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Articles 35731 - 35760 of 302506

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Critical Dynamics In Biological Boolean Networks Follows From Symmetric Response To Input Genes, Hamza Çoban, Alkan Kabakçioğlu Jan 2022

Critical Dynamics In Biological Boolean Networks Follows From Symmetric Response To Input Genes, Hamza Çoban, Alkan Kabakçioğlu

Turkish Journal of Physics

A recent observation on an extensive collection of biological gene regulatory networks suggests that the regulatory dynamics is tuned to remain close to the order-chaos boundary in the Lyapunov sense [1]. We here investigate, from a mathematical perspective, the structural/functional constraints which give rise to such accumulation around criticality in these systems. While the role of canalizing functions in this respect is well established, we find that critical sensitivity to small input variations also follows from an over-abundance of symmetrical inputs, i.e. regulatory genes invoking identical or complementary responses on their common target. A random network ensemble constructed to have …

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3d Self-Assemble Formation Of Molybdenum Disulfide (Mos2)-Doped Polyacrylamide (Paam) Composite Hydrogels, Sümeyye Durmaz, Ekrem Yildiz, Bengü Özuğur Uysal, Mehmet Önder Pekcan Jan 2022

3d Self-Assemble Formation Of Molybdenum Disulfide (Mos2)-Doped Polyacrylamide (Paam) Composite Hydrogels, Sümeyye Durmaz, Ekrem Yildiz, Bengü Özuğur Uysal, Mehmet Önder Pekcan

Turkish Journal of Physics

Polyacrylamide (PAAm), a renowned member of the hydrogel class, has many uses throughout a wide range of industrial processes, including water absorbed diapers, contact lenses, wastewater treatment, biomedical applications such as drug delivery vehicles and tissue engineering because of its physical stability, durability, flexibility easier shaping, and so on. PAAm also provides new functionalities after the incorporation of inorganic structures such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). During the copolymerization process, the transmittance of all samples reduced significantly after a particular time, referred to as the gel point. Microgels form a tree above the gel point as projected by Flory-Stockmayer …

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Dynamic Multicritical Phase Diagrams Of The Mixed Spin (2, 5/2) Blume-Emery-Griffiths Model With Repulsive Biquadratic Coupling, Mustafa Gençaslan, Mustafa Keski̇n Jan 2022

Dynamic Multicritical Phase Diagrams Of The Mixed Spin (2, 5/2) Blume-Emery-Griffiths Model With Repulsive Biquadratic Coupling, Mustafa Gençaslan, Mustafa Keski̇n

Turkish Journal of Physics

We investigated the dynamic phase transitions (DPTs) in the mixed spin (2, 5/2) Blume-Emery Griffiths model with repulsive biquadratic interaction in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field. We used the path probability method to obtain the set of the dynamic equations. We numerically solved these dynamic equations to characterize the nature of first- and second-order phase transitions and to find the DPT temperatures as well as obtain the phases in the system. We constructed the dynamic phase diagrams (DPDs) in reduced temperature and amplitude of oscillating magnetic field plane. We observed that the DPDs display richer, complex and more …

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Dark Mode Vogue: Do Light-On-Dark Displays Have Measurable Benefits To Users?, Tara Sethi Jan 2022

Dark Mode Vogue: Do Light-On-Dark Displays Have Measurable Benefits To Users?, Tara Sethi

Theses and Dissertations - All Years

In recent years, dark mode displays have become a popular user interface design trend. Major software providers have promised several benefits to using dark mode (negative polarity) displays. However, most of the prior research showed that light more (positive polarity) is more beneficial to human performance. In this work, we investigated the effect of display polarity (negative and positive) on cognitive load, subjective mental effort, subjective task difficulty, and emotion to assess whether the popularity of these displays is related to aesthetic qualities or true physiological benefits. As the dark mode trend has been observed mostly in younger populations, two …

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Studies Of Vector Boson Scattering In The Semileptonic Zv Channel With The Cms Detector At √S = 13 Tev, Ramanpreet Singh Jan 2022

Studies Of Vector Boson Scattering In The Semileptonic Zv Channel With The Cms Detector At √S = 13 Tev, Ramanpreet Singh

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation reports on the search for the vector boson scattering (VBS) in semileptonicZV channel, where the Z boson decays to a pair of leptons (electrons or muons), and the other vector boson V (either W or Z) decays hadronically to a pair of jets, in association of two large pseudorapidity jets i.e. ZVjj → l+l−jjjj, l = e or μ. The search used 137 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with center-of-mass energy (√s) of 13 TeV from 2016 to 2018. VBS is a key process …

