Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Recognizing Handwritten Digits Using Spiking Neural Networks With Learning Algorithms Based On Sliding Mode Control Theory, Yeşi̇m Öni̇z, Mehmet Ayyildiz

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, a spiking neural network (SNN) has been proposed for recognizing the digits written on the LCD screen of an experimental setup. The convergence of the learning algorithm has been ensured by using sliding mode control (SMC) theory and the Lyapunov stability method for the adaptation of the network parameters. The spike response model (SRM) has been utilized in the design of the SNN. The performance of the proposed learning scheme has been evaluated both on the experimental data and on the MNIST dataset. The simulated and experimental results of the SNN structure have been compared with the …

Transforming Temporal-Dynamic Graphs Into Time-Series Data For Solving Event Detection Problems, Kutay Taşci, Fuat Akal

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Event detection on temporal-dynamic graphs aims at detecting significant events based on deviations from the normal behavior of the graphs. With the widespread use of social media, many real-world events manifest as social media interactions, making them suitable for modeling as temporal-dynamic graphs. This paper presents a workflow for event detection on temporal-dynamic graphs using graph representation learning. Our workflow leverages generated embeddings of a temporal-dynamic graph to reframe the problem as an unsupervised time-series anomaly detection task. We evaluated our workflow on four distinct real-world social media datasets and compared our results with the related work. The results show …

Forest Fire Effects On Snow Storage And Melt Across Scales Of Forest Recovery In The Western Oregon Cascades, Megan Nicole Guinn

Dissertations and Theses

Snow is the largest component of water storage in the western United States, it serves as a key moisture source for forested ecosystems and is fundamentally linked to streamflow and nutrient cycling. Snow is vulnerable to climatic warming, and a key consequence of declining mountain snowpack is the escalation in wildfire frequency, extent, intensity, and duration across the seasonal snow zone. Fire modifies the spatial extent of snow in watersheds, reducing snow water storage and timing of melt across burned forests. Forested mountain ecosystems and water supplies are facing shifts in their structure, function, and succession. Previous research has focused …

Learning To Care For Dangaba, Anne Poelina, Yin Paradies, Sandra Wooltorton, Edwin L. Mulligan, Laurie Guimond, Libby Jackson-Barrett, Mindy Blaise

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In a Kimberley place-based cultural story, Dangaba is a woman whose Country holds poison gas. Her story shows the importance of cultural ways of understanding and caring for Country, especially hazardous places. The authors contrast this with a corporate story of fossil fuel, illustrating the divergent discourses and approaches to place. Indigenous and local peoples and their knowledge, cultures, laws, philosophies and practices are vitally important to Indigenous lifeways and livelihoods, and critically significant to the long-term health and well-being of people and place in our locality, region and world. We call for storying and narratives from the pluriverse of …

An Ngqd Based Diagnostic Tool For Pancreatic Cancer, Ryan Ketan Ajgaonkar, Bong Lee, Alina Valimukhametova, Anton Naumov, Giridhar Akkaraju

Research Symposium

Background: Pancreatic cancer remains difficult to detect at early stages which contributes to a poor five-yearsurvival rate. Therefore, early detection approaches based on novel technologies should be explored to address this critical health issue. Nanomaterials have recently emerged as frontrunners for diagnostic applications due to their small size in the 1-100 nm range, which facilitates one-on-one interactions with a variety of biomolecules like oligonucleotides and makes them suitable for a plethora of detection and delivery applications. In this work, the presence of specific pancreatic cancer miRNA (pre-miR-132) is detected utilizing the fluorescence properties of highly biocompatible nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots …

Observation And Modelling Of Meter-Class Earth Impacting Asteroids, David L. Clark

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Earth is constantly bombarded by solar system objects of a wide variety of sizes, from micron-sized meteoroid stream and sporadic meteor dust, to meter-sized and larger meteoroids observed as fireballs. Fireball event characteristics directly point to the properties and structure of the parent body from which the meteoroid originated. In-atmosphere fireball data paired with in-space observations bring much context to both observations. This thesis centres on three published papers that grew out of my Masters project to identify precovery in-space images of meteoroids first observed as fireballs.

The first article describes the first successful identification of an in-space image of …

Excursions In Vector Calculus, Diego Castano

Mathematics Colloquium Series

Vector calculus is an invaluable tool in much of physics – electromagnetism is a prime example. The use of vector calculus is highlighted in an exploration of the concept of inductance and a reconsideration of its calculation. A form of the standard equation for inductance that is more versatile is derived and applied in some examples.

