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Articles 13951 - 13980 of 302431
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Nasa Big Idea Project: Production Of Steel From Lunar Regolith Through Carbonyl Iron Refining (Cir), Collin T. Andersen, John F. Otero, Jordan R. Contreras, Jarom Chamberlin, Hong Y. Sohn
Nasa Big Idea Project: Production Of Steel From Lunar Regolith Through Carbonyl Iron Refining (Cir), Collin T. Andersen, John F. Otero, Jordan R. Contreras, Jarom Chamberlin, Hong Y. Sohn
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Transporting equipment to the moon is extremely cost prohibitive and competition is fierce over a limited cargo volume. However, the moon’s surface is relatively rich in metals. Carbonyl Iron Refining (CIR) is a promising avenue to extract iron from reduced lunar regolith and refine it into a high purity powder product. The process is two-stage. First, iron oxide in lunar regolith is reduced with hydrogen or carbon monoxide. Second, the disparate iron particles are refined via the formation and subsequent decomposition of Fe(CO)5(g). Stand out characteristics of the concept are its native synergy with oxygen production and additive manufacturing and …
Muon Shielding: Effects Of Moon Shielding By Lead, Polyethylene, And Water, Teagan Della Cerra
Muon Shielding: Effects Of Moon Shielding By Lead, Polyethylene, And Water, Teagan Della Cerra
Utah Space Grant Consortium
My goal was to explore how muon counts are affected under shielding of different materials at various thicknesses. The materials used were lead, polyethylene, and water. These trials consisted of using two muon detectors in coincidence mode and running a trial for roughly 15 minuets (900s ± 5s), and were all taken in the bottom floor of Tracy Hall located in Ogden, UT.
Cosmic Watch Muon Detector Case Builds And Radiation Event Counts, Mary Ghita
Cosmic Watch Muon Detector Case Builds And Radiation Event Counts, Mary Ghita
Utah Space Grant Consortium
In this experiment, as a student in an advanced lab at Weber State University an opportunity was given to verify whether making cases of different materials in a 3D printer will have the same amount of muon counts as an Aluminum case. The material used in the 3D printer consists of a non-glow in the dark material and a glow in the dark material. These cases were made in a Lego brick shape and are a little bigger than a typical Aluminum muon detector case. The experiment is also taken with one muon detector board for each separate event experiment. …
Cosmic Ray Muons & True Random Numbers, Ryan Gardner
Cosmic Ray Muons & True Random Numbers, Ryan Gardner
Utah Space Grant Consortium
The Earth is under a constant barrage of high-energy protons that smash into upper-atmospheric nuclei, such as oxygen and nitrogen, triggering a chain reaction of subatomic particles that rain down onto the planet’s surface. This process is entirely random with a high degree of entropy – a perfect system for harvesting true random numbers.
Measuring Solar Activity With Cosmicwatch Muon Detectors, Jade Marchant
Measuring Solar Activity With Cosmicwatch Muon Detectors, Jade Marchant
Utah Space Grant Consortium
To expand upon the knowledge gained from the construction of the CosmicWatch detectors, we conducted an experiment that had specific aims to measure the correlation between muon detection and current solar activity. This was done by taking daily muon count measurements and comparing it to daily sunspot and solar flare activity data retrieved from various space weather agencies. This experiment allowed us to test the capabilities of the detectors while also exploring fascinating astrophysical phenomena. Our results indicate that muon detection through the CosmicWatch detectors does not correlate with changes in daily solar activity.
Blotting Out The Sky: The Affects Of Various Shielding Configurations On The Rate Of Muon Interactions, Masen Pitts
Blotting Out The Sky: The Affects Of Various Shielding Configurations On The Rate Of Muon Interactions, Masen Pitts
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Detector shielding techniques are widely used in the field of particle physics, where in many cases properly detecting the objects of interest is solely dependent on how well one can reduce the detector's noise floor, or the minimum signal intensity at which detection events can be distinguished from background noise.
