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Articles 43561 - 43590 of 304313

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Singlet Fission In Acene Blends, Katharina Broch, Clemens Zeiser, Chad Cruz, Luca Moretti, Margherita Maiuri, Eric Chronister, David Reichman, Roel Tempelaar, Giulio Cerullo, Christopher Bardeen Aug 2021

Singlet Fission In Acene Blends, Katharina Broch, Clemens Zeiser, Chad Cruz, Luca Moretti, Margherita Maiuri, Eric Chronister, David Reichman, Roel Tempelaar, Giulio Cerullo, Christopher Bardeen

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Singlet fission (SF), the photophysical process converting an excited singlet exciton into two triplet excitons, is a promising approach to boost solar cell efficiencies. It is controlled by various parameters such as intermolecular interactions, energetics, entropy and vibronic coupling and a controlled modification of these parameters is key to a fundamental understanding. Blends of organic semiconductors present an interesting alternative to established methods of chemical functionalization and their potential for the study of SF pathways will be discussed using acene blends as example. Mixed thin films of SF chromophores and weakly interacting, high-bandgap spacer molecules allow one to study the …

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Controllable Co2 Electrocatalytic Reduction Via Ferroelectric Switching On Single Atom Anchored In2se3 Monolayer, Lin Ju, Xin Tan, Xin Mao, Yuantong Gu, Sean Smith, Aijun Du, Zhongfang Chen, Changfeng Chen, Liangzhi Kou Aug 2021

Controllable Co2 Electrocatalytic Reduction Via Ferroelectric Switching On Single Atom Anchored In2se3 Monolayer, Lin Ju, Xin Tan, Xin Mao, Yuantong Gu, Sean Smith, Aijun Du, Zhongfang Chen, Changfeng Chen, Liangzhi Kou

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

Efficient and selective CO2 electroreduction into chemical fuels promises to alleviate environmental pollution and energy crisis, but it relies on catalysts with controllable product selectivity and reaction path. Here, by means of first-principles calculations, we identify six ferroelectric catalysts comprising transition-metal atoms anchored on In2Se3 monolayer, whose catalytic performance can be controlled by ferroelectric switching based on adjusted d-band center and occupation of supported metal atoms. The polarization dependent activation allows effective control of the limiting potential of CO2 reduction on TM@In2Se3 (TM = Ni, Pd, Rh, Nb, and Re) as well as the reaction paths and final products on …

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Vacancy Control In Acene Blends Links Exothermic Singlet Fission To Coherence, Clemens Zeiser, Chad Cruz, David R. Reichman, Michael Seitz, Jan Hagenlocher, Eric L. Chronister, Christopher J. Bardeen, Roel Tempelaar, Katharina Broch Aug 2021

Vacancy Control In Acene Blends Links Exothermic Singlet Fission To Coherence, Clemens Zeiser, Chad Cruz, David R. Reichman, Michael Seitz, Jan Hagenlocher, Eric L. Chronister, Christopher J. Bardeen, Roel Tempelaar, Katharina Broch

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The fission of singlet excitons into triplet pairs in organic materials holds great technological promise, but the rational application of this phenomenon is hampered by a lack of understanding of its complex photophysics. Here, we use the controlled introduction of vacancies by means of spacer molecules in tetracene and pentacene thin films as a tuning parameter complementing experimental observables to identify the operating principles of different singlet fission pathways. Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements in combination with microscopic modelling enables us to demonstrate distinct scenarios, resulting from different singlet-to-triplet pair energy alignments. For pentacene, where fission is exothermic, coherent mixing between the …

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Microbial Activity Responses To Water Stress In Agricultural Soils From Simple And Complex Crop Rotations, Jorg Schnecker, D. Boone Meeden, Francisco Calderon, Michel Cavigelli, R. Michael Lehman, Lisa K. Tiemann, A. Stuart Grandy Aug 2021

Microbial Activity Responses To Water Stress In Agricultural Soils From Simple And Complex Crop Rotations, Jorg Schnecker, D. Boone Meeden, Francisco Calderon, Michel Cavigelli, R. Michael Lehman, Lisa K. Tiemann, A. Stuart Grandy