Optimizing And Evaluating Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles As A Matrix For Matrix-Assited Laser/ Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry For Small Molecule Detection In Rodent Brain Tissue, Juan Pablo Galindo

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization (MALDI) is the preferred method for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) due to its high spatial resolution. Detecting small molecules like γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, which are the main inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters respectively, proves challenging as their low masses conflict with background signals from most matrices.

This work optimizes zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) as a matrix, focusing on GABA and Glutamate detection. Its absence of background signal makes ZnO suitable for small molecule detection. Its shortcomings, especially batch-to-batch variability, were mitigated through filtration and sonication before deposition, achieving high-resolution imaging of rat brain tissue sections. …

Utilizing Graph Thickness Heuristics On The Earth-Moon Problem, Robert C. Weaver

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

This paper utilizes heuristic algorithms for determining graph thickness in order to attempt to find a 10-chromatic thickness-2 graph. Doing so would eliminate 9 colors as a potential solution to the Earth-moon Problem. An empirical analysis of the algorithms made by the author are provided. Additionally, the paper lists various graphs that may or nearly have a thickness of 2, which may be solutions if one can find two planar subgraphs that partition all of the graph’s edges.

Perceptual Cue-Guided Adaptive Image Downscaling For Enhanced Semantic Segmentation On Large Document Images, Chulwoo Pack, Leen-Kiat Soh, Elizabeth Lorang

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

Image downscaling is an essential operation to reduce spatial complexity for various applications and is becoming increasingly important due to the growing number of solutions that rely on memory-intensive approaches, such as applying deep convolutional neural networks to semantic segmentation tasks on large images. Although conventional content-independent image downscaling can efficiently reduce complexity, it is vulnerable to losing perceptual details, which are important to preserve. Alternatively, existing content-aware downscaling severely distorts spatial structure and is not effectively applicable for segmentation tasks involving document images. In this paper, we propose a novel image downscaling approach that combines the strengths of both …

2023 September 28 - Tennessee Weekly Drought Summary, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Weekly Drought Summaries

No abstract provided.

Using Assessments To Promote Growth Mindset In College Algebra, Hannah M. Lewis, Kady Schneiter, David Lane Tait

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Scientific evidence highlights the positive impact of a growth mindset on student achievement. Students with a growth mindset view errors and obstacles as opportunities for growth and welcome challenges and the opportunity to learn from their mistakes. Much has been written about promoting growth mindset through lectures and attitudes, however, assessments can also be an important avenue for encouraging a growth mindset in students. In this paper, we describe how we used assessments to promote growth mindset in a college algebra class. In the sections that follow, we discuss the need for these assessments and the principles that underly their …

Ai Vs. Ai: Can Ai Detect Ai-Generated Images?, Samah S. Baraheem, Tam Van Nguyen

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models such as Generative Adversarial Net- works (GANs) has shown impressive success in image synthesis. Artificial GAN-based synthesized images have been widely spread over the Internet with the advancement in generating naturalistic and photo-realistic images. This might have the ability to improve content and media; however, it also constitutes a threat with regard to legitimacy, authenticity, and security. Moreover, implementing an automated system that is able to detect and recognize GAN-generated images is significant for image synthesis models as an evaluation tool, regardless of the input modality. To this end, we propose a framework …

Asymmetric Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces For High-Performance Rechargeable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries, Jia Chou, Ya-Hui Wang, Wen-Peng Wang, Sen Xin, Yu-Guo Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

With a high cell-level specific energy and a low cost, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has been intensively studied as one of the most promising candidates for competing the next-generation energy storage campaign. Currently, the practical use of Li-S battery is hindered by the rapidly declined storage performance during battery operation, as caused by irreversible loss of electroactive sulfide species at the cathode, dendrite formation at the anode and parasitic reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface due to unfavorable cathode-anode crosstalk. In this perspective, we propose to stabilize the Li-S electrochemistry, and improve the storage performance of battery by designing asymmetric electrode-electrolyte interfaces …

