts of TC structure and intensity, including rapid intensification. To meet this goal, our recent work has used observations to improve the eddy-diffusivity mass flux with prognostic turbulent kinetic energy (EDMF-TKE) PBL scheme in the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS). This study builds on that work by comparing a modified version of EDMF-TKE (MEDMF-TKE) with the hybrid EDMF scheme based on a K-profile method (HEDMF-KP) in the 2020 HAFS-globalnest model. Verification statistics based on 101 cases in the 2020 season demonstrate …

Coping With Grief And Loneliness: The Healing Power Of Green Spaces, Jasmin Tahmaseb Mcconatha, Georgina Hanna, Katherine Ford, Carolyn Cusmano, Nicole Lyman

Sustainability Research & Practice Seminar Presentations

Professor Jasmin Tahmaseb McConatha, Psychology, with Georgina Hanna, Katherine Ford, Carolyn Cusmano, and Nicole Lyman - Coping with Grief and Loneliness: The Healing Power of Green Spaces

Comparison Of Mlt Momentum Fluxes Over The Andes At Four Different Latitudinal Sectors Using Multistatic Radar Configurations, J. Federico Conte, Alan Liu, Zishun Qiao, Jorge L. Chau, David C. Fritts, José L. Hormaechea, Jacobo O. Salvador, Marco A. Milla

Publications

The middle atmosphere over South America, particularly above the Andes mountain range, is known as one of the most dynamically active regions in the world. Previous studies have investigated wave dynamics at mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) altitudes within this region, but only a handful of them have made use of continuous measurements provided by specular meteor radars (SMRs). Furthermore, it was only until recently that MLT horizontal wind gradients were estimated for the first time using Spread Spectrum Interferometric Multistatic meteor radar Observing Network (SIMONe) Argentina, a multistatic SMR network located in southern Patagonia. By observing larger amounts of …

An Efficient Method Of Evaluating Multiple Concurrent Management Actions On Invasive Populations, Amy J. Davis, Randy Farrar, Brad Jump, Parker Hall, Travis Guerrant, Kim M. Pepin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Evaluating the efficacy of management actions to control invasive species is crucial for maintaining funding and to provide feedback for the continual improvement of management efforts. However, it is often difficult to assess the efficacy of control methods due to limited resources for monitoring. Managers may view effort on monitoring as effort taken away from performing management actions. We developed a method to estimate invasive species abundance, evaluate management effectiveness, and evaluate population growth over time from a combination of removal activities (e.g., trapping, ground shooting) using only data collected during removal efforts (method of removal, date, location, number of …

Comparison Of Human Urinary Exosomes Isolated Via Ultracentrifugation Alone Versus Ultracentrifugation Followed By Sec Column-Purification, Kun Huang, Sudha Garimella, Alyssa Clay-Gilmour, Lucia Vojtech, Bridget Armstrong, Madison Bessonny, Alexis Stamatikos

Faculty Publications

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive, incurable condition that involves a gradual loss of kidney function. While there are no non-invasive biomarkers available to determine whether individuals are susceptible to developing chronic kidney disease, small RNAs within urinary exosomes have recently emerged as a potential candidate to use for assessing renal function. Ultracentrifugation is the gold standard for urinary exosome isolation. However, extravesicular small RNA contamination can occur when isolating exosomes from biological fluids using ultracentrifugation, which may lead to misidentifying the presence of certain small RNA species in human urinary exosomes. Therefore, we characterized human urinary exosomal preparations isolated …

An Automated Zoom Class Session Analysis Tool To Improve Education, Jack Arlo Cannon Ii

Dissertations and Theses

The recent shift towards remote education has presented new challenges for instructors with respect to teaching evaluation. Students in traditional classrooms send signals to instructors which provide feedback for the effectiveness of a given lecture. Virtual learning environments lack some of these communication channels and require new ways of collecting feedback. This work presents a suite of analysis tools for the virtual instructor. Given the transcript and video files for a Zoom meeting, this tool summarizes student sentiment and speaking characteristics. Sentiment scores are derived using state of the art Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. The video file is used …