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Third-Integer Resonant Extraction Regulation System For Mu2e, Aakaash Narayanan Jan 2022

Third-Integer Resonant Extraction Regulation System For Mu2e, Aakaash Narayanan

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

A third-integer resonant slow extraction system is being developed for Fermilab's Delivery Ring to deliver protons to the upcoming Mu2e experiment. The timescale of the extraction (or spill) duration is 43 milliseconds, which is extremely short and unprecedented. Additionally, the experiment's strict and challenging requirements on the quality of the spill at this time scale has led to the development of a new Spill Regulation System (SRS) design. The SRS primarily consists of three components - slow regulation, fast regulation, and harmonic content suppressor. Contributions to the first two components of the SRS, i.e., Slow Regulation and Fast Regulation subsystems, …

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Assembly Of Quantum Dots Into Porous Architectures: Methods, Mechanisms, And Applications, Karunamuni Lakmini Samantha Silva Jan 2022

Assembly Of Quantum Dots Into Porous Architectures: Methods, Mechanisms, And Applications, Karunamuni Lakmini Samantha Silva

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT ASSEMBLY OF QUANTUM DOTS INTO POROUS ARCHITECTURES: METHODS, MECHANISMS, AND APPLICATIONS by KARUNAMUNI LAKMINI SAMANTHA SILVA May 2022 Advisor: Prof. Stephanie L. Brock Major: Chemistry Degree: Doctor of Philosophy The dissertation research is focused on achieving two main goals: (1) identifying the chemical parameters that govern the oxidative assembly method of semiconductor metal chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) to tune the properties of resultant gel structures of multicomponent systems, and (2) developing new assembly techniques to improve properties associated with their quantum-confined structures. NC assembly plays a key role in determining the performance of solid-state devices and the oxidative assembly method …

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Development Of Terpyridine-Based Metallosurfactants For Directional Electron Tunneling, Samudra Subashini Amunugama Jan 2022

Development Of Terpyridine-Based Metallosurfactants For Directional Electron Tunneling, Samudra Subashini Amunugama

Wayne State University Dissertations

The molecular electronics field is a multidisciplinary area that addresses the utilization of molecules as the basic unit of electronic components. Depending on the characteristics of the molecules, they can function as transistors, wires, switches, and memory cells. This field has attracted significant interest from the scientific community due to the increasing number of issues associated with the miniaturization process of microelectronic devices and the desirability of using molecules in electronic circuits. The research work discussed in this dissertation thesis is focused on the design and development of terpyridine-based metallosurfactant as prospective candidates for molecular electronics. Since rectifiers are pivotal …

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Development Of Carbohydrate-Based Antibiotics And Metabolic Chemical Reporters, Courtney Kondor Jan 2022

Development Of Carbohydrate-Based Antibiotics And Metabolic Chemical Reporters, Courtney Kondor

Wayne State University Dissertations

CHAPTER 1: Multidrug-resistant bacteria is a threat to public health and there is a need for the development of new antibiotics to fight bacterial resistance. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are attractive to researchers due to their lack of known drug related allergies, low cost, and broad spectrum of activity; however, they can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity in patients. We modified the 2-deoxystreptamine ring of paromomycin to make the drug more flexible and potentially more selective for the bacterial ribosomal A-site to circumvent off-target effects that cause ototoxicity. However, we found that our compound, paromomexin, was significantly less active than paromomycin in all …

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Detection Of Epilepsy Using Machine Learning, Balamurugan Murugesan Jan 2022

Detection Of Epilepsy Using Machine Learning, Balamurugan Murugesan

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is typically used in the diagnosis of Epilepsy. Normally, EEGs are reviewed and analyzed by trained neurologists, but this can be time-consuming and error-prone. In this paper, we propose combining multiple classifiers in a multi-level fashion using stacked generalization to develop an effective solution for the detection of epilepsy using EEG data. Different classifiers such as Random Forest (RF), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), and XGBoost (XGB) were tested. The method was evaluated using Children’s Hospital Boston and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT) dataset. The experimental results demonstrated …

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Making Upper-Level Math Accessible To A Younger Audience, Allyson Roller Jan 2022

Making Upper-Level Math Accessible To A Younger Audience, Allyson Roller

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

Symmetry is all around us. It appears on fabrics and on the buildings that surround us. Believe it or not, there is actually quite a bit of math that goes into generating these patterns, which are known as the seven frieze patterns. In my work, I explain how each unique pattern is generated using different types of symmetries. I also created a PDF of a children’s book about frieze patterns to ensure that people of all ages have the opportunity to learn about seemingly complex patterns.