Muons, Moody Weather, & Many Lines Of Code, Nathan Tanner, Jade Marchant, Matt Wilkinson
Muons, Moody Weather, & Many Lines Of Code, Nathan Tanner, Jade Marchant, Matt Wilkinson
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Muons are heavy, fundamental subatomic particles that are created in the Earth’s atmosphere by cosmic rays. Muons decay quickly after being formed, but because they are moving at nearly the speed of light they travel far before doing so, passing through almost everything in their path. This allows them to be detected on the ground. The purpose of this experiment is to see if there is any relation between weather and measured muon rates. Literature suggests that the density of the atmosphere has the most significant effect on muon rates, the connection being a direct negative correlation. To do this …
Are They Really Muons: Determining The Viability Of Cosmicwatch Muon Detectors In ‘Coincidence Mode’, Matt Wilkinson
Are They Really Muons: Determining The Viability Of Cosmicwatch Muon Detectors In ‘Coincidence Mode’, Matt Wilkinson
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Our project went forward in two stages, the first stage being the building and testing of the detectors and the second being the primary experiment to test the detectors in their coincidence modes. Experiences with the build phase, particularly with the setting of thresholds for the detectors, lead to the interest in determining the statistical significance of these values.
Using Projected Sound To Create Specified Objects, Isaac Bentley, Noel Philips, Austin Everingham
Using Projected Sound To Create Specified Objects, Isaac Bentley, Noel Philips, Austin Everingham
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Light projection using sound creates unique circular shapes that are dictated by the frequency used. We attempt to characterize these relationships in order to determine a correlation between the individual frequency and the combination of multiple frequencies to predict and dictate the shape and rotation of the image presented. We are doing this through experimentation and research to optimize our results. We hope to develop this to aid in the creation of holograms and sound interaction analysis.
The Benefits Of Bifidobacterium Longum And Its Viability In Different Environments, Lane Law, Aikhin Cheng
The Benefits Of Bifidobacterium Longum And Its Viability In Different Environments, Lane Law, Aikhin Cheng
Utah Space Grant Consortium
When we talk about bacteria, people usually think of it as a bad thing to ever exist in the human body. However, there are some bacteria such as Bifidobacterium that are not only not a bad thing, but they can even promote a healthier life. Studies have shown that probiotics have various health benefits. Through their biological mechanisms in the body, probiotics have been shown to adjust gut functionality, enhance immunity, lower cholesterol, and encourage metabolic balance. Additionally, they can produce short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, enzymes, organic acids, and peptides that fight off microbes. Bacteria species that are considered probiotics …
Supplementation Of Martian Regolith Media For Sustained Cyanobacterial Growth, Alix Elliston
Supplementation Of Martian Regolith Media For Sustained Cyanobacterial Growth, Alix Elliston
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Cyanobacteria have been referred to as the architects of Earth’s atmosphere and are widely credited with being the planet’s first oxygenators. While it is speculated that cyanobacteria could similarly be utilized to oxygenate the atmosphere of Mars, one constraint is resource scarcity on the planet. Studies have shown that certain cyanobacteria can survive at least short term in media comprised of Martian regolith; however, their ability to thrive long term in such nutrient-deprived conditions is questionable. This study aims to investigate whether a cyanobacterial culture grown in a nutrient-deprived medium can be supplemented with urine and certain vitamin-producing bacteria to …
Reducing Carbon Dioxide Levels On Mars Using Cyanobacteria, Lonnie Ernst
Reducing Carbon Dioxide Levels On Mars Using Cyanobacteria, Lonnie Ernst
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Cyanobacteria are the largest contributor to oxygen production on earth and play a substantial role in making earth a viable place to live. With increasing interest in the colonization of Mars, this project aims to use cyanobacteria to terraform the atmosphere of Mars. Carbon dioxide constitutes 98% of the Martian atmosphere making it uninhabitable for most forms of life. An emulation of the Martian atmosphere will be created using an anaerobic chamber, putting the pressure under vacuum, and supplementing the air with carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas. Cyanobacteria will be grown in a photobioreactor under these conditions and the oxygen …
Rover Propulsion In Frozen Environments, Kyler Ingles