Linear Nearest Neighbor Flocks With All Distinct Agents, Robert G. Lyons

Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation analyzes the global dynamics of 1-dimensional agent arrays with nearest neighbor linear couplings. The equations of motion are second order linear ODE's with constant coefficients. The novel part of this research is that the couplings are different for each agent. We allow the forces to depend on the relative position and relative velocity (damping terms) of the agents, and the coupling magnitudes differ for each agent. Further, we do not assume that the forces are "Newtonian'" (i.e., the force due to A on B equals minus the force of B on A) as this assumption does not apply …

The Optimum Grazing Time Based On Milk Fatty Acids And Yield For Holstein Lactating Cows Through Eco-Pastoral System In Alpine Grassland, M. Kim, J. Y. Kim, M. H. Jo, C. H. Kim, K. Sung

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

This study aimed to detect the optimum grazing time based on milk fatty acids and yield for the Holstein cow (Bos taurus) through eco-pastoral system in Korean alpine grassland. The treatment of grazing time was 3 levels: Non-grazing, Half-day grazing, Full-day grazing. First, the difference of milk fatty acids (saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid, Total ω-3, etc.) and milk yield was checked by grazing time via ANOVA. Second, various measurements of milk fatty acids were reduced to principal components for effective and obvious detecting the variation as a grazing time. Final, the variations of milk fatty acid …

Prospects Of Cattle Farming In An Era Of Land Degradation-Perceptions Of The Farmers In The Okakarara Communal Area, Namibia, H. T. N. Heita, D. Gunner

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Livestock farming plays an important role in many rural people s’ livelihoods around the globe. The sector is, however, faced with numerous challenges, particularly land degradation. Namibia, one of the driest countries in the world, is no exception to land degradation challenges, mostly among communal rangeland areas. Several studies and interventions on land degradation have been conducted in the country, however, with limited or no information on farmers' perceptions. Although land degradation may be a physical process, understanding its causes, process, indicators, and effects from the own users’ is indispensable. Here, we assessed farmers' perception in the eastern part of …

Effects Of Seasonal Rest Grazing And Diet Selection Of Sheep On Pasture Composition In Bromus Inermis Improved Meadow Steppe, H. Zhang, Y. J. Zhang, N. Liu

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

To develop sustainable grazing management systems based on highly-productive dominant species, it is critical to maintain pasture growth and prevent land degradation on meadow steppe. A field study was performed to identify the impact of seasonal rest grazing on diet selection of sheep and pasture composition in Bromus inermis improved meadow steppe from 2015 to 2017 in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China. Three seasonal rest grazing strategies were conducted: R1 included a spring rest from June 15 to July 15, R2 a summer rest from July 15 to August 15 and R3 an autumn rest from August 15 to September 15. …

The Effect Of Hay Supplementation On Performance Of Grazing Alpaca In The Peruvian Andes, M. Enciso, C. Gómez, C. Osorio

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Productivity of alpaca grazing rangelands in the Andes is often limited by the low availability and quality of those pastures during the dry season of the year. The use as supplements of forages cultivated during the rainy season in appropriate areas in the Andes may be a strategy to improve performance of alpacas. Therefore, the supplementation of oat-vetch pellets or oat hay was evaluated and compared with a control group without supplementation. Sixty three female alpacas (15 months of age, 34 ± 1.0 kg BW), divided in three groups, grazing range pastures (6.1% crude protein and 61.3% NDF) during dry …

Fabrication And Characterization Of Autonomously Self-Healable And Stretchable Soft Microfluidics, Hualong Wang, Susanna Vu, Julia Pignanelli, Tamer Abdel Fatah, John F. Trant, Sara Mahshid, Simon Rondeau-Gagné, Mohammed Jalal Ahamed

Chemistry and Biochemistry Publications

In this paper, a novel self-healable and stretchable microfluidics system for next generation wearable lab-on-a-chip is presented. An imine-based precursor with various metal sources (Co(II), Fe(II), and Zn(II)) is used for the development of an intrinsically autonomous self-healing microfluidic device. Microfluidics fabrication is performed on the self-healing substrate layer using a mold transfer method. The mechanical properties of the resulting layer are evaluated using tensile strain pull testing. Microfluidic characteristics including fluid flow, wettability, leak, and fluorescence compatibility are investigated to understand its performance in classical microfluidic applications. The new microfluidic devices are also characterized using scanning-electron microscopy to evaluate …