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Lipophilic Probes For Cellular Ethylene Detection, Morgan R. Brown Jan 2022

Lipophilic Probes For Cellular Ethylene Detection, Morgan R. Brown

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The structure of ethylene is simple, yet its biological effects are significant. When considering its role in biology it is almost exclusively regarded as a plant hormone. Research on ethylene from plants was progressed by several advancements in analytical instrumentation, from its discovery to elucidation of its signaling pathway. There is currently limited understanding of ethylene’s role in mammals, but evidence suggests that it may be a biomarker for oxidative stress! Additional tools and technology are crucial to study this surprising and important signaling role in mammals. Our group has developed molecular ethylene probes as a strategy to detect ethylene …

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A Machine Learning Approach To Intended Motion Prediction For Upper Extremity Exoskeletons, Justin Berdell Jan 2022

A Machine Learning Approach To Intended Motion Prediction For Upper Extremity Exoskeletons, Justin Berdell

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

A fully solid-state, software-defined, one-handed, handle-type control device built around a machine-learning (ML) model that provides intuitive and simultaneous control in position and orientation each in a full three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) is proposed in this paper. The device, referred to as the “Smart Handle”, and it is compact, lightweight, and only reliant on low-cost and readily available sensors and materials for construction. Mobility chairs for persons with motor difficulties could make use of a control device that can learn to recognize arbitrary inputs as control commands. Upper-extremity exoskeletons used in occupational settings and rehabilitation require a natural control device like …

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Synthetic, Mechanistic, And Structural Insights Into Defect Mediated Broadband Photoluminescence In Low Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites, Adedayo M. Sanni Jan 2022

Synthetic, Mechanistic, And Structural Insights Into Defect Mediated Broadband Photoluminescence In Low Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites, Adedayo M. Sanni

Wayne State University Dissertations

The research projects in this dissertation focused on understanding the light emission and structure of hybrid organic inorganic hybrid perovskites. There remains a need to develop novel synthetic approaches to synthesize self-assembled hybrid organic-inorganic nanostructures to enable solution processed lighting technologies. Bulk of the approachescurrently employed in making light emitting diodes (LEDs) for lighting applications involves complex fabrication techniques. Hence, we investigated the light emission properties of 2D hybrid organic inorganic lighting materials as potential materials for lighting applications. In Chapter 2, we employed a solvothermal approach to synthesize so called self-assembled quantum wells (SAQWs) that emit narrow light centered …

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Lanthanide Coordination Chemistry In Rare-Earth Element Extraction And Photocatalysis, Jessica Hovey Jan 2022

Lanthanide Coordination Chemistry In Rare-Earth Element Extraction And Photocatalysis, Jessica Hovey

Wayne State University Dissertations

This thesis outlines projects pertaining to the extraction, enrichment, and use of rare-earth elements in the trivalent and divalent states through the modification of coordination chemistry. Modulating the coordination environment can impact the selectivity of rare-earth elements in solid-liquid enrichment through the adjustment of donor atoms, denticity and pKa values as detailed in Chapter 1. Changes in coordination environment, such as to the identity of donor atoms, can lead to major differences in properties such as luminescence. The studies reported in this thesis contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding the use of coordination chemistry for both the solid–liquid extraction …

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Predicting Customer Loyalty In The Mobile Banking Setting: An Integrated Approach, Nhuong Bui, Zach Moore, Hayden Wimmer, Long Pham Jan 2022

Predicting Customer Loyalty In The Mobile Banking Setting: An Integrated Approach, Nhuong Bui, Zach Moore, Hayden Wimmer, Long Pham

Department of Information Technology Faculty Publications

This study uses a novel theoretical approach that combines two multidimensional service quality models that focus on customer satisfaction, perceived value, and customer loyalty as outcomes of service quality in the context of mobile banking. Additionally, the study assesses the potential moderating effects of switching costs between mobile banking service quality and customer loyalty. The study found a strong direct effect between service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. The moderating effect of switching costs was found to be inconsequential to customer loyalty. The study demonstrates that financial institutions should focus on building and maintaining functional, secure mobile banking …

