Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Studies On Diagnostic Coverage And X-Sensitivity In Logic Circuits., Manjari Pradhan Dr.

Doctoral Theses

Today’s integrated circuits comprise billions of interconnected transistors assembled on a tiny silicon chip, and testing them to ensure functional and timing correctness continues to be a major challenge to designers and test engineers with further downscaling of transistors. Although substantial progress has been witnessed during the last five decades in the area of algorithmic test generation and fault diagnosis, applications of combinatorial and machinelearning (ML) techniques to solve these problems remain largely unexplored till date. In this thesis, we study three problems in the context of digital logic test and diagnosis. The first problem is that of fault diagnosis …

Fish Disease Outreach Messages: Testing Of Gain And Loss Frames, Erin L. Pavloski, Heather A. Triezenberg

The Journal of Extension

Gain and loss framing has been used as a technique in risk communication to shape individuals’ behaviors in many fields. Our community-engaged research, conducted in partnership with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), experimentally tested five message frames to determine efficacy for outreach programs. We found: a) to increase risk perceptions of fish disease use a loss frame in a management context, b) to decrease risk perceptions of fish disease management use a gain frame in a disease context, and c) to motivate behavioral intentions for prevention and risk reduction use a gain frame in a disease context.

Luminol/Sulfamic Acid Electrochemiluminescence And Its Application For Dopamine Detection, Hailemariam Barkae Tesfaye, Ibrahim Halawa Mohamed, Haile Fereja Tadesse, Addisu Kitte Shimeles, Ma Xian-Gui, Chen Ye-Quan, Xu Guo-Bao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Herein, sulfamic acid (SA) was utilized, for the first time, to enhance significantly the luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL). With the SA concentration increased from 0.1 μmol·L^-1 to 500 μmol·L^-1 the ECL intensity increased proportionally. The developed luminol/SA ECL system was employed to detect dopamine (DA) based on its prominent quenching effect. The Stern-Volmer equation of I_o/I= 1+K_sv[DA] could be applied to express well the quenching mechanism of DA in the luminol/SA ECL system. The calibration plot showed that the increase in the DA concentration from 0.5 to 20 μmol·L^-1 decreased linearly …

Preface To The Special Issue Of The Journal Of Electrochemistry Celebrating 100 Years Of Chemistry At Xiamen University, Chang-Jian Lin, Shi-Gang Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

No abstract provided.

Electrochemiluminescence Imaging Hydrogen Evolution Reaction On Single Platinum Nanoparticles Using A Bipolar Nanoelectrode Array, Xiang Qin, Zhong-Qiu Li, Jian-Bin Pan, Jian Li, Kang Wang, Xing-Hua Xia

Journal of Electrochemistry

A high-density (5.7 × 10⁸ cm^-2) nanoelectrode array with the electrode diameter of 200 nm and the interelectrode distance of 450 nm were fabricated. The nanoelectrode array consisted of gold nanowires embedded in a porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) matrix, having regular nanoelectrode distribution and highly uniform nanoelectrode size. The gold nanoelectrode array was used as a closed bipolar nanoelectrode array combined with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method to map the electrocatalytic activity of platinum nanoparticles toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by modifying the catalysts on single nanoelectrodes. Results show that HER on single bipolar nanoelectrodes could be imaged …

Oxygen-Exposure Induced Rapid Oxidation Of Spiro-Ometad In Cspbibr2 Perovskite Solar Cells, Wei-Guo Wang, Tian Bai, Gao-Fei Xue, Mei-Dan Ye

Journal of Electrochemistry

2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) is the most widely used hole transport material in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, its oxidation in the air takes a long time and results in the attack of perovskite by water. In this regard, we performed the oxidation process of Spiro-OMeTAD in oxygen, where perovskite can be protected from water, guaranteeing the integrity of perovskite. It was demonstrated that the champion Spiro-OMeTAD based CsPbIBr₂ PSCs after oxygen oxidation achieved a 7.19% power conversion efficiency (PCE), showing a higher PCE than 6.29% of the champion device oxidized in air. A series of electrochemical characterization methods were applied …