Analysis Of Skills Sought By Employers Of Bachelors-Level Geoscientists, Gregory Shafer, Karen Viskuptic, Anne E. Egger

Geological Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Bachelors-level geoscientists make up the majority of the geoscience workforce, and positions for entry-level geoscientists are expected to grow rapidly over the next decade, with some jobs anticipating upward of 10% growth (National Center for O*NET Development, 2021). Are geoscience departments adequately preparing undergraduate students to succeed in these positions?

An Equity-First Approach To Climate Adaptation, San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative, San Diego Association Of Governments

San Diego Regional Climate Collaborative

The Equity-First Approach to Climate Adaptation guidance document (Equity Guidance; document) serves as a general framework for local agency planners and transportation planning professionals. The Equity Guidance’s overall goal is to provide best practices for designing, planning, and implementing a climate adaptation process that supports equitable outcomes. This document identifies trends, assumptions, emerging practices, indicators, metrics, and implementation opportunities, that support and operationalize an equitable climate adaptation planning process.

Characteristics And Assessing Biological Risks Of Airborne Bacteria In Waste Sorting Plant, Abbas Norouzian Baghani, Somayeh Golbaz, Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh, Marcelo I. Guzman, Mahdieh Delikhoon, Mehdi Jamshidi Rastani, Abdullah Barkhordari, Ramin Nabizadeh

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Examining the concentration and types of airborne bacteria in waste paper and cardboard sorting plants (WPCSP) is an urgent matter to inform policy makers about the health impacts on exposed workers. Herein, we collected 20 samples at 9 points of a WPCSP every 6 winter days, and found that the most abundant airborne bacteria were positively and negatively correlated to relative humidity and temperature, respectively. The most abundant airborne bacteria (in units of CFU m⁻³) were: Staphylococcus sp. (72.4) > Micrococcus sp. (52.2) > Bacillus sp. (30.3) > Enterococcus sp. (24.0) > Serratia marcescens (20.1) > E. coli (19.1) > Pseudomonas sp. (16.0) > Nocardia …

Allodb: An R Package For Biomass Estimation At Globally Distributed Extratropical Forest Plots, Erika Gonzalez-Akre, Camille Piponiot, Mauro Lepore, Valentine Herrmann, James A. Lutz, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Christopher W. Dick, Gregory S. Gilbert, Fangliang He, Michael Heym, Alejandra I. Huerta, Patrick A. Jansen, Daniel J. Johnson, Nikolai Knapp, Kamil Král, Dunmei Lin, Yadvinder Malhi, Sean M. Mcmahon, Jonathan A. Myers, David Orwig, Diego I. Rodríguez-Hernández, Sabrina E. Russo, Jessica Shue, Xugao Wang, Amy Wolf, Tonghui Yang, Stuart J. Davies, Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Allometric equations for calculation of tree above-ground biomass (AGB) form the basis for estimates of forest carbon storage and exchange with the atmosphere. While standard models exist to calculate forest biomass across the tropics, we lack a standardized tool for computing AGB across boreal and temperate regions that comprise the global extratropics. Here we present an integrated R package, allodb, containing systematically selected published allometric equations and proposed functions to compute AGB. The data component of the package is based on 701 woody species identified at 24 large Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO) forest dynamics plots representing a wide diversity …

Determining If Active Galactic Nuclei (Agn) Jets Can Survive The Cold Fronts Of Merger Galaxies, Stephen Walker, Isabelle Wingate

Summer Community of Scholars (RCEU and HCR) Project Proposals

No abstract provided.