Three-Dimensional Two-Phase Cfd Simulation Of Alkaline Electrolyzers, Ling-Yu Gao, Lin Yang, Chen-Hui Wang, Gui-Xuan Shan, Xin-Yi Huo, Meng-Fei Zhang, Wei Li, Jin-Li Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The structural and operation parameters of the electrolyzer play important roles in the efficiency of alkaline water electrolysis. In this article, a three-dimensional numerical model coupled with the electric field and the Euler-Eulerian k-ε turbulence flow field was first established to simulate accurately the performance of alkaline electrolyzers, based on a compact assembly structure of the industrial alkaline water electrolyzers, especially at current densities higher than 5000 A·m^–2. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data to verify the accuracy of the model. Suitable operating conditions for concentration, flow rate and the optimal design method of the …

Dependence Of Heat Transfer Model On The Structure Of Electrically Coil-Heated Microelectrodes, Ju Li, Sen Yang, Jian-Jun Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrically heated microelectrodes have gained much attention in electroanalytical chemistry in recent years. It has been shown that the promotion of mass transport and reaction kinetics at high-temperatures often results in increased current signals. However, there is no study about the heat transfer inner the microelectrodes which is necessary for the design and operation for microsensors. This report introduces a finite element software (COMSOL) to analyze the factors that influence the surface temperature (T_s), which is crucial for the heating ability of micro-disk electrodes with coils. Distances between the electrode surface and the bottom of the heated copper …

An Improved Dandelion Optimizer Algorithm For Spam Detection: Next-Generation Email Filtering System, Mohammad Tubishat, Feras Al-Obeidat, Ali Safaa Sadiq, Seyedali Mirjalili

All Works

Spam emails have become a pervasive issue in recent years, as internet users receive increasing amounts of unwanted or fake emails. To combat this issue, automatic spam detection methods have been proposed, which aim to classify emails into spam and non-spam categories. Machine learning techniques have been utilized for this task with considerable success. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to spam email detection by presenting significant advancements to the Dandelion Optimizer (DO) algorithm. The DO is a relatively new nature-inspired optimization algorithm inspired by the flight of dandelion seeds. While the DO shows promise, it faces challenges, …

Hydrophobicity Optimization Of Cathode Catalyst Layer For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Hao-Jie Chen, Mei-Hua Tang, Sheng-Li Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Hydrophobicity of the cathode catalyst layers (CCLs) crucially determines the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) by affecting the transports of oxygen and liquid water. In this regard, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is usually used as a hydrophobic additive to facilitate the oxygen and water transports in CCLs. So far, there remains lacking systematic effort to optimize the addition methods of PTFE in CCLs and the mechanisms behind. In this work, the effects of the approaches for PTFE addition and the distribution of PTFE on the mass transport of oxygen and the proton conduction in CCLs were studied by using …

Residential Metals Abatement Program Investigation Summary Report (Non-Residential Parcels – Indoor Dust) - Former Hawthorne School, Environmental Resource Management (Erm)

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Draft - Residential Metals Abatement Program Investigation Summary Report (Non-Residential Parcels – Indoor Dust) Former Hawthorne School, Environmental Resource Management (Erm)

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Draft - Residential Metals Abatement Program Investigation Summary Report (Non-Residential Parcels – Indoor Dust) Butte High School, Environmental Resource Management (Erm)

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor Based On Poly (O-Phenylenediamine) For Sensitive Detection Of Oxycodone In Water, Pranaya Charkravarthula, Amos Mugweru

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

This work was aimed at the development of a sensitive electrochemical detection method for oxycodone in water. Molecularly imprinted electrodes were formed by electro-polymerization process using o-phenylenediamine as a monomer. The electro-polymerization was performed on glassy carbon electrodes in the presence of oxycodone before the extraction of entrapped oxycodone molecules. Various electrochemical techniques were employed to monitor the polymerization and response of the fabricated electrodes toward oxycodone. These techniques included cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The oxycodone concentration was determined using SWV by measuring the change in the oxidation …

Is Performance Fairness Achievable In Presence Of Attackers Under Federated Learning?, Ashish Gupta, George Markowsky, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the last few years, Federated Learning (FL) has received extensive attention from the research community because of its capability for privacy-preserving, collaborative learning from heterogeneous data sources. Most FL studies focus on either average performance improvement or the robustness to attacks, while some attempt to solve both jointly. However, the performance disparities across clients in the presence of attackers have largely been unexplored. In this work, we propose a novel Fair Federated Learning scheme with Attacker Detection capability (abbreviated as FFL+AD) to minimize performance discrepancies across benign participants. FFL+AD enables the server to identify attackers and learn their malign …

Many-To-One: Transformer-Based Unsupervised Anomaly Detection And Localization On Industrial Images, Naga Jyothirmayee Dodda