Theoretical Studies Of Metal-N-C For Oxygen Reduction And Hydrogen Evolution Reactions In Acid And Alkaline Solutions, Xue-Ping Qin, Shang-Qian Zhu, Lu-Lu Zhang, Shu-Hui Sun, Min-Hua Shao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Single atom catalysts (SAC) have been regarded as the promising alternatives to platinum group metals due to their low costs and potentially high catalytic activities in various electrocatalytic reactions. The atomic mechanism understanding of activity discrepancy among different metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon-based catalysts is still lacking. Here, non-precious metal and nitrogen co-doped carbons (Me-N-C, Me = Fe and Co) as the model catalysts are investigated by combining experimental and theoretical studies to explore the catalytic activities and corresponding reaction mechanisms toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at universal pHs. Atomic theoretical simulations suggest that Fe-N-C …

Application Of Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters In Electrocatalysis, Zhi-Hua Zhuang, Wei Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Metal nanoclusters (M NCs) consist of only several to a few hundred of metal atoms and possess core sizes less than 2 nm. Owing to the quantum size effect, the electronic states of M NCs evolve to discrete levels similar to the molecule energy gaps, other than a continuous density of states to produce plasmon characteristic of bulk metal nanoparticles (M NPs). In comparison with the conventional M NPs, M NCs exhibit dramatically unique electronic and optical properties, such as molecule-like energy gaps, strong photoluminescence and high catalytic properties, which make them promising for potential application in numerous fields, such …

Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Studies On Nickel Ultramicroelectrode, Li-Wen Wu, Wei Wang, Yi-Fan Huang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Nickel (Ni) electrodes are widely used in electrochemical researches. Understanding electrochemical processes on Ni electrodes through in-situ characterization of adsorbed species on their surfaces is helpful for rational optimization and application of Ni electrochemistry. Microelectrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (μEC-SERS) combines the mass transfer feature of ultramicroelectrode with high-sensitivity characterizations of molecular structures, which is a powerful method for studying Ni electrochemistry on polarization and non-equilibrium conditions. The key point of performing μEC-SERS is to make a SERS-active Ni ultramicroelectrode.
Here, we demonstrate a method of preparing a SERS-active Ni ultramicroelectrode through electrochemical deposition of several atomic layers of …

Lithium Storage Performance Of Hard Carbons Anode Materials Prepared By Different Precursors, Zhen-Lang Liang, Yao Yang, Hao Li, Li-Ying Liu, Zhi-Cong Shi

Journal of Electrochemistry

Hard carbon is one of the most promising anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high stability, widespread availability, low-cost, and excellent performance. The electrochemical properties of hard carbon materials depend strongly on the type of precursors. It is, therefore, very important to choose an excellent hard carbon precursor. Polyacrylonitrile, petroleum pitch and peanut shells were used as raw materials to prepare different hard carbon anode materials for LIBs. These hard carbon anode materials were successfully synthesized in two steps. The selected precursor was firstly carbonized at 600℃ for 1 h in argon atmosphere using heating rate …

Pd-Based Electrocatalysts For Oxygen Reduction And Ethanol Oxidation Reactions: Some Recent Insights Into Structures And Mechanisms, Zhi-Peng Wu, Chuan-Jian Zhong

Journal of Electrochemistry

The development of efficient electrocatalysts for applications in fuel cells, including proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), has attracted extensive research attention in recent years. Oxygen reduction reaction and ethanol oxidation reaction are two of the key reactions where the design of active, stable and low-cost electrocatalysts is critical for the mass commercializations of PEMFCs and DEFCs. This challenge stems largely from the limited understanding of the catalyst structures and reaction mechanisms. Progress has been made in investigations of electrocatalysts derived from Pd-based alloy nanomaterials both experimentally and computationally. We highlight herein some of the …

Shedding Light On Dark Patterns: A Case Study On Digital Harms, Noreen Y. Whysel

Publications and Research

You’ve been there before. You thought you could trust someone with a secret. You thought it would be safe, but found out later that they blabbed to everyone. Or maybe they didn’t share it, but the way they used it felt manipulative. You gave more than you got and it didn’t feel fair. But now that it’s out there, do you even have control anymore?

Ok. Now imagine that person was your supermarket. Or your bank. Or your boss.