Singing Strategies Are Linked To Perch Use On Foraging Territories In Heart-Nosed Bats, Grace C. Smarsh, Ashley M. Long, Michael Smotherman

Faculty Publications

Acoustic communication allows animals to coordinate and optimize resource utilization in space. Cardioderma cor, the heart-nosed bat, is one of the few species of bats known to sing during nighttime foraging. Previous research found that heart-nosed bats react aggressively to song playback, supporting the territorial defense hypothesis of singing in this species. We further investigated the territorial defense hypothesis from an ecological standpoint, which predicts that singing should be associated with exclusive areas containing a resource, by tracking 14 individuals nightly during the dry seasons in Tanzania. We quantified the singing behavior of individuals at all perches used throughout the …

Strict Lyapunov Functions And Feedback Controls For Sir Models With Quarantine And Vaccination, Hiroshi Ito, Michael Malisoff, Frederic Mazenc

Faculty Publications

We provide a new global strict Lyapunov function construction for a susceptible, infected, and recovered (or SIR) disease dynamics that includes quarantine of infected individuals and mass vaccination. We use the Lyapunov function to design feedback controls to asymptotically stabilize a desired endemic equilibrium, and to prove input-to-state stability for the dynamics with a suitable restriction on the disturbances. Our simulations illustrate the potential of our feedback controls to reduce peak levels of infected individuals.

Periodicity On Isolated Time Scales, Martin Bohner, Jaqueline Mesquita, Sabrina Streipert

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this work, we formulate the definition of periodicity for functions defined on isolated time scales. The introduced definition is consistent with the known formulations in the discrete and quantum calculus settings. Using the definition of periodicity, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions to a family of linear dynamic equations on isolated time scales. Examples in quantum calculus and for mixed isolated time scales are presented.

On Inclusions With Monotone-Type Mappings In Nonreflexive Banach Spaces, Vy Khoi Le

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We are concerned in this article with the existence of solutions to inclusions containing generalized pseudomonotone perturbations of maximal monotone mappings in general Banach spaces. Our approach is based on a truncation–regularization technique and an extension of the Moreau–Yosida–Brezis–Crandall–Pazy regularization for maximal monotone mappings in general Banach spaces. We also consider some applications to multivalued variational inequalities containing elliptic operators with rapidly growing coefficients in Orlicz–Sobolev spaces.

Docking And Molecular Dynamic Of Microalgae Compounds As Potential Inhibitors Of Beta-Lactamase, Roberto Pestana-Nobles, Yani Aranguren-Diaz, Elwi Machado-Sierra, Juvenal Yosa, Nataly J. Galan-Freyle,, Laura X. Sepulveda-Montano, Daniel G. Kuroda, Leonardo C. Pacheco-Londono

Faculty Publications

Bacterial resistance is responsible for a wide variety of health problems, both in children and adults. The persistence of symptoms and infections are mainly treated with beta-lactam antibiotics. The increasing resistance to those antibiotics by bacterial pathogens generated the emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), an actual public health problem. This is due to rapid mutations of bacteria when exposed to antibiotics. In this case, beta-lactamases are enzymes used by bacteria to hydrolyze the beta-lactam rings present in the antibiotics. Therefore, it was necessary to explore novel molecules as potential beta-lactamases inhibitors to find antibacterial compounds against infection caused by ESBLs. …

A Survey Of Blind Modulation Classification Techniques For Ofdm Signals, Anand Kumar, Sudhan Majhi, Guan Gui, Hsiao-Chun Wu, Chau Yuen

Faculty Publications

Blind modulation classification (MC) is an integral part of designing an adaptive or intelligent transceiver for future wireless communications. Blind MC has several applications in the adaptive and automated systems of sixth generation (6G) communications to improve spectral efficiency and power efficiency, and reduce latency. It will become a integral part of intelligent software-defined radios (SDR) for future communication. In this paper, we provide various MC techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals in a systematic way. We focus on the most widely used statistical and machine learning (ML) models and emphasize their advantages and limitations. The statistical-based blind …

A Survey Of Blind Modulation Classification Techniques For Ofdm Signals, Anand Kumar, Sudhan Majhi, Guan Gui, Hsiao-Chun Wu, Chau Yuen

