Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

How To Select Typical Objects, Mariana Benitez, Jeffrey Weidner, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many practical situations, we have a large number of objects, too many to be able to thoroughly analyze each of them. To get a general understanding, we need to select a representative sample. For us, this problem was motivated to analyze the possible effect of an earthquake on buildings in El Paso, Texas. In this paper, we provide a reasonable formalization of this problem, and provide a feasible algorithm for solving thus formalized problem.

Negations Of Probability Distributions: A Survey, Ildar Z. Baryrshin, Nailya I. Kubysheva, Venera R. Bayrasheva, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In recent years many papers have been devoted to the analysis and applications of negations of finite probability distributions (PD), first considered by Ronald Yager. This paper gives a brief overview of some formal results on the definition and properties of negations of PD. Negations of PD are generated by negators of probability values transforming element-by-element PD into a negation of PD. Negators are non-increasing functions of probability values. There are two types of negators: PD-independent and PD-dependent negators. Yager's negator is fundamental in the characterization of linear PD-independent negators as a convex combination of Yager's negator and uniform negator. …

Comparison Of Different Analytical Strategies For Classifying Invasive Wetland Vegetation In Imagery From Unpiloted Aerial Systems (Uas), Louis Will Jochems, Jodi Brandt, Andrew Monks, Megan Cattau, Nicholas Kolarik, Jason Tallant, Shane Lishawa

Human-Environment Systems Research Center Faculty Publications and Presentations

Detecting newly established invasive plants is key to prevent further spread. Traditional field surveys are challenging and often insufficient to identify the presence and extent of invasions. This is particularly true for wetland ecosystems because of difficult access, and because floating and submergent plants may go undetected in the understory of emergent plants. Unpiloted aerial systems (UAS) have the potential to revolutionize how we monitor invasive vegetation in wetlands, but key components of the data collection and analysis workflow have not been defined. In this study, we conducted a rigorous comparison of different methodologies for mapping invasive Emergent (Typha …

Rational Design Of Multifunctional Nanocatalysts For Environmental Remediation And Energy Conversion Technologies, Md Ariful Ahsan

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The discovery of efficient and sustainable carbon-based nanotechnologies to solve both the scarcity of drinking water and global energy crisis has become a paramount task in the last decades. Owed to the fast population growth and industrialization of the modern society, access to potable water and clean energy technologies is becoming very hard around the globe. Water pollutants have become a serious threat to the environment and ecology because of their toxic nature. Parallelly, the current hydrocarbon-based fuel industries are generating high levels of contamination across the planet, making imperative the development of cleaner energy technologies. In this regard, the …

Effects Of Coated/Uncoated Copper-Based Nanoparticles And Compounds On Rice (Oryza Sativa) And Soybean (Glycine Max) Plants, Chaoyi Deng

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Engineering nanoparticles (ENPs) have been widely used in industry due to their promising chemical, physical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and electronic properties. Copper-based ENPs are used as gas sensors, catalysts, semiconductors and agricultural products, among others. Because of their antifungal and antibacterial properties, they are used in agriculture as insecticides, herbicides and antifungal agents. Due to their mass production and use, ENPs are likely to be ubiquitous in our in the environment in the near future. In addition, metal nanoparticles are usually coated with organic compounds to enhance the properties of the nanoparticles. Previous studies have shown that copper-based ENPs can …

Geophysical Studies Of The Characteristics Of Fluvial And Desert Soils In Rio Grande Valley Of West Texas And Southern New Mexico, Aimee V. Garcia

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Agriculture in arid lands, such as in the Rio Grande Valley in west Texas, relies on flood irrigation. However, flood irrigation can cause salt buildup and greenhouse gas emissions associated with pedogenic carbonate precipitation. The ability of irrigation to promote crop growth is influenced by geochemical and hydrological processes controlled, in part, by soil grain size, larger-scale soil structure, and mineralogy. This study investigated soils from 3 regions 1) A pecan orchard in the river valley of Tornillo, TX, with soil derived from fluvial deposits, undergoing flood irrigation every 2 to 3 weeks in spring through fall, 2) The El …