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Anomaly detection is of utmost importance in the realm of industrial defect identification, particularly when employing computer vision-based inspection mechanisms within quality control systems. This research introduces the Many-to-One (M2O) framework, which relies on a multi-level transformer encoder combined with a single transformer decoder, which forms many-to-one relation in the framework for detecting and localizing anomalies. The rise of Industry 4.0 and electric vehicles has increased interest in this area. Although previous research has made significant contributions, challenges still exist in this area. It is crucial to develop models that can generalize well and overcome time complexity problems that affect …

Application Of Model-Based Time Series Prediction Of Infrared Long-Wave Radiation Data For Exploring The Precursory Patterns Associated With The 2021 Madoi Earthquake, Jingye Zhang, Ke Sun, Junqing Zhu, Ning Mao, Dimitar Ouzounov

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Taking the Madoi M_S 7.4 earthquake of 21 May 2021 as an example, this paper proposes using time series prediction models to predict the outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) anomalies and study short-term pre-earthquake signals. Five time series prediction models, including autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and long short-term memory (LSTM), were trained with the OLR time series data of the aseismic moments in the 5° × 5° spatial range around the epicenter. The model with the highest prediction accuracy was selected to retrospectively predict the OLR values during the aseismic period and before the earthquake in the area. It …

Effects Of Spin-Orbit Coupling On Gravitational Waveforms From A Triaxial Nonaligned Neutron Star In A Binary System, Wen-Fan Feng, Tan Liu, Jie-Wen Che, Yan Wang, Soumya D. Mohanty

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Spinning neutron stars (NSs) can emit continuous gravitational waves (GWs) that carry a wealth of information about the compact object. If such a signal is detected, it will provide us with new insight into the physical properties of matter under extreme conditions. According to binary population synthesis simulations, future space-based GW detectors, such as LISA and TianQin, can potentially detect some double NSs in tight binaries with orbital periods shorter than 10 minutes. The possibility of a successful directed search for continuous GWs from the spinning NS in such a binary system identified by LISA/TianQin will be significantly increased with …

Search For Gravitational Waves Associated With Fast Radio Bursts Detected By Chime/Frb During The Ligo–Virgo Observing Run O3a, R. Abbott, T. Abbott, F. Acernese, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Francisco Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We search for gravitational-wave (GW) transients associated with fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project, during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC–2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). Triggers from 22 FRBs were analyzed with a search that targets both binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star–black hole (NSBH) mergers. A targeted search for generic GW transients was conducted on 40 FRBs. We find no significant evidence for a GW association in either search. Given the large uncertainties in the …

Residential Metals Abatement Program Investigation Summary Report (Non-Residential Parcels – Indoor Dust) - Butte High School, Environmental Resource Management (Erm)

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Comparative Study Of Guanidine-, Acetamidine- And Urea-Based Chloroaluminate Electrolytes For An Aluminum Battery, Iwan Sumarlan, Anand Kunverji, Anthony J Lucio, A Robert Hillman, Karl S Ryder

Student and Faculty Publications

Aluminum-based batteries are a promising alternative to lithium-ion as they are considered to be low-cost and more friendly to the environment. In addition, aluminum is abundant and evenly distributed across the globe. Many studies and Al battery prototypes use imidazolium chloroaluminate electrolytes because of their good rheological and electrochemical performance. However, these electrolytes are very expensive, and so cost is a barrier to industrial scale-up. A urea-based electrolyte, AlCl3:Urea, has been proposed as an alternative, but its performance is relatively poor because of its high viscosity and low conductivity. This type of electrolyte has become known as an ionic liquid …

Modeling Leaf-Level Transpiration: Exploring The Consequences Of Assumed Saturated Vapor Pressure In Leaves, Danlyn L. Brennan

Dissertations and Theses

Understanding the dynamics of water transport through leaf intercellular airspaces (IAS) and its impact on transpiration is crucial for accurate predictions of plant water use and ecosystem response to changing climates. This study investigates the implications of assuming undersaturation of water vapor in the IAS for transpiration predictions and explores potential modifications to standard modeling approaches.

A dynamic 1D soil-plant-atmosphere continuum using a stomatal optimization model (SPAC-SOT) framework was used to simulate the response of tree species, P. edulis, to prolonged drought and varying environmental conditions. Comparisons between two model assumptions (saturated vs. undersaturated IAS) reveal notable differences in …