Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Assessment Of Temperature Change In Mukalla City In Hadhramaut Governorate And Its Impact On The Environment, Jamal Abu Bakr Abbad, Fahad Hussein Alsomahi, Nabeela Obeid Baharah, Fatima Saleh Alsaeedi

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

This research is based on the inventory of data and information on daily and monthly temperatures from 2000 to 2017, where we analyzed the data obtained from NASA about the city of Mukalla for the specified period of time. Using equations, the average daily temperature was calculated from the daily temperature data multiple times equivalent to eight times a day. Monthly and annual averages were calculated using statistical methods. The results clearly show the extent of the change in the temperature rate during the study period. It is noted that there was an increase in the rate of temperature change …

Improving Accurate Candidates For Missing Data Using Benefit Performance Of (Ml-Som), Abeer Abdullah Al-Mohdar, Mohamed Abdullah Bamatraf

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

Missing data is one of the major challenges in extracting and analyzing knowledge from datasets. The performance of training quality was affected by the appearance of missing data in a dataset. For this reason, there is a need for a quick and reliable method to find possible solutions in order to provide an accurate system. Therefore, the previous studies provided robust ability of Self Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm to deal with the missing values [6, 20]. However, it has a drawback such as an error rate(ERR) in the missing values that increase huge dataset. This study is mainly based on …

Kinetic, Equilibrium And Application Studies For Removal Of Methylene Blue From Aqueous Solution Using Sesbenia Dates Activated Carbon, Mohammed Saleh Bashanaini, Gameel Ahmed Baghaffar, Waheeb Abdellah Bin Frejan

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

In the present work, sesbenia dates as local agricultural waste has been successfully used for the preparation of activated carbon (AC) by sulphuric acid. This sulphuric acid based activated carbon (SD) and (MSACS) were used for the removal of one cationic dye viz., methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The structure and physical and chemical properties of (SD) and (MSACS) are investigated using (FTIR) and (SEM) analysis and pH surface and Boehm titration. The effect of the differential experimental parameters controlling the adsorption of dye onto (SD) and (MSACS), were thoroughly investigated, such as the effect of pH, initial dye …

On 𝜃- -Closed Sets And 𝜃- -Continuous Functlons, Amin Hamoud Saif, Nahid Mohammed Al-Showhati

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

In topological spaces, the class of 𝜃-closed sets and 𝜃-continuous function have been introduced by Velicko and Fomin respectively. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study these notions in grill topological spaces by giving the new classes of 𝜃- -closed sets and 𝜃- -continuous functions in grill topological space.

Electro-Organic Synthesis Of Schiff-Bases And Azo-Schiff Bases By Electrochemical Reduction Of The Nitro Group Group In Different Media, Siba Naseef, Deep Bakair, Rushdi Mador

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

In this research synthesized amino is derivative of Schiff-bases by using electrolysis cell. Electrochemical reduction of para-nitroaniline and electrocatalysed condensation have been carried out at zinc electrode and anode from coal in the presence of potassium chloride as supporting electrolyte in water/methanol solution, and in the application of 20V voltage, where interaction is in two stages: the first stage involves the electrochemical reduction of nitro group and get the amino and the second phase also, azo Schiff was synthesized between para-nitroaniline and metoxybenzealdehyde by electrolysis method, which was supplied with a zinc electrode as cathode to perform electrochemical reduction in …

Splitting-Up Technique And Cubic Spline Approximations For Solving Modified Coupled Burgers' Equations, Anwar Abdulla Bassaif

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

In this paper, a finite difference scheme based on the splitting-up technique and cubic spline approximations is developed for solving modified coupled Burgers' equations. The accuracy and stability of the scheme have been analyzed. It is found that the scheme is of first-order accuracy in time and second-order accuracy in space direction and is unconditionally stable. The numerical results are obtained with severe/moderate gradients in the initial and boundary conditions and the steady state solutions are plotted for different values of given parameters. It is concluded that the resulting scheme produces satisfactory results, even in the case of very severe …

