Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Urban Heat Island Effect And Its Impact On The Climate And Landscape Of Phoenix, Arizona, Gurwinder Sahota, Nazrul I. Khandaker, Ali Zarine, Malek Shami

Publications and Research

This paper examines the impact of the urban heat island effect on the climate and landscape of Phoenix, Arizona. Urbanization is quickly becoming the most influential environmental factor because of the exponential growth in the human population coupled with industrialization, modernization, and commercialization, which has become the allure of urban centers worldwide. While urbanization offers numerous advantages, it comes at the cost of altering the environment by replacing permeable natural soils and vegetation with impermeable urban surfaces, such as pavements, buildings, and other such structures. This impervious modification results in absorption of solar energy that is taken up by the …

Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, Wenhui Fu, Hualian Pei, Nitin Shivaooa, James R. Hébert, Tao Luo, Tian Tian, Dilibaier Alimu, Zewen Zhang, Jianghong Dai

Faculty Publications

Background Diet and inflammation have both been studied in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and T2DM. Methods Subjects were adults enrolled in the baseline study of the Xinjiang multi-ethnic natural population cohort and health follow-up study from January to May 2019. The study involved 5,105 subjects (58.7% men) between 35 and 74 years of age. The DII score was calculated from a data obtained via a food frequency questionnaire consisting of 127 food items. Results Logistic regression analyses were used to …

Integrating Digital Tools In Remote Learning To Enhance The Delivery Methods Of Technical Content In Undergraduate Geosciences, Ruslana Baker, Malek Shami, Nazrul I. Khandaker, Stanley Schleifer

Publications and Research

The global transition to remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic was an extremely difficult task for both students and faculty in geological sciences. Technical courses, such as Structural Geology, Mineralogy, Petrology, and Invertebrate Paleontology, that require in-person lectures and laboratory sessions involving various rocks and mineral samples, fossils, maps, and models, were a major concern at the start. The challenge of delivering the technical content via Microsoft Teams, Skype, Webex, Blackboard Collaborate Ultra, Zoom, and other internet based platforms was not only a burden for the faculty to carry, as students were struggling to conceptualize outcrop-and-type-section-based information and link …

Possible Superconductivity Above 40 K In Rhenium-Doped Strontium Ruthenates Indicated By Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Yurii Aleschenko, Boris Gorshunov, Elena Zhukova, Andrey Muratov, Alexander Dudka, Rajendra Dulal, Serafim Teknowijoyo, Sara Chahid, Vahan Nikoghosyan, Armen Gulian

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Strontium ruthenates have a lot of similarities with copper oxide superconductors and are a very interesting object for investigation of mechanisms and conditions which lead to high-temperature superconductivity. We report here on multiple experimental indications of superconductivity with the onset above 40K in strontium ruthenate doped by rhenium and selenium with chlorine used as a flux. The main experimental evidence comes from FTIR spectroscopy of this material followed by the ac and dc magnetization, as well as its heat capacity and magnetoresistance. Structural and morphological studies reveal the heterophase nature of this polycrystalline material as well as changes of lattice …

Delineating Heme-Mediated Versus Direct Protein Oxidation In Peroxidase-Activated Cytochrome, Victor Yin, Derek Holzscherer, Lars Konermann

Chemistry Publications

Oxidation of key residues in cytochrome c (cyt c) by chloramine T (CT) converts the protein from an electron transporter to a peroxidase. This peroxidase-activated state represents an important model system for exploring the early steps of apoptosis. CT-induced transformations include oxidation of the distal heme ligand Met80 (MetO, +16 Da) and carbonylation (LysCHO, -1 Da) in the range of Lys53/55/72/73. Remarkably, the 15 remaining Lys residues in cyt c are not susceptible to carbonylation. The cause of this unusual selectivity is unknown. Here we applied top-down mass spectrometry (MS) to examine whether CT-induced oxidation is catalyzed by heme. …

Distributed Overgrazing: A Key Cause Of Grassland Degradation In Inner Mongolia, Qian Zhang, Wenjun Li, Yina Xie, Changling Li, Yanbo Li

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

Design Of Leylus‐Chinensis Grassland Root‐Cutter, Yong You, Decheng Wang

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

Study On Wind‐Sand Defending Mechanism Of Single Shrub, Tingting Yang, Xinhong Wu, Guozheng Yao, Peng Li

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

The Choice And Siting Of Natural Vegetation In Reclamation Of Disturbed Land, T. Weaver, K. Aho, S. Regele

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

Improved Sustainability Of Bridges Through Better Diagnostics And Deeper Understanding Of Deterioration Processes, Nenad Gucunski