Rover Propulsion In Frozen Environments, Kyler Ingles
Utah Space Grant Consortium
The goal of this study is to find the optimal propulsion system for a rover on snowy terrain. The purpose of the study is to test multiple methods of driving a rover in deep fresh snow to later be used when designing a rover intended to traverse steep snowy terrain on other planets. The exploration of this topic is important for our study of other celestial bodies. A significant portion of the planets and moons in our solar system has a surface covered in frozen substances like carbon dioxide, methane, and oxygen. This research will help create a rover to …
Thermally Powered Solar Panels, David S. Lewis
Thermally Powered Solar Panels, David S. Lewis
Utah Space Grant Consortium
To address the challenge of global energy, using the thermoradiative effect to harvest radiative energy from the sun is not only a promising approach for nighttime renewable energy, but potentially one to increase solar energy production during the day time as well. Current modeling predicts that an ideal and optimized nighttime thermoraidative diode (NTRD) can generate a maximum power density of 0.12 mW/cm2. For comparison the maximum for a photovoltaic panel is 5.48 mW/cm2. These results indicate that the maximum power generated is strongly influenced by external light efficiency as well as the ambient temperature and …
The Bio-Light; Increasing Auto-Bioluminescence, Paul Rodriguez, Lane Law
The Bio-Light; Increasing Auto-Bioluminescence, Paul Rodriguez, Lane Law
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Bioluminescence is a fascinating capability that has benefited society in a number of ways. One way bioluminescence has been used is in the medical field, where researchers use it to mark cancer cells in animal models. However, bioluminescence could be harnessed for another application. In this project, we will generate bioluminescent E.coli that can produce unnatural amounts of light. These auto-bioluminescent bacteria could rival NASA low activity lights on shuttles, that produce 20 to 300 lux of light. To achieve the minimum of 20 lux in a liquid culture of E.coli, we must first introduce a plasmid that contains the …
Synthesis Of Optically Active Chiral Compounds Using Co2, Antonio Ruiz
Synthesis Of Optically Active Chiral Compounds Using Co2, Antonio Ruiz
Utah Space Grant Consortium
The proposed project aims to synthesize optically active chiral compounds. The current selected procedure for synthesizing chiral molecules utilizes carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that is harmful to the environment, as a feedstock to produce high value organic electronics for use on aboard spacecraft. These resulting chiral molecules offer a range of functional properties that can enhance device performance and reliability, critical for space applications. The procedure for synthesizing the compounds is currently under review to validate the method as reproducible and scalable. Ultimately, the project can have a significant impact on space exploration and technology by providing a sustainable …
How Is A Clean Environment Making Astronauts Sick?, Mia Sheneman, Lane Law
How Is A Clean Environment Making Astronauts Sick?, Mia Sheneman, Lane Law
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Are astronauts deprived of bacteria? The irradiation process used to prepare astronaut food wipes out all harmful bacteria- as well as all beneficial bacteria found in their food. The stress of space travel can decrease the quality of GI bacteria due to low gravity, radiation, and a contained sterile environment. Is it important for astronauts to be eating probiotics?
Optimization Of Nozzle Profiles To Achieve Higher Thrust Performance And Lowering Manufacturing Costs, Chandler Taylor
Optimization Of Nozzle Profiles To Achieve Higher Thrust Performance And Lowering Manufacturing Costs, Chandler Taylor
Utah Space Grant Consortium
With the growing popularity in high-powered rockery the question of cost and performance is on every rocketeer’s mind. Then paired with the interest of flying higher and breaking records for armature rocketry flight the question is proposed, how does one make a rocket motor to increase its performance and lower its costs? In this we intend to answer that question. We will design a test for ammonium perchlorate motors and define methods to increase the performance and lower the cost. The way we can achieve this is testing in computer simulations with focused being on nozzle and materials optimization. Computer …
The Influence Of Mycorrhizal Associations On Monoterpene And Isoprene Emissions In Plants, Luis Valdez, Lane Law
The Influence Of Mycorrhizal Associations On Monoterpene And Isoprene Emissions In Plants, Luis Valdez, Lane Law
Utah Space Grant Consortium
The Purpose of this research is to determine the extent of the influence of AMF symbiosis can exert on the VOC emissions profiles of plants, particularly whether AMF symbiosis has a positive or negative effect on isoprene and monoterpene emissions.