Comparing The Popularity Of Testing Careers Among Canadian, Indian, Chinese, And Malaysian Students, Luiz Fernando Capretz, Pradeep Waychal, Jingdong Jia, Shuib Basri

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

This study attempts to understand motivators and de-motivators that influence the decisions of software students to take up and sustain software testing careers across four different countries, Canada, India, China, and Malaysia. Towards that end, we have developed a cross-sectional, but simple, survey-based instrument. In this study we investigated how software engineering and computer science students perceive and value what they do and their environmental settings. This study found that very few students are keen to take up software testing careers - why is this happening with such an important task in the software life cycle? The common advantages of …

A Calorimetric, Volumetric And Combined Sans And Saxs Study Of Hybrid Siloxane Phosphocholine Bilayers, Mark B. Frampton, Doruntina Yakoub, John Katsaras, Paul M. Zelisko, Drew Marquardt

Chemistry and Biochemistry Publications

Siloxanes are molecules used extensively in commercial, industrial, and biomedical applications. The inclusion of short siloxane chains into phospholipids results in interesting physical properties, including the ability to form low polydispersity unilamellar vesicles. As such, hybrid siloxane phosphocholines (SiPCs) have been examined as a potential platform for the delivery of therapeutic agents. Using small angle X-ray and neutron scattering, vibrating tube densitometry, and differential scanning calorimetry, we studied four hybrid SiPCs bilayers. Lipid volume measurements for the different SiPCs compared well with those previously determined for polyunsaturated PCs. Furthermore, the different SiPC's membrane thicknesses increased monotonically with temperature and, for …

Assessing Deep Convection Initiation In A Mountain-Valley System Using Unoccupied Aircraft System Observations, Alexander Erwin

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Forecasts of the timing and location of deep convection are inadequate, as are scientists’ understanding of the dominant controlling mechanisms. The Lower Atmosphere Process Studies at Elevation, a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) field campaign, which took place in the San Luis Valley (SLV) of Colorado during July 2018, aimed to use in-situ observations to develop a deeper understanding of the processes relevant to deep convection initiation (DCI). The campaign resulted in a unique dataset, collected by a network of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) in a unique geographic setting, which can be used to examine the impact of terrain and …

Developing An International Framework For Addressing Non-State Actors In Cyberspace, Joanna C. Di Scipio

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

On May 7, 2021, Colonial Pipeline shut down its operations following a ransomware attack by the criminal group DarkSide (Bordoff, 2021). It took five days to resume normal operations, but this short period led to panic buying, rising prices, and significant gas shortages. The attack underscores an emerging threat in the landscape of cybersecurity: critical infrastructure attacks carried out by non-state actors.

Search Full Text Options Here 1 Of 1 Constraints From Ligo O3 Data On Gravitational-Wave Emission Due To R-Modes In The Glitching Pulsar Psr J0537-6910, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott

Faculty Publications

We present a search for continuous gravitational-wave emission due to r-modes in the pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration observing run O3. PSR J0537-6910 is a young energetic X-ray pulsar and is the most frequent glitcher known. The inter-glitch braking index of the pulsar suggests that gravitational-wave emission due to r-mode oscillations may play an important role in the spin evolution of this pulsar. Theoretical models confirm this possibility and predict emission at a level that can be probed by ground-based detectors. In order to explore this scenario, we search for r-mode emission in the epochs between …

On The Relationship Between Pain Variability And Relief In Randomized Clinical Trials, Siddharth Tiwari '22

Student Publications & Research

Previous research suggests greater baseline variability is associated with greater pain relief in those who receive a placebo. However, studies that evidence this association do not control for confounding effects (natural history and regression-to-the-mean); for this reason, we analyzed data from two randomized clinical trials (Placebo I and Placebo II, N = 134) while adjusting for confounding effects via a no-treatment group. Results agree between the two placebo groups: both placebo groups showed a negligible correlation between baseline variability and adjusted response (r sp (CI 95% ) = 0.13 (−0.09, 0.37) and 0.01 (−0.15, 0.20) for Placebo I and II, …