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Regional Perspectives Report Chapter 3: Ontario, Christopher J. Lemieux, Allan G. Douglas, David Pearson Jan 2022

Regional Perspectives Report Chapter 3: Ontario, Christopher J. Lemieux, Allan G. Douglas, David Pearson

Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Biocatalytic Intramolecular C−H Aminations Via Engineered Heme Proteins: Full Reaction Pathways And Axial Ligand Effects, Yang Wei, Melissa Conklin, Yong Zhang Jan 2022

Biocatalytic Intramolecular C−H Aminations Via Engineered Heme Proteins: Full Reaction Pathways And Axial Ligand Effects, Yang Wei, Melissa Conklin, Yong Zhang

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Engineered heme protein biocatalysts provide an efficient and sustainable approach to develop amine-containing compounds through C−H amination. A quantum chemical study to reveal the complete heme catalyzed intramolecular C−H amination pathway and protein axial ligand effect was reported, using reactions of an experimentally used arylsulfonylazide with hemes containing L=none, SH−, MeO−, and MeOH to simulate no axial ligand, negatively charged Cys and Ser ligands, and a neutral ligand for comparison. Nitrene formation was found as the overall rate-determining step (RDS) and the catalyst with Ser ligand has the best reactivity, consistent with experimental reports. Both RDS and non-RDS (nitrene transfer) …

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Spectral Broadening For Pulse Compression Using Liquid Alcohols, Jacob A. Stephen, Chathurangani J. Arachchige, Tj Hammond Jan 2022

Spectral Broadening For Pulse Compression Using Liquid Alcohols, Jacob A. Stephen, Chathurangani J. Arachchige, Tj Hammond

Physics Publications

Although gases, and more recently solids, have been used to create few-cycle pulses, we explore using liquid alcohols for spectral broadening and femtosecond pulse compression. By using a series of 1 cm cuvettes filled with 1-decanol, we have compressed a pulse from 83.6 fs down to 31.3 fs with a spectrum capable of supporting 25 fs pulses without filamentation.We measure the nonlinear index of refraction for various liquids, measuring n2 = (6.8 ± 0.5) × 10−20 m2 W−1 for 1-decanol.We demonstrate liquids to be a compact, simple, versatile, and cost-effective material to obtain broad spectra.

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Measurement Of Dispersion And Index Of Refraction Of 1-Decanol With Spectrally Resolved White Light Interferometry, Nathan G. Drouillard, Tj Hammond Jan 2022

Measurement Of Dispersion And Index Of Refraction Of 1-Decanol With Spectrally Resolved White Light Interferometry, Nathan G. Drouillard, Tj Hammond

Physics Publications

The high density, high nonlinearity, and stability of liquids make them an attractive medium for spectral broadening and supercontinuum generation in ultrafast experiments. To understand ultrashort pulse propagation in these media, their indices of refraction and dispersions must be characterized. We employ a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to generate a series of interferograms, which we refer to as a spectrogram, to develop a new method of using spectrally resolved white light interferometry to determine the refractive indices of materials. We determine the indices of refraction of BK7, sapphire, ethanol, and 1-decanol at 24°C across the visible and near infrared. To our knowledge, …

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A Highly Conductive, Flexible, And 3d-Printable Carbon Nanotube-Elastomer Ink For Additive Bio-Manufacturing, Andy Shar, Phillip Glass, Daeha Joung Ph.D. Jan 2022

A Highly Conductive, Flexible, And 3d-Printable Carbon Nanotube-Elastomer Ink For Additive Bio-Manufacturing, Andy Shar, Phillip Glass, Daeha Joung Ph.D.

Undergraduate Research Posters

The synthesis of a highly conductive, flexible, 3D-printable, and biocompatible ink has been of great interest in the field of bio-based additive manufacturing. Various applications include ultra-sensitive, microscale tactile sensors, patient-customizable scaffolds for cardiac and nerve tissue regeneration, and flexible electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes. Here, a novel elastomeric carbon nanocomposite is presented consisting of amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT-NH2) homogenously dispersed in a one-part room-temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone matrix. The use of acetone as a swelling solvent aids in electrical percolation through the elastomer matrix. CNT-NH2 ratios can be tuned to fit various needs; higher tensile strength is favored …

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Benthic Biofilm Potential For Organic Carbon Accumulation In Salt Marsh Sediments, Kendall Valentine, Abbey Hotard, Tracy Elsey-Quirk, Giulio Mariotti Jan 2022