Faculty Publications

Increasing climatic pressures such as drought and flooding challenge agricultural systems and their management globally. How agricultural soils respond to soil water extremes will influence biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen in these systems. We investigated the response of soils from long-term agricultural field sites under varying crop rotational complexity to either drought or flooding stress. Focusing on these contrasting stressors separately, we investigated soil heterotrophic respiration during single and repeated stress cycles in soils from four different sites along a precipitation gradient (Colorado, MAP 421 mm; South Dakota, MAP 580 mm; Michigan, MAP 893 mm; Maryland, MAP 1192 mm); …

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Allelopathic Influence Of Eragrostis Curvula Water Extract On Seed Germination And Seedling Growth Of Two Other Species, R. W. Coelho, R. E. Schmidt Aug 2021

Allelopathic Influence Of Eragrostis Curvula Water Extract On Seed Germination And Seedling Growth Of Two Other Species, R. W. Coelho, R. E. Schmidt

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula Schrad. Nees) is a very agressive tropical species and does not grow well with other species. This study was set up to investigate the allelopathic effect of various extract concentrations of weeping lovegrass on seed germination of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and the seedling development of white clover. Labotatory and growth chamber studies were conducted. Extract concentrations of 13.6, 27.2, 40.8, 54.4, and 62.0 g/100mL of water were studied. Treatments were arranged in a completely ramdomized design with three replications. The allelopathic effect of weeping lovegrass was …

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Effect Of Aging In Tillers Of Panicum Maximum On Leaf Elongation Rate, D. D. Carvalho, C. Matthew, J. Hodgson Aug 2021

Effect Of Aging In Tillers Of Panicum Maximum On Leaf Elongation Rate, D. D. Carvalho, C. Matthew, J. Hodgson

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Two cultivars of Guinea grass (P. maximum, Jacq.), Mombaça and Tanzânia, were cultivated in five litre pots, as single plants, in a green house. Plants were subjected to three defoliation levels (100, 200 and 400 mm height) for five successive monthly harvests. The experimental design was a 3x2 randomised block with five replicates. Three types of tiller (main, primary and secondary) were selected, at random, on each plant and leaf elongation rate (LER) above cutting height was measured, weekly, between harvests. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in LER between tiller types in cv. Mombaça in all periods, but only in period two in cv. Tanzânia. In the last period tillers were classified, at random, as old (over four months age) mature (between two and four months) and young (between one and two months). Old tillers had a lower (P < 0.05) LER than the other two categories in both cultivars and lower (P < 0.05) SLA (specific leaf area) in Mombaça.

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Dormant Bud Development In Phalaris Aquatica L., Brendan R. Cullen, P. E. Quigley, D. F. Chapman Aug 2021

Dormant Bud Development In Phalaris Aquatica L., Brendan R. Cullen, P. E. Quigley, D. F. Chapman

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The formation of dormant buds is critical to the summer survival of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) in pastures. Dormant buds are formed on the base of reproductive tillers as they develop in spring. This project aimed to determine the seasonal pattern of dormant bud development and the influence of grazing management on bud dynamics. Approximately three buds per reproductive tiller were formed in the spring and early summer period. These buds responded to summer rainfall, with one third of buds becoming active following a 15-mm rainfall event in mid summer. In the following growing season, on average, 1.5 buds …

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Tillering Dynamics Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. Cv. Tanzania-1 After Grazing, Rodrigo A. Barbosa, Domicio Nascimento Jr., Valéria P. B. Euclides, A. J. Regazzi, D. M. Fonseca Aug 2021

Tillering Dynamics Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. Cv. Tanzania-1 After Grazing, Rodrigo A. Barbosa, Domicio Nascimento Jr., Valéria P. B. Euclides, A. J. Regazzi, D. M. Fonseca

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Tillering dynamics and tiller dry matter weight from Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania-1) were evaluated in two post-grazing stubbles (High Post-grazing Stubble – HPS-3.6 t of DM/ha and Low Post-grazing Stubble – LPS-2.3 t of DM/ha). There was no difference between post-grazing stubbles for decapitated axillary and basal remainder and new axillary tillers. The LPS presented greater number of new basal tillers. The rate of appearance of new basal and axillary tillers decreased with time after grazing. There were differences between the treatments on tiller dry matter weight, and greater values were found in the high post-graze stubble.