Fragment-Based Drug Discovery Of Sars-Cov-2 Therapeutics, Hannah Johnson '22

Student Publications & Research

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the usual drug development timeline has been substantially condensed. This shortened timeline aims to allow for a safe and effective therapy to be discovered as soon as possible as the number of global COVID cases rise. Moreover, the COVID Moonshot open-sourced initiative has allowed the development of a COVID antiviral to accelerate. After the published fragment screening on the main protease (MPro) of SARS-CoV2 yielded 66 fragment hits, a fragment (x0434) was selected to build novel compounds. SeeSAR was used to gather preliminary knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biomolecular targeted protein and selected fragment …

On The Relationship Between Pain Variability And Relief In Randomized Clinical Trials, Siddharth Tiwari '22

Student Publications & Research

Previous research suggests greater baseline variability is associated with greater pain relief in those who receive a placebo. However, studies that evidence this association do not control for confounding effects (natural history and regression-to-the-mean); for this reason, we analyzed data from two randomized clinical trials (Placebo I and Placebo II, N = 134) while adjusting for confounding effects via a no-treatment group. Results agree between the two placebo groups: both placebo groups showed a negligible correlation between baseline variability and adjusted response (r sp (CI 95% ) = 0.13 (−0.09, 0.37) and 0.01 (−0.15, 0.20) for Placebo I and II, …

The Primarily Undergraduate Nanomaterials Cooperative: A New Model For Supporting Collaborative Research At Small Institutions On A National Scale, Steven M. Huges, Mark P. Hendricks, Katherine M. Mullaugh, Mary E. Anderson, Anne K. Bently, Justin G. Clar, Clyde A. Daly Jr., Mark D. Ellison, Z. Vivian Feng, Natalia I. Gonzalex-Pech, Leslie S. Hamachi, Christine L. Heinecke, Joseph D. Keene, Adam M. Maley, Andrea M. Munro, Peter N. Njoki, Jacob H. Olshansky, Katherine E. Plass, Kathryn R. Riley, Matthew D. Sonntag, Sarah K. St. Angelo, Lucas B. Thompson, Emily J. Tollefson, Lauren E. Toote, Korin E. Wheeler

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The Primarily Undergraduate Nanomaterials Cooperative (PUNC) is an organization for research-active faculty studying nanomaterials at Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), where undergraduate teaching and research go hand-in-hand. In this perspective, we outline the differences in maintaining an active research group at a PUI compared to an R1 institution. We also discuss the work of PUNC, which focuses on community building, instrument sharing, and facilitating new collaborations. Currently consisting of 37 members from across the United States, PUNC has created an online community consisting of its Web site (nanocooperative.org), a weekly online summer group meeting program for faculty and students, …

Homflypt Skein Theory, String Topology And 2-Categories, Uwe Kaiser

Mathematics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We show that relations in Homflypt type skein theory of an oriented 3-manifold M are induced from a 2-groupoid defined from the fundamental 2-groupoid of a space of singular links M. The module relations are defined by homomorphisms related to string topology. They appear from a representation of the groupoid into free modules on a set of model objects. The construction on the fundamental 2-groupoid is defined by the singularity stratification and relates Vassiliev and skein theory. Several explicit properties are discussed, and some implications for skein modules are derived.