Faculty Publications

Blind modulation classification (MC) is an integral part of designing an adaptive or intelligent transceiver for future wireless communications. Blind MC has several applications in the adaptive and automated systems of sixth generation (6G) communications to improve spectral efficiency and power efficiency, and reduce latency. It will become a integral part of intelligent software-defined radios (SDR) for future communication. In this paper, we provide various MC techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals in a systematic way. We focus on the most widely used statistical and machine learning (ML) models and emphasize their advantages and limitations. The statistical-based blind …

College Of Natural Sciences Newsletter, February 2022, College Of Natural Sciences

College of Natural Sciences Newsletters and Reports

Volume 3, Issue 2

Page 1 Dean's Message
Page 2 Awards & Recognition
Page 3-4 Media Coverage of CNS
Page 5- 6 Local Boy Scouts Earn Their Chemistry Merit Badges
Page 7-8 Mount Vernon Teacher Wins 2022 South Dakota Outstanding Physical Science Teacher Award
Page 9 Middle Schoolers Visit SDSU
Page 10 Microbiology Club Tours POET
Page 11 53rd Geography Convention
Page 12 Open PRAIRIE Data

Marginal Proportional Hazards Models For Clustered Interval-Censored Data With Time-Dependent Covariates, Kaitlyn Cook, Wenbin Lu, Rui Wang

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

The Botswana Combination Prevention Project was a cluster-randomized HIV prevention trial whose follow-up period coincided with Botswana’s national adoption of a universal test-and-treat strategy for HIV management. Of interest is whether, and to what extent, this change in policy (i) modified the observed preventative effects of the study intervention and (ii) was associated with a reduction in the population-level incidence of HIV in Botswana. To address these questions, we propose a stratified proportional hazards model for clustered interval-censored data with time-dependent covariates and develop a composite expectation maximization algorithm that facilitates estimation of model parameters without placing parametric assumptions on …

Ordered Weighted Averaging (Owa), Decision Making Under Uncertainty, And Deep Learning: How Is This All Related?, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Among many research areas to which Ron Yager contributed are decision making under uncertainty (in particular, under interval and fuzzy uncertainty) and aggregation -- where he proposed, analyzed, and utilized ordered weighted averaging (OWA). The OWA algorithm itself provides only a specific type of data aggregation. However, it turns out that if we allow several OWA stages, one after another, we obtain a scheme with a universal approximation property -- moreover, a scheme which is perfectly equivalent to modern ReLU-based deep neural networks. In this sense, Ron Yager can be viewed as a (grand)father of ReLU-based deep learning. We also …

Need For Techniques Intermediate Between Interval And Probabilistic Ones, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In high performance computing, when we process a large amount of data, we do not have much information about the dependence between measurement errors corresponding to different inputs. To gauge the uncertainty of the result of data processing, the two usual approaches are: the interval approach, when we consider the worst-case scenario in which all measurement errors are strongly correlated, and the probabilistic approach, when we assume that all these errors are independent. The problem is that usually, the interval approach leads to too pessimistic, too large uncertainty estimates, while the probabilistic approach often underestimates the resulting uncertainty. To get …

Fuzzy Or Neural, Type-1 Or Type-2 -- When Each Is Better: First-Approximation Analysis, Vladik Kreinovich, Olga Kosheleva

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many practical situations, we need to determine the dependence between different quantities based on the empirical data. Several methods exist for solving this problem, including neural techniques and different versions of fuzzy techniques: type-1, type-2, etc. In some cases, some of these techniques work better, in other cases, other methods work better. Usually, practitioners try several techniques and select the one that works best for their problem. This trying often requires a lot of efforts. It would be more efficient if we could have a priori recommendations about which technique is better. In this paper, we use the first-approximation …

Why Ideas First Appear In Informal Form? Why It Is Very Difficult To Know Yourself? Fuzzy-Based Explanation, Miroslav Svitek, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

To a lay person reading about history of physics, it may sound as if the progress of physics comes from geniuses whose inspiration leads them to precise equations that -- almost magically -- explain all the data: this is what Newton did with mechanics, this is what Schroedinger did with quantum physics, this is what Einstein did with gravitation. However, a deeper study of history of physics shows that in all these cases, these geniuses did not start from scratch -- they formalized ideas that first appeared in imprecise ("fuzzy") form. In this paper, we explain -- on the qualitative …