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Flowering Distribution Pattern In White Clover Cultivars, B. S. Rosso, E. M. Pagano, P. Rimieri Aug 2021

Flowering Distribution Pattern In White Clover Cultivars, B. S. Rosso, E. M. Pagano, P. Rimieri

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A trial was carried out at Pergamino Agricultural Experimental Station to examine the distribution pattern and the profuseness of inflorescence production of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The treatments were 16 cultivars (Churrinche, El Lucero MAG, Bayucuá, Estanzuela Zapicán, Lucero Plus Inta, Haifa, California, Ladino Gigante Lodigiano, Dubrava, Susi, Merwi, Blanca, Sonja, Espanso, Nora, S 184) of different origins and leaf size. The experimental design was a lattice with four replications. Southamerican cultivars showed a similar distribution pattern and had the highest inflorescence production. They also flowered earlier than foreign cultivars, except Haifa. Some of the cultivars evaluated did …

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Breeding Italian Annual Ryegrass For Tolerance To Pythium Ultimum, L. R. Nelson, I. J. Pemberton, G. R. Smith Aug 2021

Breeding Italian Annual Ryegrass For Tolerance To Pythium Ultimum, L. R. Nelson, I. J. Pemberton, G. R. Smith

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

This study was conducted in an attempt to improve tolerance of annual ryegrass to Pythium ultimum Trow. Improved tolerance of ryegrass as measured in laboratory experiments was confirmed in greenhouse studies. This tolerance was defined as improved emergence and increased root length of seedlings in the presence of P. ultimum, using rolled germination paper in the laboratory, and sand in the greenhouse. Further experimentation will be required to determine usefulness of this selected trait under field conditions.

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Suitable Seed Harvesting Time For Six Grass Species, Hossein Arzani, A. Fakhireh Aug 2021

Suitable Seed Harvesting Time For Six Grass Species, Hossein Arzani, A. Fakhireh

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Determination of the best period of seed harvesting was considered. Six grass species were selected. The research was conducted in three stations of Alborz, Sirachal and Homand Absard. According to maturing stages, seed collection for measuring seed water content (moisture content), weight of 1000 seeds and germination percentage has been done. The result showed that there were significant differences between harvesting time on seed germination for all species in all regions. Moisture content, germination rate, weight of 1000 seeds and seed shedding were important characteristics for determination of suitable seed harvesting time.

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Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Reproductive Tiller Development In Perennial Ryegrass, I. Bahmani, E. R. Thom, C. Matthew, G. Lemaire Aug 2021

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Reproductive Tiller Development In Perennial Ryegrass, I. Bahmani, E. R. Thom, C. Matthew, G. Lemaire

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The objective of this study was to compare reproductive tiller development in two ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars, when fertilized with nitrogen. Plots of the cultivars ‘Grasslands Ruanui’ and ‘Ellett’ ryegrass were sown in April 1996. Half of each plot received nitrogen fertilizer (30 kg N/ha) after each grazing by dairy cows from September 1996 to May 1997 and from October 1997 to April 1998. Ryegrass tiller dynamics was monitored from September 1996 to March 1998. The proportion of reproductive tillers in the total tiller population was higher, on average, over the first flowering period (October 1996 to January …

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Upper Bounds For Inverse Domination In Graphs, Elliot Krop, Jessica Mcdonald, Gregory J. Puleo Aug 2021

Upper Bounds For Inverse Domination In Graphs, Elliot Krop, Jessica Mcdonald, Gregory J. Puleo

Theory and Applications of Graphs

In any graph G, the domination number \gamma(G) is at most the independence number \alpha(G). The Inverse Domination Conjecture says that, in any isolate-free G, there exists pair of vertex-disjoint dominating sets D, D' with |D|=\gamma(G) and |D'| \leq \alpha(G). Here we prove that this statement is true if the upper bound \alpha(G) is replaced by \frac{3}{2}\alpha(G) – 1 (and G is not a clique). We also prove that the conjecture holds whenever \gamma(G)\leq 5 or |V(G)|\leq 16.