Salient Experiences In Student Development: Impact Of An Undergraduate Stem Teacher Preparation Program, Amie S. Sommers, Kelly Gomez Johnson, Paula Jakopovic, Julio Rivera, Neal Grandgenett, John A. Conrad, William E. Tapprich, Christine E. Cutucache

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The need for a comprehensive, high-quality pipeline for the development of undergraduate pre-service teachers, especially those that represent a diverse student body, within STEM disciplines is acute. Here, we studied the NoyceSCIENCE program to determine the most impactful experiences offered to undergraduates through the lens of student development theory. We used qualitative coding to analyze data collected from journals (n = 29) written by students of varying backgrounds, and at varying levels within the program (i.e., the Scholar and Intern level) over a 3-year program running period. We observed that faculty mentorship, the ability of undergraduates to mentor others, volunteer …

Monitoring Agroecosystem Productivity And Phenology At A National Scale: A Metric Assessment Framework, Dawn M. Browning, Eric S. Russell, Guillermo E. Ponce-Campos, Nicole Kaplan, Andrew D. Richardson, Bijan Seyednasrollah, Sheri Spiegal, Nicanor Saliendra, Joseph G. Alfieri, John Baker, Carl Bernacchi, Brandon T. Bestelmeyer, David Bosch, Elizabeth H. Boughton, Raoul K. Boughton, Pat Clark, Gerald Flerchinger, Nuria Gomez-Casanovas, Sarah Goslee, Nick M. Haddad, David Hoover, Abdullah Jaradat, Marguerite Mauritz, Gregory W. Mccarty, Gretchen R. Miller, John Sadler, Amartya Saha, Russell L. Scott, Andrew Suyker, Craig Tweedie, Jeffrey D. Wood, Xukai Zhang, Shawn D. Taylor

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Effective measurement of seasonal variations in the timing and amount of production is critical to managing spatially heterogeneous agroecosystems in a changing climate. Although numerous technologies for such measurements are available, their relationships to one another at a continental extent are unknown. Using data collected from across the Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network and other networks, we investigated correlations among key metrics representing primary production, phenology, and carbon fluxes in croplands, grazing lands, and crop-grazing integrated systems across the continental U.S. Metrics we examined included gross primary productivity (GPP) estimated from eddy covariance (EC) towers and modelled from the Landsat …

Computational Simulation Of The Lung Doses Of Air-Borne Fine And Ultrafine Particles Inhaled By Humans At Industrial Workplaces, Mohammed Ali

Technology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study correlates computational predictions with in-vivo experimental results of inhaled fine and ultrafine particulate matters (PMs) transport, dissemination, and deposition in the human respiratory airways. Epidemiological studies suggest that workplace exposure of anthropogenic pollutant PMs as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to acute broncho-pulmonary infections. However, investigations on detailed human inhalation and PM transport processes are restrictive from time, cost, and ethical perspectives. To overcome this problem, computational simulation of particle deposition based on the Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model was employed. Here, the physical, mechanical, and electrical properties of PMs of carbon black and nanoparticles from …

New Methods For Assessing The Sustainability Of Wood-Burning Energy Facilities, Sarah Mittlefehldt, Erin Bunting, Emily Huff, Joseph Welsh, Robert Goodwin

Journal Articles

Methods to assess wood-based bioenergy projects have tended to focus on technological and physical constraints. Less is known about how longer-term environmental, economic, and social systems—the three pillars of sustainable development—have influenced technological development in the context of woody biomass energy. This research offers new methods for assessing the sustainability of wood-based energy projects by combining spatial analysis, semi-structured interviews, and archival data analysis. By integrating quantitative and qualitative methods, this project offers ways to understand how social and environmental dynamics from the past shape technological development in the future. A propensity analysis of biomass energy plants in Michigan, USA …

Analysis Of The Photodegradation Of The Pro-Herbicide Benzobicyclon Hydrolysate Using A Seawater Gradient And Constituent Ions, Margaret A. Knight

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

College Of Natural Sciences Newsletter, November 2021, College Of Natural Sciences

College of Natural Sciences Newsletters and Reports

Volume 2, Issue 11

Page 1 Dean's Message
Page 2 Awards & Recognition
Page 3 Media Coverage of CNS
Page 4 2021 Day of Scholars
Page 5 Astronomy Outreach
Page 6 SDSU Faculty & Students Host American Society for Microbiology Annual Conference
Page 7 Scholarship Brunch
Page 8 Open PRAIRIE Data, SI Final Exam Review Sessions
Page 9 Aamlid Family Anatomy Lab Photos