Benthic Biofilm Potential For Organic Carbon Accumulation In Salt Marsh Sediments, Kendall Valentine, Abbey Hotard, Tracy Elsey-Quirk, Giulio Mariotti

VIMS Articles

Coastal salt marshes are productive environments with high potential for carbon accumulation and storage. Even though organic carbon in salt marsh sediment is typically attributed to plant biomass, it can also be produced by benthic photosynthetic biofilms. These biofilms, generally composed of diatoms and their secretions, are known for their high primary productivity and contribution to the basal food web. The growth of biofilms and the preservation of carbon produced by biofilms depends on the amount of sedimentation; low sedimentation rates will favor decomposition, while high sedimentation rates could decrease biofilm productivity. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to …

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Uncrewed Ocean Gliders And Saildrones Support Hurricane Forecasting And Research, Travis N. Miles, Dongxiao Zhang, Gregory R. Foltz, (...), Donglai Gong, Et Al Jan 2022

Uncrewed Ocean Gliders And Saildrones Support Hurricane Forecasting And Research, Travis N. Miles, Dongxiao Zhang, Gregory R. Foltz, (...), Donglai Gong, Et Al

VIMS Articles

In the United States alone, hurricanes have been responsible for thousands of deaths and over US$1 trillion in damages since 1980 (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/). These impacts are significantly greater globally, particularly in regions with limited hurricane early warning systems and where large portions of the population live at or near sea level. The high socioeconomic impacts of tropical cyclones will increase with a changing climate, rising sea level, and increasing coastal populations. To mitigate these impacts, efforts are underway to improve hurricane track and intensity forecasts, which drive storm surge models and evacuation orders and guide coastal preparations. Hurricane track forecasts have …

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Freshwater Transport In The Scotian Shelf And Its Impacts On The Gulf Of Maine Salinity, Z. Wang, D. Li, H. Xue, A. C. Thomas, Yinglong J. Zhang, F. Chai Jan 2022

Freshwater Transport In The Scotian Shelf And Its Impacts On The Gulf Of Maine Salinity, Z. Wang, D. Li, H. Xue, A. C. Thomas, Yinglong J. Zhang, F. Chai

VIMS Articles

A 3D unstructured-grid ocean circulation model covering the continental shelf and coastal seas around New England is used to investigate freshwater transport (FWT) on the Scotian Shelf (SS) and its impact on the salinity in the Gulf of Maine (GoME). The model was first validated using observed elevation, velocity, temperature, and salinity at multiple locations, demonstrating generally high model skills. Intraseasonal variabilities of freshwater fluxes in 2017 and 2018 were then analyzed across different transects around SS and Browns Bank (BB). These indicated that the flow pattern in SS during 2017 was consistent with previous understanding: low salinity water flows …

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A Geospatial Modeling Approach To Assess Site Suitability Of Living Shorelines And Emphasize Best Shoreline Management Practices, Karinna Nunez, Tamia Rudnicky, Pamela Mason, Christine Tombleson, Marcia Berman Jan 2022

A Geospatial Modeling Approach To Assess Site Suitability Of Living Shorelines And Emphasize Best Shoreline Management Practices, Karinna Nunez, Tamia Rudnicky, Pamela Mason, Christine Tombleson, Marcia Berman

VIMS Articles

The Shoreline Management Model (SMM) is a novel geospatial approach used to assess conditions along a shoreline, and recommend best management practices for defended and undefended shorelines. The SMM models available spatial data in order to identify areas where the use of living shorelines would be suitable to address shoreline erosion. The model was developed to support and inform decision-making by shoreline managers responsible for management of shoreline resources, shorefront property owners, and tidal habitat restoration actions. Recommended erosion control strategies are based on scientific knowledge of how shorelines respond to natural conditions and anthropogenic measures used to stabilize shorelines. …

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Bifurcate Responses Of Tidal Range To Sea-Level Rise In Estuaries With Marsh Evolution, Xun Cai, Qubin Qin, Jian Shen, Yinglong J. Zhang Jan 2022

Bifurcate Responses Of Tidal Range To Sea-Level Rise In Estuaries With Marsh Evolution, Xun Cai, Qubin Qin, Jian Shen, Yinglong J. Zhang