Sustainability Seminar Series

Effective and economic management of bridges depends on an accurate assessment of their current condition, and, in turn, prediction of their future performance. Deterioration processes in reinforced concrete, since they are a result of multiple inputs and actions, are inherently complex. To fully and accurately characterize various types of deterioration and gauge its severity, it requires using multiple nondestructive evaluation (NDE) tools in concert with other technologies. Among all the components, reinforced concrete decks deteriorate fastest, primarily due to their direct exposure to traffic and environmental loading, and maintenance actions. Therefore, the most significant advancements in NDE technologies’ efficacy for …

A Phase-Field Approach To Diffusion-Driven Fracture, Friedrich Wilhelm Alexander Dunkel

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In recent years applied mathematicians have used modern analysis to develop variational phase-field models of fracture based on Griffith's theory. These variational phase-field models of fracture have gained popularity due to their ability to predict the crack path and handle crack nucleation and branching.

In this work, we are interested in coupled problems where a diffusion process drives the crack propagation. We extend the variational phase-field model of fracture to account for diffusion-driving fracture and study the convergence of minimizers using gamma-convergence. We will introduce Newton's method for the constrained optimization problem and present an algorithm to solve the diffusion-driven …

Modified Newtonian Dynamics Effects In A Region Dominated By Dark Matter And A Cosmological Constant Λ, Ioannis Haranas, Kristin Cobbett, Ioannis Gkigkitzis, Athanasios Alexiou, Eli Cavan

Physics and Computer Science Faculty Publications

We study the motion of a secondary celestial body under the influence of a corrected gravitational potential in a modified Newtonian dynamics scenario. Furthermore we look within the Milky-way where the first correction to the potential results from a modified Poisson equation, and includes two mew terms one of which is of the form ln(r/r_max) and the other is associated with the cosmological constant lambda L added to the Newtonian potential. The regions of influence of the two potentials are associated with regions of interested bounded by the conditions for the Newtonian potential, the logarithmic …

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy For Single Molecule Analysis And Biological Application, Jing Guo

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a surface analytical technique, which enhances the Raman signal based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon. It has been successfully used for single molecule (SM) detection and has extended SERS to numerous applications in biomolecular detection. However, SM detection by SERS is still challenging especially with traditional SERS substrates and detection methods. In addition, the fundamental understanding of the SERS enhancement mechanism is still elusive. Furthermore, the application of SERS in biological field is still in the early stage. To address these challenges, there are two main aspects of SERS studied in my …

Current And Projected Sustainability Of The Water-Energy-Food Nexus In Caribbean Small Island Developing States, Zachary S. Winters

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Within Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC), small island developing states (SIDS) of the latter are wholly reliant on their natural environments for their tourism-dependent economies yet are experiencing declining environmental health. These effects are exacerbated by Caribbean susceptibility to climate change and growing populations. With limited size, elevation, GDP, and water resources compared to Latin America, the subregion requires management and solutions tailored to the needs of each country. This study examined current and future sustainability of the Caribbean SIDS by assessing the nexus of water-energy-food (WEF) resources at the national level. In addition, the potential for nature-based solutions …

Odu Researchers' Future Flood Maps Inform Virginia's Coastal Resilience Master Planning Process, News @ Odu

News Items

No abstract provided.

Anthropogenic Change On The Distribution Of Marine Megafauna And Their Prey, Baylie Fadool

Honors Theses

Anthropogenic change is impacting the distribution and survival of marine megafauna and their prey. Humans are changing every aspect of the marine environment, with effects reaching as large as changing the composition of marine environments to directly overexploiting species through the fishing industry. The role that marine megafauna play in balancing ecosystems, including as top apex predators, leads to detrimental results in the absences and population declines of these species. Migrations and declines due to threats on marine apex predator species will alter their environments by causing mesopredator release and changes in community structure, which is often associated with reduced …

Soil Compaction By Slurry Injection And The Effect On Soil Quality, N. Van Eekeren, H. C. De Boer

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Plant Biodiversity In The Over Grazed Marginal Lands Of Kovilpatti, M. Ramamoorthy, I. S. Krishnasamy

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

A Strategy To Select And Implement Restoration Projects In The Great Basin Desert, Michael Pellant, D. Major

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

Development Characteristics Of Water-Conducting Fractured Zone In Deep Coal Seam Based On Microseismic Monitoring, Hou Enke, Fan Jichao, Xie Xiaoshen, Long Tianwen, Zhang Huanlan, Wang Jianhui, Fan Zhigang

Coal Geology & Exploration

The development height of the water conducting fractured zone is one of the important technical parameters for mine water hazards prediction. In this paper, the combined well-surface microseismic monitoring technology was used to analyze the development characteristics of the water conducting fractured zone in working face 4103 in Wenjiapo coal mine. The results showed that for deep buried coal seams, the microseismic events occured in the advance mining face with advanced influence angle ranging from the minimum of 28° to the maximum of 35°. The stability of overburden decreased due to the faults. Thus, compared with normal bedrock, the overburden …