Under Pressure: A Case Study Of The Effects Of External Pressure On Mlb Players Using Twitter Sentiment Analysis, Jonathan Huntley

Honors Projects in Mathematics

Performance under pressure and psychological momentum are well-documented topics in sports psychology, but most research focuses on “in-game” pressure. This study views pressure more broadly to examine how the external pressure of fans, quantified using the sentiment of tweets mentioning the players, can affect how MLB players perform. Although external pressure is intangible, it can impact a player’s psyche and performance. This investigation focuses on players Chris Sale and David Price. A new process was developed leveraging the Vader package in Python that can generate tweet sentiment to compare to several performance metrics from Baseball Reference. Results proved to be …

How Multi-View Techniques Can Help In Processing Uncertainty, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Multi-view techniques help us reconstruct a 3-D object and its properties from its 2-D (or even 1-D) projections. It turns out that similar techniques can be used in processing uncertainty -- where many problems can reduced to a similar task of reconstructing properties of a multi-D object from its 1-D projections. In this chapter, we provide an overview of these techniques.

Why Moments (And Generalized Moments) Are Used In Statistics And Why Expected Utility Is Used In Decision Making: A Possible Explanation, R. Noah Padilla, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Among the most efficient characteristics of a probability distribution are its moments and, more generally, generalized moments. One of the most adequate numerical characteristics describing human behavior is expected utility. In both cases, the corresponding characteristic is the sum of results of applying appropriate nonlinear functions applied to individual inputs. In this paper, we provide a possible theoretical explanation of why such functions are efficient.

Different Concepts, Similar Computational Complexity: Nguyen's Results About Fuzzy And Interval Computations 35 Years Later, Hung T. Nguyen, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

When we know for sure which values are possible and which are not, we have crisp uncertainty -- of which interval uncertainty is a usual case. In practice, we are often not 100% sure about our knowledge, i.e., we have fuzzy uncertainty -- i.e., we have fuzzy knowledge, of which crisp is a particular case. Usually, general problems are more difficult to solve that most of their particular cases. It was therefore expected that processing fuzzy data is, in general, more computationally difficult than processing interval data -- and indeed, Zadeh's extension principle -- a natural formula for fuzzy computations …

Fault Detection In A Smart Electric Grid: Geometric Analysis, Hector Reyes, Dillon Trinh, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

The main idea behind a smart grid is to equip the grid with a dense lattice of sensors monitoring the state of the grid. If there is a fault, the sensors closer to the fault will detect larger deviations from the normal readings that sensors that are farther away. In this paper, we show that this fact can be used to locate the fault with high accuracy.

Why Geological Regions?, Daniela Flores, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In most practical applications, we approximate the spatial dependence by smooth functions. The main exception is geosciences, where, to describe, e.g., how the density depends on depth and/or on spatial location, geophysicists divide the area into regions on each of which the corresponding quantity is approximately constant. In this paper, we provide a possible explanation for this difference.

Why Ovals In Eliciting Intervals?, Joshua Zamora, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

To elicit people's opinions, we usually ask them to mark their degree of satisfaction on a scale -- e.g., from 0 to 5 or from 0 to 10. Often, people are unsure about the exact degree: 7 or 8? To cover such situations, it is desirable to elicit not a single value but an interval of possible values. However, it turns out that most people are not comfortable with marking an interval. Empirically, it turned out that the best way to elicit an interval is to ask them to draw an oval whose intersection with the 0-to-10 line is the …

Why People Overestimate Small Probabilities?, David Amparan, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

It is a known empirical fact that people overestimate small probabilities. This fact seems to be inconsistent with the fact that we humans are the product of billions years of improving evolution -- and that we therefore perceive the world as accurately as possible. In this paper, we provide a possible explanation for this seeming contradiction.