Development Of A Nano-Encapsulation Platform With A Novel Antioxidant Indigoidine For The Mitigation Of Space Radiation, Kyle Jackson, Jie Ren, Jixun Zhan, Yu Huang
Development Of A Nano-Encapsulation Platform With A Novel Antioxidant Indigoidine For The Mitigation Of Space Radiation, Kyle Jackson, Jie Ren, Jixun Zhan, Yu Huang
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Space includes many hazards to the human species, one of the most detrimental to us is the biological damage from radiation. Loading an astronaut's immune system with free radical scavenging molecules as a potential shield from this damage is one method to prevent biologically relevant damage that has only been slightly explored. Unfortunately, the pharmacological potential of many antioxidants is severely restricted because of their low solubility/absorption. Here, I characterize a powerful delivery system that can deliver many different hydrophobic antioxidants to the cell, increasing their bioavailability. The novel antioxidant Indigoidine has been explored in this delivery system. It has …
Magnetically-Stabilized Let Joints For Origami-Based Space Arrays, Hunter Pruett, Spencer Magleby
Magnetically-Stabilized Let Joints For Origami-Based Space Arrays, Hunter Pruett, Spencer Magleby
Utah Space Grant Consortium
A review of surrogate folds is presented. From said review, a concept set of surrogate folds is generated and concept selection criteria are generated. The surrogate fold concept set is refined and the LET array is selected with justification. Novel stress considerations are presented for LET arrays seeking to minimize panel thickness and be as proximate as possible in the stowed state. The MaNO hinge is introduced, and the MaLDO, MaLO, and MaNO hinges are successfully incorporated into LET arrays demonstrating viable options for actuation and stabilization of origami-inspired mechanisms and arrays.
Ultra-Low Power Adcs For Space Sensors And Instruments, Shea Smith, Wood Chiang
Ultra-Low Power Adcs For Space Sensors And Instruments, Shea Smith, Wood Chiang
Utah Space Grant Consortium
A 28nm 0.1V 10-bit 20kS/s time domain ADC with 225Hz bandwidth is proposed. This design opens the doors to both low supply and low power space sensors and instruments. Due to the stringent voltage supply, unique challenges arise that are met with innovation in the sample switch and the quantizer design. These components of the ADC architecture are aggressively optimized to perform successfully at a 0.1V supply with a sample rate suitable for most sensor applications.
Notes Of Black Holes, A. B. Chanson
Notes Of Black Holes, A. B. Chanson
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Fully leveraging Analysis onto physics proves fruitful, as a number of results are displayed; in particular, emergent symmetries are, generally, categorized as information symmetries; together with Noether’s theorems, these laws are found dual to the Laws of Thermodynamics as well as the Three Isomorphism Theories (alongside the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra). Most remarkably, the fine structure constant is analytically derived (using monodromy techniques), the cosmological hierarchy problem is resolved (using thermodynamic techniques), and a new duality between quantum information, celestial holography, and black holes is exhibited and exploited to resolve the Arrow of Time.
Advances In Noninvasive Urine Oxygen Monitoring For Detection Of Acute Kidney Injury, Lars Lofgren, Kai Kück, Natalie Silverton
Advances In Noninvasive Urine Oxygen Monitoring For Detection Of Acute Kidney Injury, Lars Lofgren, Kai Kück, Natalie Silverton
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of cardiac surgery that is associated with increased hospital length of stay and mortality risk. The most common diagnostic criteria come from the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Guidelines. These criteria rely on detecting changes in serum creatinine relative to a baseline measurement and decreased urine output. These markers are meant to capture a decrease in the overall filtration rate. However, the filtration rate may or may not change depending on the baseline health of the individual patient and the type and severity of the injury. In addition, these markers are influenced …
Aerodynamic Effects Of Phase Offset Between Synchronized Propellers In Hover, Nathan Welker, Daniel Maynes
Aerodynamic Effects Of Phase Offset Between Synchronized Propellers In Hover, Nathan Welker, Daniel Maynes
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Emerging advances in electric-propulsion technology are enabling aircraft to use distributed electric propulsion (DEP) to increase performance and maneuverability. Distributed electric propulsion can also provide unique take-off and landing abilities which are not commonly found on traditional aircraft. The implementation of DEP effectively decreases the spacing between propellers, introducing complex aerodynamic interactions that are not well understood. This study aims to present the findings of the effects of phase offset on the flow fields of synchronized propellers at close-proximity using a particle image velocimetry system. The tip vortex locations and peak vorticities were tracked and plotted for various phase offset …
Steering Colloids Using Chemical Gradients And Model Predictive Control, Mark N. Mcdonald, Cameron K. Peterson, Douglas R. Tree
Steering Colloids Using Chemical Gradients And Model Predictive Control, Mark N. Mcdonald, Cameron K. Peterson, Douglas R. Tree
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Creating the next generation of dynamic colloidal materials that change their structure based on external stimuli may require the capability to precisely manipulate colloidal particles. Colloidal particles can be manipulated using a variety of forces, such as electric, magnetic, and optical, but so far chemical reactions have been neglected. We consider here a novel paradigm for using chemical gradients to precisely manipulate colloidal particles in a microfluidic device. Specifically, we show in simulation that model predictive control can be applied to a set of spatially localized chemical reactions to move a small number of colloidal particles on a circular trajectory.