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Skolem Number Of Cycles And Grid Graphs, Braxton Carrigan, John Asplund Aug 2021

Skolem Number Of Cycles And Grid Graphs, Braxton Carrigan, John Asplund

Theory and Applications of Graphs

A Skolem sequence can be thought of as a labelled path where two vertices with the same label are that distance apart. This concept has naturally been generalized to labellings of other graphs, but always using at most two of any integer label. Given that more than two vertices can be mutually distance d apart, we define a new generalization of a Skolem sequences on graphs that we call proper Skolem labellings. This brings rise to the question; ``what is the smallest set of consecutive positive integers we can use to proper Skolem label a graph?'' This will be known …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Re(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes Of 1,8-Naphthalimide, Priyanka Jagadeesa Prabhu Aug 2021

Synthesis And Characterization Of Re(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes Of 1,8-Naphthalimide, Priyanka Jagadeesa Prabhu

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

1,8-Naphthalimide fluorophores with amino-substituents absorb and emit in the visible region. The photophysical properties of this class of fluorophores can be modulated by altering the degree of Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) in the excited state. Thus, several metal complexes with the 1,8-naphthalimide motif have been developed as cell imaging agents. In this project, four 1,8-naphthalimide ligands were synthesized by incorporating rigid linkers. Among these, three ligands also allowed the extension of π-conjugation to the naphthalimide moiety. In addition, a ligand was also synthesized without the use of a linker. Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes of these ligands were also synthesized and their …

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Options And Experiences For Online Chemistry Laboratory Instruction, Emily Faulconer, Matt Morgan Aug 2021

Options And Experiences For Online Chemistry Laboratory Instruction, Emily Faulconer, Matt Morgan

Publications

While online course offerings have been on the rise for many years, there was a rapid transition to online courses due to campus closures and social distancing protocols associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This has caused significant disruption in traditional chemistry laboratory activities. In this chapter, features of various distance laboratory approaches options are presented, including wet chemistry and dry laboratory options. Because the existing research comparing effectiveness of these strategies is scarce, no attempt is made to argue the effectiveness of one modality over the other, but rather advantages and disadvantages of each method are presented and discussed. The …

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The Effect Of Structural Properties Of Ankara Clay On The Electrokinetic Properties, Güzide Kalyoncu Ergüler Aug 2021

The Effect Of Structural Properties Of Ankara Clay On The Electrokinetic Properties, Güzide Kalyoncu Ergüler

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of structural properties of soil known as Ankara clay, which contains different properties, on its electrokinetic behavior. For this purpose, the 8 disturbed samples from Ankara clay were collected from the different locations of Yüzüncüyıl and Karakusunlar areas, which were observed to contain no excess gravel and carbonate concretions. The electrokinetic behavior of these collected samples were evaluated by using the results of plastic limit, liquid limit, methylene blue, swelling, XRD, XRF, SEM, EDS and BET measurements and analyses as well as zeta potential tests. By these experimental studies, it …

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Mgrre_Pureoilscouttickets_Shuler - Beem Aka G. A. Beam_1_21127001820000, Mgrre Aug 2021

Mgrre_Pureoilscouttickets_Shuler - Beem Aka G. A. Beam_1_21127001820000, Mgrre

Legacy Scout Tickets from Pure Oil Company

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Noise-Reducing Acoustic Panels On The Noise Levels And Overall Safety Of Infant Sleep Machines, Pranav Poola Aug 2021

The Effect Of Noise-Reducing Acoustic Panels On The Noise Levels And Overall Safety Of Infant Sleep Machines, Pranav Poola

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Infant sleep machines (ISMs) are devices used to help infants fall asleep faster and stay asleep for longer amounts of time, yet they can often be too loud for infantile ears, which could potentially be dangerous. This research aimed to minimize the risks of infant sleep machines without reducing the effectiveness of the infant sleep machines themselves through the use of acoustic panels. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesized that the acoustic panels would reduce the noise levels of the ISM to less than recommended limits of 50 dB-A. A specific corner of a designated room was prepared with …

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The Economics Of Battery Storage For Residential Solar Customers In Southern California, John B. Broughton, Prashanth U. Nyer, Candace E. Ybarra Aug 2021

The Economics Of Battery Storage For Residential Solar Customers In Southern California, John B. Broughton, Prashanth U. Nyer, Candace E. Ybarra

Business Faculty Articles and Research

Battery storage coupled with solar panels became a consideration after the original net metering program in California (NEM 1.0) ended and gave way to the current net metering program (NEM 2.0). Under NEM 2.0, battery storage gives customers under time-of-use (TOU) rate plans the ability to store the excess electrical energy generated by their panels during sunlight hours (when electricity usage and resale rates are low) and then use that energy in the evening when rates are significantly higher. This reduces the amount of expensive electricity that the customer would have to purchase from the grid. It is widely expected …