Study On Time-Frequency Characteristics And Field Test Of Giant Magnetostrictive Acoustic Wave Seismic Source, Wang Zelun, Gao Hongxin, Yu Shijian, Wang Yongshen

Coal Geology & Exploration

Wide-band, high-power and short-residual acoustic wave sources are the key technology for high-resolution detection of large-scale complex structures, in order to solve the contradiction between detection distance and resolution, a new acoustic wave detection instrument is developed by using the acoustic transmitter made of giant magnetostrictive material(GMM) as the source. The focal center frequency is 5 kHz, and the excitation voltage is 300-600 V, it has the characteristics of large radiated sound power, short residual vibration(3.5 cycles) and frequency band width(1-3 kHz), which solves the problem of the high resolution acoustic wave detection. Its greatest advantage is that the acoustic …

Hydrochemical Characteristics And Formation Mechanism Of Ordovician Limestone Water In Baode Coal Mine, Zhang Zeyuan, Xu Feng, Wang Shidong, Liu Qisheng

Coal Geology & Exploration

Ordovician limestone karst water is the main threatening water source for mining activities in Baode coal mine, and it is one of the main water supply sources. Ordovician limestone karst water samples were systematically collected in Baode coal mine, and the methods of correlation analysis, ion proportional coefficient, saturation index inversion simulation and Chlor-Alkali index were chosen to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and its formation mechanism. The results showed that the water quality types of Ordovician limestone water changed from runoff zone to stagnant zone in a trend of HCO₃-Na(Na·Ca)→HCO₃·Cl-Na·Ca(Ca·Mg)→Cl-Na(Na·Ca). The mass concentration of each ion …

Multi Parameter Monitoring System And Device For Mine Gas Drainage, Dai Chenyu

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to make up for the deficiency of the regional monitoring of the traditional gas drainage monitoring system, this paper proposes to build a borehole gas drainage monitoring system with borehole as the monitoring unit, which can dynamically grasp the drainage effect of each borehole in the process of gas drainage in real time, change the large area regional measurement into the measurement of each borehole in the region, and realize the fine monitoring of gas drainage. According to the requirements of borehole gas drainage monitoring system, combined with the characteristics of gas drainage parameters at the borehole orifice, …

Aggregation And Sedimentation Experiments Of Coal Fines With Different Particle Sizes During Cbm Development, Wei Yingchun, Cui Maolin, Zhang Jin, Meng Tao, Yao Zheng

Coal Geology & Exploration

During the development process of coalbed methane, the aggregation and sedimentation of coal fines can block the migration channel of coalbed methane and lead to accidents such as stuck pump and buried pump. In order to find out the aggregation and sedimentation characteristics of coal fines with different particle sizes, the aggregation and sedimentation experiments of coal fines with the particle size>140 mesh(<106 μm), 70 to 140 mesh(106-212 μm) and 50 to 70 mesh(212-300 μm) in deionized water were carried out. The aggregation and sedimentation characteristics of coal fines with different particle sizes in deionized water suspension were investigated from the suspension observation, the concentration characteristics of coal fines and the particle size distribution of coal fines in suspension. The results show that with the increase of the time, the color of coal fines suspension becomes lighter to different degrees, and the stratification of coal fines suspension gradually appears, and the suspension of coal fines with the particle size more than 140 mesh was the first to stratify among three suspensions. The smaller the particle sizes of coal fines, the more coal fines float on the top of the suspension, and the larger the particle sizes of coal fines, the more coal fines sink to the bottom of the suspension. The concentration of coal fines in the suspensions decreased to different degrees with the increase of the time. The concentration of coal fines decreased the fastest within 3 minutes after stopping the stirring. The concentration of coal fines with the particle sizes of 70 to 140 mesh in suspension was the largest among three suspensions. According to the particle size distribution curves, the process of aggregation and sedimentation of coal fines was divided into three stages: single peak to double peak(rapid floating and settlement of coal fines), double peak to single peak(rapid accumulation and settlement of coal fines) and single peak(slow sedimentation of coal fines). Coal fines with particle size more than 140 mesh in the suspension was the first to reach the stage of slow sedimentation, and coal fines with particle size of 70-140 mesh in the suspension reached the stage of slow sedimentation at the latest among three suspensions. The mechanism of aggregation and sedimentation of coal fines was discussed from the aspects of the force of coal fines, the extended DLVO theory, and the organic molecular structure of coal fines. The coal samples contain a large number of hydrophobic groups, such as aliphatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon, therefore, they have strong hydrophobicity and low wettability. With the decrease of particle sizes of coal fines, its specific surface area increases significantly, and a large amount of air is absorbed on the surface of coal fines, forming an air film. At the same time, particles of coal fines are adsorbed and aggregated with each other, and many micro pores are formed inside, resulting in that coal fines with small particle size is easy to aggregate and float on the suspension surface.