As designers of digital spaces for consumer products and services, how often do we consider the relationship we have with our …

Chemically Resolved Nuclear Spin Relaxation, Megan Sly

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, the excitation of nuclear spins is used to generate spectra of radiofrequency resonance signals. The signal frequencies are typically used to determine the structure of chemical compounds, while the relaxation of the spins to thermodynamic equilibrium provides useful information about the molecular vicinity of a material. When a chemical compound occurs in different molecular environments, a single resonance signal can have multiple relaxation times. To quantify how much material is in how many different environments, a multi-exponential analysis was developed resolving resonance signals and relaxation times in two-dimensional contour plots. Samples of known resonance …

Analysis Of An Integral Metric On Hyperspaces, Darren Schmidt

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

In this paper, we will be investigating how to compute the integral distance defined by Dr. Insall and Dr. Charatonik, and we will analyze the results from this computation. We develop a way to compute the integral distance by using Monte-Carlo Integration, and we analyze the time complexity and the error that results from this method of computation. We also investigate when this distance function is a metric, and how this metric compares to some other common metrics.

Effect Of Magnetic Moment On Thermal Conductivity, Anthony Lonsdale

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Insulating non-magnetic solids conduct heat through the lattice vibrations, also colloquially known as phonons. However, in magnetic solids, additional channel for the heat transport is available through the interaction of magnetic moments with each-other. On the other hand, lattice vibrations couple with the magnetic moments on the atoms and thus provide additional resistance to the heat flow. Currently, there is no complete understanding of the magnitudes of these contributions and the overall effect of the magnetic contribution is largely unknown. Using a combination of spin dynamics and molecular dynamics simulations, we simulated the contribution of the magnetic subsystem to the …

Machine Learning Optimizes A Survey Of Dark Energy, Steven Karst

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Measuring the history of cosmic expansion via the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) scale from a three-dimensional galaxy map is a well established technique to probe the nature of dark energy. In fact, a forthcoming galaxy redshift survey, the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS), is designed mainly for this purpose. An essential optimization problem in such galaxy redshift surveys is the target selection. Namely, it is not clear how we should select our targets to maximize the number of galaxies which provide successful redshift measurement in a desired cosmic epoch, while avoiding other galaxies. Taking PFS as an example, we apply …

Amorphous Carbon Aerogels From Xerogel Powders, Daniel Greenan

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Carbon aerogels are well known for their high surface areas and high porosities. Their applications have been demonstrated in a wide range of areas such as CO2 capture, electrodes for electrochemical cells, etc. They are typically made from pyrolysis of carbonizable polymeric aerogels, which in turn are synthesized via sol-gel methods. Preparation of those polymeric aerogels involves supercritical fluid drying of wet-gels by replacing the pore-filling solvent with liquid CO2 that can be vented off as a gas, thus allowing pores to retain their shape and size. In contrast, here a new alternative route is proposed for the synthesis of …

The Effect Of Irradiating Aln On Its Dielectric Properties, Sean Anderson

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Aluminum Nitride is an active element of sensors that monitor the performance and well-being of the nuclear reactors due to its piezoelectric properties. Yet, the variations of its properties under irradiation are largely unexplored. Here, we report the results of the molecular dynamics simulations of the structural changes in AlN under irradiation via the knock-on atom technique. By creating and evolving the irradiation cascades due to energetic particle interaction with the atom of the crystalline lattice we determine the rate of the defect production as a function of the deposited energy. Further, we determine a displacement energy, a key characteristic …

Classification Of Cayley Rose Window Graphs, Angsuman Das, Arnab Mandal

Theory and Applications of Graphs

Rose window graphs are a family of tetravalent graphs, introduced by Steve Wilson. Following it, Kovacs, Kutnar and Marusic classified the edge-transitive rose window graphs and Dobson, Kovacs and Miklavic characterized the vertex transitive rose window graphs. In this paper, we classify the Cayley rose window graphs.

An Apparatus For Measuring Pasture Forage Mass, J. L. Moyer, D. W. Sweeney, K. W. Kelley, M. D. Schrock, R. R. Price

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

The Mulberry As A Source Of Forage For Ruminants: Effects Of Stand Density And Cutting Frequency On Dry Matter Yield And Nutritive Value, H. Manterola, D. Cerda

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

Milk C18 :1 And Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers From Cows Grazed On Perennial Ryegrass, Tall Fescue Or Timothy Grass Swards, Michael R. F. Lee, E. J. Kim, N. Ellis, J. K. S. Tweed, Nigel D. Scollan

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

Milk C18 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids From Cows Grazed On Perennial Ryegrass, Tall Fescue Or Timothy Grass Swards, Michael R. F. Lee, E. J. Kim, N. Ellis, J. K. S. Tweed, Nigel D. Scollan