Reconstructing The Transition From Laramide Contraction To Rio Grande Rift Extension, Aaron Conley

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Exposure of tilted Eocene-Oligocene volcanic and sedimentary units unconformably overlying folded and thrusted Mesozoic rocks in the southern Indio Mountains provide an important geologic record of the transition from Laramide contraction to Rio Grande rift extension. Detailed geologic mapping and cross-section reconstruction combined with sedimentary analysis and geo/thermochronologic methods are used to test the hypothesis that Laramide contractional structures and post-Laramide topography focused ignimbrite and sedimentary deposition within two paleovalleys located in the northwest and northeast portions of the study area. Laramide deformation in the study area is confined to Mesozoic units and includes a series of low-angle thrust faults …

Goes-16 Level 2 Land Surface Temperature Product-Filling For Cloud Masked Data, Guadalupe Ortega

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The GOES-16 satellite ground segment team develops different levels of environmental products and makes them readily available to the public. The level 2 Land Surface Temperature (LST) product aims to provide a remote measurement of the Earth’s surface temperature every hour. LST is of fundamental importance to many aspects of the geosciences, for example, to study the Urban Heat Islands (UHI) effect. The product however, does not provide values for pixels where the satellite imager’s view is obstructed by clouds, as determined by a cloud mask intermediate product. The objective of this thesis is to estimate LST in the cloud …

Biofilm Viscoelasticity And Nutrient Source Location Control Biofilm Growth Rate, Migration Rate, And Morphology In Shear Flow, Hoa Nguyen, Abraham Ybarra, H. Başağaoğlu, Orrin Shindell

Mathematics Faculty Research

We present a numerical model to simulate the growth and deformation of a viscoelastic biofilm in shear flow under different nutrient conditions. The mechanical interaction between the biofilm and the fluid is computed using the Immersed Boundary Method with viscoelastic parameters determined a priori from measurements reported in the literature. Biofilm growth occurs at the biofilm-fluid interface by a stochastic rule that depends on the local nutrient concentration. We compare the growth, migration, and morphology of viscoelastic biofilms with a common relaxation time of 18 min over the range of elastic moduli 10–1000 Pa in different nearby nutrient source configurations. …

Winect: 3d Human Pose Tracking For Free-Form Activity Using Commodity Wifi, Y. Ren, Z. Wang, Sheng Tan, Y. Chen, J. Yang

Computer Science Faculty Research

WiFi human sensing has become increasingly attractive in enabling emerging human-computer interaction applications. The corresponding technique has gradually evolved from the classification of multiple activity types to more fine-grained tracking of 3D human poses. However, existing WiFi-based 3D human pose tracking is limited to a set of predefined activities. In this work, we present Winect, a 3D human pose tracking system for free-form activity using commodity WiFi devices. Our system tracks free-form activity by estimating a 3D skeleton pose that consists of a set of joints of the human body. In particular, we combine signal separation and joint movement modeling …

Activation Of Prp28 Atpase By Phosphorylated Npl3 At A Critical Step Of Spliceosome Remodeling, F.-L. Yeh, S.-L. Chang, G. R. Ahmed, H.-I. Liu, L. Tung, C.-S. Yeh, L. S. Lanier, Corina Maeder, C.-M. Lin, S.-C. Tsai, W.-Y. Hsiao, W.-H. Chang, T.-H. Chang

Chemistry Faculty Research

Splicing, a key step in the eukaryotic gene-expression pathway, converts precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) into mRNA by excising introns and ligating exons. This task is accomplished by the spliceosome, a macromolecular machine that must undergo sequential conformational changes to establish its active site. Each of these major changes requires a dedicated DExD/H-box ATPase, but how these enzymes are activated remain obscure. Here we show that Prp28, a yeast DEAD-box ATPase, transiently interacts with the conserved 5' splice-site (5'SS) GU dinucleotide and makes splicing-dependent contacts with the U1 snRNP protein U1C, and U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP proteins, Prp8, Brr2, and Snu114. We further …