Evaluation And Analysis Of Paleoenvironments Of The Neogene Oil Shale Of Zhangcun Formation, Qinshui Basin, Liu Yanhai, Li Kunjie, Liu Dongna, Xue Shubin, Liu Yangfe, Chu Yonghui

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to deeply analyze the indication of oil shale development characteristics on paleoenvironments and provide theoretical guidance for oil shale resource evaluation, the organic geochemistry and elemental geochemistry characteristics of the Neogene Zhangcun Formation oil shale in the central part of the Qinshui basin were analyzed by Rock-Eval and TOC and the paleoclimate and paleogeographic environments of the depositional period were discussed as well. The results show that the oil shale of Zhangcun Formation has the low oil content which Tar=4.15%, higher hydrocarbon potential, kerogen is of sapropel type(I₁), which has relatively shallow burial depth. The element …

Pyrolysis Characteristics And Pyrolysis Product Composition Of Bituminous Coal Under Weak Oxidizing Atmosphere, Zang Libin, Cui Hufeng, Li Qingchun

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to improve the light tar and gas yield, the yield distribution and composition characteristics of pyrolysis products of bituminous coal from Shaanxi Hongliulin in the nitrogen atmosphere and weak oxygen atmosphere were studied in a fixed bed reactor. The results showed that the yield of char and tar were reduced under the weak oxygen atmosphere, and the yield of CO and CO₂ increased significantly, leading to the increase of total gas yield. Due to the oxidation combustion reaction, the yield of H₂, CH₄ and C₂-C₃ gradually decreased with the increase of …

Quantitative Evaluation Of The Contamination Degree Of The Drilling Fluid For Fractures Of Different Scale In Coal, Zhang Jingshuo, Ni Xiaoming, Li Yang, Li Zongyuan, Cao Yunxing

Coal Geology & Exploration

During coalbed methane well drilling, the drilling fluid contaminates and blocks the pores and fractures of coal seam. In order to find out the difference of pollution degree of drilling fluid coal and the contribution rate of the pores and fractures of different scale to permeability, the coal of Changping mine was taken as the research object, the scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the Image Pro Plus(IPP) processing technology were used, the parameters such as the average length, the average width, the total area and the total perimeter of the fractures of different scales in coal before and after contamination were …

Discussion On The Three-Dimensional Development Model Of The Old Well Pattern In Coalbed Methane Field, Li Jun, Zhang Cong, Zhang Jianguo, Peng He, Cui Xinrui, Zhu Min

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to increase the degree of production of CBM development blocks, when the production of a single well enters a decline period, the development plan needs to be adjusted, and the production increase and stability can be achieved through the measures such as layer adjustment or layer compensation. In terms of time, it is believed that the main coal seam should be developed first when it is put into production. After the decline period, the secondary main coal seam should be supplemented and combined; in space, combined with the development dynamics, the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine …

Model Of Surface Subsidence Basin For Long-Wall Working Face Along Strike Of Gently Inclined Coal Seam, Tang Yichuan, Xing Congcong, Liu Donghai, Deng Niandong, Yao Ting, Shang Hui

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to accurately describe the distribution of surface subsidence basin, and based on the power exponential function model and the subsidence features, the surface subsidence basin model of long-wall working face along strike with gently inclined coal seam was established concerned the combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method. The influencing factors of model parameters and the changing patterns of parameters were analyzed, and the applicability and the predicting accuracy of the model were verified. The results showed that parameter n reflected the range of the bottom size of the sinking basin, which was mainly related to the …

Sedimentary Response To The Uplift Of The Liupan Shan Since The Late Pleistocene And Its Environmental Effects, Ma Zhaoying, Dong Xiaopeng, Zhang Qing, Cui Jiawei

Coal Geology & Exploration

Liupan Shan lies between the Tibetan plateau and Ordos block and has been under the remote effect of the northeastward extension of the Tibetan plateau. The former research about the uplift of Liupan Shan mainly focused on the petrology, structural deformation or tectonic evolution study from the Cretaceous to early period of Cenozoic. However, the Late Pleistocene geological study closely connected with the human activities was rarely mentioned. In this study, we carried out systematic sedimentary research in the Qingshuihe basin adjacent to the Liupan Shan tectonic belt, re-determine the sedimentary sequence at first, then reverse the uplift history of …