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2021 Scas Annual Meeting Program And Bulletin Aug 2021

2021 Scas Annual Meeting Program And Bulletin

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Partially Speaker-Dependent Automatic Speech Recognition Using Deep Neural Networks, Christopher J. Li, Michelle Spigner Aug 2021

Partially Speaker-Dependent Automatic Speech Recognition Using Deep Neural Networks, Christopher J. Li, Michelle Spigner

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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The Accuracy Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Chatbots In Telemedicine, Robert K. Swick Aug 2021

The Accuracy Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Chatbots In Telemedicine, Robert K. Swick

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Table Of Contents Aug 2021

Table Of Contents

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Creation Of A Cip Method For The Heat Exchangers At Rolls-Royce, Melanie Howe, Austin Williams, Caroline Dempsey, Bethany Fralick Aug 2021

Creation Of A Cip Method For The Heat Exchangers At Rolls-Royce, Melanie Howe, Austin Williams, Caroline Dempsey, Bethany Fralick

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Rolls-Royce produces various engines which must be tested prior to their distribution to ensure a high-quality product. The manufacturing plant contains four test cells where the engines can be subjected to high levels of torque and extreme temperatures. A heat exchanger is necessary in this testing system and over time, unwanted waste accumulates on the system’s plates. The team is tasked with developing and implementing a system mounted on a mobile cart which can provide data to determine whether the plates need to be cleaned. For this cleaning system to work, it must fully saturate the heat exchanger in cleaning …

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Distribution Characteristics Of Heavy Minerals In The Sandstone Of Zhiluo Formation Of Northern Ordos Basin And Its Implication, Zhang Yuanyuan, Zhang Pengfei, Nie Fengjun, Yan Pengbing, Zhang Zhibo, Yan Zhaobin, Zhang Xin Aug 2021

Distribution Characteristics Of Heavy Minerals In The Sandstone Of Zhiluo Formation Of Northern Ordos Basin And Its Implication, Zhang Yuanyuan, Zhang Pengfei, Nie Fengjun, Yan Pengbing, Zhang Zhibo, Yan Zhaobin, Zhang Xin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Distribution characteristics of heavy minerals in the sandstone of Zhiluo Formation of northern Ordos Basin and its implication

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Regularity And Control Of Overburden And Surface Fractures In Shallow-Contiguous Seams, Cao Jian, Huang Qingxiang Aug 2021

Regularity And Control Of Overburden And Surface Fractures In Shallow-Contiguous Seams, Cao Jian, Huang Qingxiang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Regularity and control of overburden and surface fractures in shallow-contiguous seams

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Mechanism And Applicability Of Increasing Coalbed Methane Well Production By Pre-Positioned Acid Fracturing, Fan Yao Aug 2021

Mechanism And Applicability Of Increasing Coalbed Methane Well Production By Pre-Positioned Acid Fracturing, Fan Yao

Coal Geology & Exploration

Mechanism and applicability of increasing coalbed methane well production by pre-positioned acid fracturing

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Application Of In-Seam Wave Technology In Geological Anomaly Detection Of Yangquan Mining Area, Fan Deyuan, Wu Guoqing, Ma Yanlong Aug 2021

Application Of In-Seam Wave Technology In Geological Anomaly Detection Of Yangquan Mining Area, Fan Deyuan, Wu Guoqing, Ma Yanlong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Application of in-seam wave technology in geological anomaly detection of Yangquan Mining Area

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Love Wave Full Waveform Inversion Via Pseudo-Hessian Gradient Pre-Conditioning Operator, Guan Jianbo, Li Yu, Yin Caiyun, Yang Zhi, Jin Chaobin, Zhao Meng, Yang Hang Aug 2021

Love Wave Full Waveform Inversion Via Pseudo-Hessian Gradient Pre-Conditioning Operator, Guan Jianbo, Li Yu, Yin Caiyun, Yang Zhi, Jin Chaobin, Zhao Meng, Yang Hang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Love wave full waveform inversion via Pseudo-Hessian gradient pre-conditioning operator

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