Functional Singular Spectrum Analysis, Hossein Haghbin, Seyed Morteza Najibi, Rahim Mahmoudvand, Jordan Trinka, Mehdi Maadooliat

Mathematical and Statistical Science Faculty Research and Publications

In this paper, we develop a new extension of the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) called functional SSA to analyze functional time series. The new methodology is constructed by integrating ideas from functional data analysis and univariate SSA. Specifically, we introduce a trajectory operator in the functional world, which is equivalent to the trajectory matrix in the regular SSA. In the regular SSA, one needs to obtain the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the trajectory matrix to decompose a given time series. Since there is no procedure to extract the functional SVD (fSVD) of the trajectory operator, we introduce a computationally …

Identification Of Natural Dyes In Ancient Peruvian Mummy Cloths Using Lc/Ms/Ms, Shailah Mathews, Joshua Sebree Ph.D.

Fall 2021 - Chemical Analysis Class Projects

A poster presenting the processes used and the results of analyzing the natural dyes used on cloth from Peruvian mummies.

Detecting Oceanic Salt In Peruvian Mummy Cloths Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Alexis Wirtz, Joshua Sebree Ph.D.

Fall 2021 - Chemical Analysis Class Projects

A poster presenting the processes and the results of analyzing cloth from Peruvian mummies for the presence of ocean salts.

Software Training In Hep, Sudhir Malik, Samuel Meehan, Kilian Lieret, Meirin Oan Evans, Michel H. Villanueva, Daniel S. Katz, Graeme A. Stewart, Peter Elmer, Sizar Aziz, Matthew Bellis, Riccardo Maria Bianchi, Gianluca Bianco, Johan Sebastian Bonilla, Angela Burger, Jackson Burzynski, David Chamont, Matthew Feickert, Philipp Gadow, Bernhard Manfred Gruber

Faculty and Student Publications

The long-term sustainability of the high-energy physics (HEP) research software ecosystem is essential to the field. With new facilities and upgrades coming online throughout the 2020s, this will only become increasingly important. Meeting the sustainability challenge requires a workforce with a combination of HEP domain knowledge and advanced software skills. The required software skills fall into three broad groups. The first is fundamental and generic software engineering (e.g., Unix, version control, C++, and continuous integration). The second is knowledge of domain-specific HEP packages and practices (e.g., the ROOT data format and analysis framework). The third is more advanced knowledge involving …

Equivalence: A Covariantly Constant Problem In General Relativity, Jaren Hobbs

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

In studying the space-time structures described by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, it is often useful to identify particular properties referred to as geometrical invariants. These are attributes of the space-times which do not change regardless of the underlying coordinate systems used to study them. This project is part of a larger effort to catalogue space-times studied in general relativity. Specifically, computational software was used to identify structures known as covariantly constant vector fields.

Models Versus Datasets: Reducing Bias Through Building A Comprehensive Ids Benchmark, Rasheed Ahmad, Izzat Alsmadi, Wasim Alhamdani, Lo'ai A. Tawalbeh

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Today, deep learning approaches are widely used to build Intrusion Detection Systems for securing IoT environments. However, the models’ hidden and complex nature raises various concerns, such as trusting the model output and understanding why the model made certain decisions. Researchers generally publish their proposed model’s settings and performance results based on a specific dataset and a classification model but do not report the proposed model’s output and findings. Similarly, many researchers suggest an IDS solution by focusing only on a single benchmark dataset and classifier. Such solutions are prone to generating inaccurate and biased results. This paper overcomes these …

Transport And Fate Of Phosphorus In The Nearshore Zone Of Lake Michigan, Nathan Van Ee

Theses and Dissertations

Bioavailable phosphorus loads exported to Lake Michigan from the Milwaukee and Sheboygan River Watersheds appear to have increased in the last 40 years despite meeting total phosphorus (TP) loading goals set by the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA).Overall, bioavailability of P delivered from the Milwaukee and Sheboygan Rivers was highest during the warmer months, which coincides with the nearshore nuisance algae growth season. However, first order loss rates of SRP calculated during baseflow recession were also greatest during the summer, suggesting that increased river residence time during the summer could reduce export of bioavailable P. Observations of phosphorus partitioning …