Modeling The Effects Of Space Travel On The Cardiovascular System Using A Bio-Mimetic In Vitro Hagfish Protein Model Of The Myocardium, Emilee Rickabaugh, Elizabeth Vargis
Modeling The Effects Of Space Travel On The Cardiovascular System Using A Bio-Mimetic In Vitro Hagfish Protein Model Of The Myocardium, Emilee Rickabaugh, Elizabeth Vargis
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Long-term space travel is a harsh experience for the human body. Astronauts exposed to the effects of space travel often experience bone and muscle loss, as well as an increased risk of diseases, including heart disease[1]. While the human heart has shown an impressive ability to adapt to spaceflight, many of the long-term effects on cardiovascular health are unknown [2]. To plan for missions requiring longer flight durations, understanding these effects is neccessary to assess the risk to the astronauts undertaking these missions. However, evaluating these risks is difficult due to the lack of a sufficiently accurate model. While animal …
Using Landsat And Sentinel To Investigate Drivers Of Algal Growth In Utah Lake, Kaylee B. Tanner
Using Landsat And Sentinel To Investigate Drivers Of Algal Growth In Utah Lake, Kaylee B. Tanner
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Earth observation satellites provide a valuable opportunity to study spatial and temporal water quality trends in ways that are not possible with research based on in-situ water sampling. We used data from Sentinel 2 and the Landsat missions to analyze algae blooms on Utah Lake, a large, shallow, freshwater lake in Utah that is experiencing water quality challenges. We found that algae blooms mainly occur in the shallow bays and along the eastern shoreline of the lake, and are correlated with water temperature and turbidity. Our results suggest a need for further research and use of remote sensing data to …
Principles And Categorization Of Compliant Surrogate Folds For Deployable Origami-Inspired Mechanical Systems, Ivyann O. Running, Phebe Ramsdell, Spencer Magleby
Principles And Categorization Of Compliant Surrogate Folds For Deployable Origami-Inspired Mechanical Systems, Ivyann O. Running, Phebe Ramsdell, Spencer Magleby
Utah Space Grant Consortium
Origami principles, patterns, and thickness accommodation techniques have been explored and tested for engineering applications in many fields. Two of the main difficulties of transferring a design from folded paper to thicker, stiffer materials are accommodating thickness and replicating folding motion with surrogate folds. While literature reviews exist for thickness accommodation, it is difficult for a designer to survey and assess work that has been on the subject of surrogate folds. Currently, many engineering origami instances limit themselves to using pin hinges, adjusting all other design parameters to accommodate pure revolute motion. The possibilities for origami design and application are …
Paleotemperature Estimates From Diatom Morphometrics In The Amundsen Sea For Marine Isotope Stage 5, Cesar Lopez
Paleotemperature Estimates From Diatom Morphometrics In The Amundsen Sea For Marine Isotope Stage 5, Cesar Lopez
Honors Capstones
Because of ever rising temperatures driven by anthropogenic climate change, much attention has been given to the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) by the scientific community. This is due to its sensitivity to global climate change and vulnerability for collapse as evidenced by Pleistocene interglacial events. Paleotemperature estimates from the Amundsen Sea are crucial for understanding how global temperature changes impacted WAIS throughout the Pleistocene. Marine Isotope Stage 5 (MIS 5) is of particular interest as it contains different substages and intervals of fluctuating temperatures. This period also is estimated to have had temperatures equal to, or slightly higher than …