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

Disability-Free Life Expectancy Among People Over 60 Years Old By Sex, Urban And Rural Areas In Jiangxi Province, China, Shengwei Wang, Songbo Hu, Pei Wang, Yuhang Wu, Zhitao Liu, Huilie Zheng

Statistics Graduate Research

Objective: To estimate and compare age trends and the disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) of the population over 60 years old in 2018 in Jiangxi Province, China, by sex and urban–rural areas. Methods: The model life table was employed to estimate the age-specific mortality rate by sex and urban–rural areas, based on the Summary of Health Statistics of Jiangxi Province in 2018 and the Sixth National Health Service survey of Jiangxi Province. DFLE and its ratio to life expectancy (LE) were obtained by the Sullivan method. Results: In 2018, the DFLE among people over 60 is 17.157 years for men and …

Using Tattoo Inks To Develop Undergraduate General Chemistry And High School Level Chemistry Students’ Understanding Of Atomic Emission, Emma Horoszewski

Undergraduate Honors Theses

An effective way to promote student engagement in the laboratory is to substitute traditional reagents for recognizable, real-world products. In this work, two laboratory experiments are outlined – one geared toward undergraduate general chemistry students and one for high school introductory level chemistry students – which replace solutions of metal salts with tattoo inks in the classic flame test experiment. The main objective of both experiments is to familiarize students with the subatomic mechanism occurring during atomic emission. Additionally, the undergraduate level experiment features the use of spectroscopy to identify metals present within tattoo inks through analysis of atomic emission …

Characterizing Students’ Engineering Design Strategies Using Energy3d, Jasmine Singh, Viranga Perera, Alejandra Magana, Brittany Newell

Discovery Undergraduate Interdisciplinary Research Internship

The goals of this study are to characterize design actions that students performed when solving a design challenge, and to create a machine learning model to help future students make better engineering design choices. We analyze data from an introductory engineering course where students used Energy3D, an open source computer-aided design software, to design a zero-energy home (i.e. a home that consumes no net energy over a period of a year). Student design actions within the software were recorded into text files. Using a sample of over 300 students, we first identify patterns in the data to assess how students …

Structure Formation And Coupling Reactions Of Hexaphenylbenzene And Its Brominated Analog, Jacob D. Teeter, Paulo S. Costa, Christoph Dobner, Mamun Sarker, Alexander Sinitskii, A Enders

Chemistry Department: Faculty Publications

The on-surface coupling of the prototypical precursor molecule for graphene nanoribbon synthesis, 6,11-dibromo-1,2,3,4-tetraphenyltriphenylene (C₄₂Br₂H₂₆, TPTP), and its non-brominated analog hexaphenylbenzene (C₄₂H₃₀, HPB), was investigated on coinage metal substrates as a function of thermal treatment. For HPB, which forms non-covalent 2D monolayers at room temperature, a thermally induced transition of the monolayer’s structure could be achieved by moderate annealing, which is likely driven by π-bond formation. It is found that the dibrominated carbon positions of TPTP do not guide the coupling if the growth occurs on a substrate at temperatures that …

Appendix A Atlantic Richfield Responses To Agency Comments From Comment Letter Dated April 27, 2021, Specific To General Comments For Data Management And Remedial Investigation Data Collection, Atlantic Richfield Company

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Geology Of The Yeşilyurt Gold Deposit: An Example Of Low-Angle Normal Fault Related Mineralization, Eastern Anatolia-Turkey, Esra Yildirim, Nail Yildirim, Cahit Dönmez, Kurtuluş Günay

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Yeşilyurt gold mineralization is located within the provincial borders of Malatya and Adıyaman in the East Anatolian Region. This mineralization is one of the gold deposits which correlated with low-angle normal/detachment fault. Low-angle normal fault associated with a tectonic setting which is potential extensional in Paleogene-Neogene (?) term. Marble-recrystallized limestone which belongs to the metamorphic core is the dominant rock (footwall) type in the bottom plate of the fault zone. There are deformed graphitic calc-schists (hanging wall) in the upper plate of the fault zone. The fault zone is characterized by fault gauge, cataclasite, and breccia. While the cataclasite, and …

Adhering Homogeneous Molecular Electrocatalysts Entrapped In Micelles To Electrode Surfaces, Emily Kuhlmann

Honors Theses

Heterogeneous catalysts are important to industrial use; however, mechanistic studies are difficult because they lack the easy tunability of homogeneous catalysts. One solution could be to immobilize homogeneous catalysts using micelles while maintaining catalytic properties and activities.