Sorption Of 2-Naphthalene Sulfonate To Organic Carbon In Natural Saturated Porous Media, Jiyan Hatami

Theses and Dissertations

Organic carbon (OC) in aquifer sediments serves as a key geochemical control on contaminant fate and transport, potentially immobilizing or delaying mass transport downgradient. Quantifying the abundance of OC in aquifer sediments is therefore imperative in developing a conceptual understanding of local contaminant transport. Traditional methods involve time-intensive coring and lab analyses for total OC (TOC) at distinct intervals with depth. These methods fail to account for the heterogeneity between discrete points and do not interrogate TOC along groundwater flow pathways. 2-naphthalene sulfonate (2-NS), a novel groundwater tracer, was investigated here as a possible sorptive tracer for estimating the relative …

Production Of Protactinium-229 Via Deuteron Irradiation Of Thorium-232, Naser Burahmah

Doctoral Dissertations

²²⁵Ac [Actinium-225] is a promising radionuclide for targeted alpha therapy of cancer. ²²⁹Pa can lead to the production of ²²⁹Th [Thorium-229] and ²²⁵Ac [Actinium-225]. Deuteron bombardment on natural thorium targets has been investigated to measure cross sections of protactinium isotopes. In this work, ²²⁹Pa [Protactinium-229] excitation function was measured via deuteron energies up to 50 MeV [Mega electron volt] of thin thorium foils. The irradiation took place at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s (LBNL) 88-Inch Cyclotron. The target processing and analysis were performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The target consisted of 4 thin foils …

Production And Adsorption Of Volatile Tellurium Hexafluoride, Stephanie H. Bruffey

Doctoral Dissertations

Research and development supporting the management of off-gases from nuclear fuel reprocessing has historically been focused on the off-gas streams that arise from aqueous reprocessing technology. With the advent of advanced reactor designs off-gas streams arising from advanced reprocessing methodology, such as that of FV [fluoride volatility] processing, also merit consideration. This work focuses on TeF₆ [tellurium hexafluoride], one of the most volatile radioactive compounds produced during FV, and investigates TeF₆ production, measurement, and abatement technologies.

To assist in on-line monitoring of TeF₆ by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, this work systematically used the ideal gas law and Beer’s …

Analytical Considerations And Methods For Comprehensive Analysis Of Bacterial Phospholipidomics Using Hilic-Ms/Ms, David Thomas Reeves

Doctoral Dissertations

Omics technologies have rapidly evolved over the last half century through vast improvements in efficient extraction methodologies, advances in instrumentation for data collection, and a wide assortment of informatics tools to help deconvolute sample data sets. However, there are still untapped pools of molecules that warrant further analytical attention. As the frontline defense of the cell against exterior influences, the phospholipid membrane is key in structure, defense, and signaling, but current omics studies are only just now catching up to the potential hidden within cellular lipid profiles. Examination of shifts in phospholipid speciation and character could provide researchers with a …

Perceptions Of High Achieving High School Students Regarding The Professionalization Of Teaching And Their Interest In Becoming Teachers, Jonathan Crossley

ATU Theses and Dissertations 2021 - Present

This study was designed to highlight the factors that contribute to high-achieving high school students not deciding to join the teaching profession. There is growing evidence to indicate that the teaching profession is comprised mostly of educators in their first five years in the profession and educators with more than 25 years of teaching experience. Increasing numbers of educators are leaving the profession within their first five years in a classroom. On the other end of the spectrum, as teachers with more than 25 years of experience ultimately retire, the question remains about the viability of the profession for younger …

(R1504) Second-Order Modified Nonstandard Runge-Kutta And Theta Methods For One-Dimensional Autonomous Differential Equations, Madhu Gupta, John M. Slezak, Fawaz K. Alalhareth, Souvik Roy, Hristo V. Kojouharov