VIMS Articles

The response of tidal range in tidal marshes under sea-level rise (SLR) is essential to the marsh resilience, but how tidal ranges respond to different marsh evolutions remains unclear. Here, we show the existence of bifurcate responses of tidal range to SLR using both numerical model and theoretical analyses. The tidal range tends to increase if marsh accretion keeps pace with SLR; otherwise, the tidal range tends to decrease. As tidal range plays the key role in marsh evolution, the interactions between changing tidal range and marsh evolution lead to positive feedback on marsh resilience. If the marsh accretion can …

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Adcp Observations Of Currents And Suspended Sediment In The Macrotidal Gulf Of Martaban, Myanmar, Courtney K. Harris, Jacob T. Wacht, Matthew J. Fair, Jessica M. Cote Jan 2022

Adcp Observations Of Currents And Suspended Sediment In The Macrotidal Gulf Of Martaban, Myanmar, Courtney K. Harris, Jacob T. Wacht, Matthew J. Fair, Jessica M. Cote

VIMS Articles

The Ayeyarwady and Thanlwin Rivers, which drain Myanmar, together form one of the largest point sources of freshwater and sediment to the global ocean. Combined, these rivers annually deliver an estimated 485 Mt of sediment to the northern Andaman Sea. This sediment contributes to a perennially muddy zone within the macro-tidal Gulf of Martaban, but little is known about the processes that dominate dispersal and trapping of sediment there, as very few water column observations are available. A research cruise in December 2017 provided a rare opportunity to obtain Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data along transects from the Gulf …

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Water Circulation Driven By Cold Fronts In The Wax Lake Delta (Louisiana, Usa), Q. Zhang, C. Li, W. Huang, Et Al Jan 2022

Water Circulation Driven By Cold Fronts In The Wax Lake Delta (Louisiana, Usa), Q. Zhang, C. Li, W. Huang, Et Al

VIMS Articles

: Atmospheric cold fronts can periodically generate storm surges and affect sediment transport in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM). In this paper, we evaluate water circulation spatiotemporal patterns induced by six atmospheric cold front events in the Wax Lake Delta (WLD) in coastal Louisiana using the 3-D hydrodynamic model ECOM-si. Model simulations show that channelized and inter-distributary water flow is significantly impacted by cold fronts. Water volume transport throughout the deltaic channel network is not just constrained to the main channels but also occurs laterally across channels accounting for about a quarter of the total flow. Results show that …

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Measuring Organization Of Large Surficial Clasts In Heterogeneous Gravel Beach Sediments, Dennis C. Lees, Christopher J. Hein, Duncan M. Fitzgerald Jan 2022

Measuring Organization Of Large Surficial Clasts In Heterogeneous Gravel Beach Sediments, Dennis C. Lees, Christopher J. Hein, Duncan M. Fitzgerald

VIMS Articles

The natural stratification and interlocking “organization” of armored sediments in heterogeneous, coarse-grained, beaches provides protection and enhances habitat for borrowing sedentary megafauna and macrofauna such as hard-shelled clams. Here, we develop a novel metric for quantifying sediment organization of large surficial beach clasts through sedimentologic and photogrammetric analyses of 37 lower intertidal heterogeneous gravel beaches in western Prince William Sound, Alaska (USA). Grain size, photogrammetric, and Wolman Pebble Count clast-size data from 64, ~1-m2 study plots are combined into a clast-size-independent “Organization Metric” to quantify the degree of organization in the meshed arrangement of larger surficial sediments. This metric …

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Variability In Marsh Migration Potential Determined By Topographicrather Than Anthropogenic Constraints In The Chesapeake Bay Region, Grace D. Molino, Joel A. Carr, Neil K. Ganju, Matthew L. Kirwan Jan 2022

Variability In Marsh Migration Potential Determined By Topographicrather Than Anthropogenic Constraints In The Chesapeake Bay Region, Grace D. Molino, Joel A. Carr, Neil K. Ganju, Matthew L. Kirwan

VIMS Articles

Sea level rise (SLR) and saltwater intrusion are driving inland shifts in coastal ecosystems. Here, we make high-resolution (1 m) predictions of land conversion under future SLR scenarios in 81 watersheds surrounding Chesapeake Bay, United States, a hotspot for accelerated SLR and saltwater intrusion. We find that 1050–3748 km2 of marsh could be created by 2100, largely at the expense of forested wetlands. Predicted marsh migration exceeds total current tidal marsh area and is about 4x greater than historical observations. Anthropogenic land use in marsh migration areas is concentrated within a few watersheds and minimally impacts calculated metrics of marsh …

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