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Nonstandard finite difference methods (NSFD) are used in physical sciences to approximate solutions of ordinary differential equations whose analytical solution cannot be computed. Traditional NSFD methods are elementary stable but usually only have first order accuracy. In this paper, we introduce two new classes of numerical methods that are of second order accuracy and elementary stable. The methods are modified versions of the nonstandard two-stage explicit Runge-Kutta methods and the nonstandard one-stage theta methods with a specific form of the nonstandard denominator function. Theoretical analysis of the stability and accuracy of both modified NSFD methods is presented. Numerical simulations that …

(R1480) Heat Transfer In Peristaltic Motion Of Rabinowitsch Fluid In A Channel With Permeable Wall, Mahadev M. Channakote, Dilipkumar V. Kalse

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

This paper is intended to investigate the effect of heat transfer on the peristaltic flow of Rabinowitsch fluid in a channel lined with a porous material. The Navier -Stokes equation governs the channel's flow, and Darcy's law describes the permeable boundary. The Rabinowitsch fluid model's governing equations are solved by utilizing approximations of the long-wavelength and small number of Reynolds. The expressions for axial velocity, temperature distribution, pressure gradient, friction force, stream function are obtained. The influence on velocity, pressure gradient, friction force, and temperature on pumping action of different physical parameters is explored via graphs.

(R1519) On Some Geometric Properties Of Non-Null Curves Via Its Position Vectors In \Mathbb{R}_1^3, Emad Solouma, Ibrahim Al-Dayel

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this work, the geometric properties of non-null curves lying completely on spacelike surface via its position vectors in the dimensional Minkowski 3-space \mathbb{R}_1^3 are studied. Also, we give a few portrayals for the spacelike curves which lie on certain subspaces of \mathbb{R}_1^3. Finally, we present an application to demonstrate our insights.

(R1887) Inferring Trends Of Point Processes From Non-Iid Samples, Bruno Appolloni

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

We discuss unprecedented, albeit rudimentary, tools to infer the evolution of a point process where the available samples are both truncated and non independently drawn. To achieve this goal, we lay in an intermediate domain between probability models and fuzzy sets, still maintaining probabilistic features of the employed statistics as the reference KPI of the tools. The overall strategy is to frame the problem within the Algorithmic Inference framework and use a sort of kernel trick to distort the seeds of the observed variable so as to render them an iid sample of a random variable in a proper feature …

(R1497) On The Invariant Subspaces Of The Fractional Integral Operator, Mehmet Gürdal, Anar Adiloglu Nabiev, Meral Ayyıldız

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In operator theory, there is an important problem called the invariant subspace problem. This important problem of mathematics has been clear for more than half a century. However the solution seems to be nowhere in sight. With this motivation, we investigate the invariant subspaces of the fractional integral operator in the Banach space with certain conditions in this paper. Also by using the Duhamel product method, unicellularity of the fractional integral operator on some space is obtained and the description of the invariant subspaces is given.

(R1493) Discussion On Stability And Hopf-Bifurcation Of An Infected Prey Under Refuge And Predator, Moulipriya Sarkar, Tapasi Das

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The paper deals with the case of non-selective predation in a partially infected prey-predator system, where both the susceptible prey and predator follow the law of logistic growth and some preys avoid predation by hiding. The disease-free preys get infected in due course of time by a certain rate. However, the carrying capacity of the predator population is considered proportional to the sum-total of the susceptible and infected prey. The positivity and boundedness of the solutions of the system are studied and the existence of the equilibrium points and stability of the system are analyzed at these points. The effect …

(R1468) Global Analysis Of An Seirs Model For Covid-19 Capturing Saturated Incidence With Treatment Response, David A. Oluyori, Helen O. Adebayo, Ángel G.C. Pérez

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this work, a new SEIRS model with saturated incidence rate and piecewise linear treatment response is proposed to describe the dynamics of COVID-19. It is assumed that the treatment response is proportional to the number of infected people as long as the incidence cases are within the capacity of the healthcare system, after which the value becomes constant, when the number of confirmed cases exceeds the carrying capacity of the available medical facilities. Thus, the basic reproduction number of the model is obtained. It is proved that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number …