Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Principles And Categorization Of Compliant Surrogate Folds For Deployable Origami-Inspired Mechanical Systems, Ivyann O. Running, Phebe Ramsdell, Spencer Magleby

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Origami principles, patterns, and thickness accommodation techniques have been explored and tested for engineering applications in many fields. Two of the main difficulties of transferring a design from folded paper to thicker, stiffer materials are accommodating thickness and replicating folding motion with surrogate folds. While literature reviews exist for thickness accommodation, it is difficult for a designer to survey and assess work that has been on the subject of surrogate folds. Currently, many engineering origami instances limit themselves to using pin hinges, adjusting all other design parameters to accommodate pure revolute motion. The possibilities for origami design and application are …

Paleotemperature Estimates From Diatom Morphometrics In The Amundsen Sea For Marine Isotope Stage 5, Cesar Lopez

Honors Capstones

Because of ever rising temperatures driven by anthropogenic climate change, much attention has been given to the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) by the scientific community. This is due to its sensitivity to global climate change and vulnerability for collapse as evidenced by Pleistocene interglacial events. Paleotemperature estimates from the Amundsen Sea are crucial for understanding how global temperature changes impacted WAIS throughout the Pleistocene. Marine Isotope Stage 5 (MIS 5) is of particular interest as it contains different substages and intervals of fluctuating temperatures. This period also is estimated to have had temperatures equal to, or slightly higher than …

Observational Study Of Organisational Responses Of 17 Us Hospitals Over The First Year Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Esther K. Choo, Matthew Strehlow, Marina Del Rios, Evrim Oral, Ruth Pobee, Andrew Nugent, Stephen Lim, Christian Hext, Sarah Newhall, Diana Ko, Srihari V. Chari, Amy Wilson, Joshua J. Baugh, David Callaway, Mucio Kit Delgado, Zoe Glick, Christian J. Graulty, Nicholas Hall, Abdusebur Jemal, Madhav Kc, Aditya Mahadevan, Milap Mehta, Andrew C. Meltzer, Dar'ya Pozhidayeva, Daniel Resnick-Ault

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has required significant modifications of hospital care. The objective of this study was to examine the operational approaches taken by US hospitals over time in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, setting and participants This was a prospective observational study of 17 geographically diverse US hospitals from February 2020 to February 2021. Outcomes and analysis We identified 42 potential pandemic-related strategies and obtained week-to-week data about their use. We calculated descriptive statistics for use of each strategy and plotted percent uptake and weeks used. We assessed the relationship between strategy use and hospital type, geographic region …

Using Deep Learning Model To Identify Iron Chlorosis In Plants, Munir Majdalawieh, Shafaq Khan, Md. T. Islam

All Works

Iron deficiency in plants causes iron chlorosis which frequently occurs in soils that are alkaline (pH greater than 7.0) and that contain lime. This deficiency turns affected plant leaves to yellow, or with brown edges in advanced stages. The goal of this research is to use the deep learning model to identify a nutrient deficiency in plant leaves and perform soil analysis to identify the cause of the deficiency. Two pre-trained deep learning models, Single Shot Detector (SSD) MobileNet v2 and EfficientDet D0, are used to complete this task via transfer learning. This research also contrasts the architecture and performance …

Halide Exchange And Transport In Halide Perovskite Lattices, Temban Acha Billy

Department of Chemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In recent years, metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) have risen quickly to prominence as promising materials across a variety of fields, from photovoltaics to optoelectronics in general. We show here a facile solution growth for creating a variety of mixed halide MAPbBr_3-xI_x crystals, which we will use to study halide exchange and transport in halide perovskites. We generated a calibration curve between the optical response and chemical composition in mixed Br/I MHPs at room temperature. All mixed Br/I MHP crystals were subjected to measurements of photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. A subset of mixed-halide MHP crystals exhibited multiple emission …

An Analysis Of All-Cause Mortality On Patients With Sickle Cell Disease And Kidney Disease Using Propensity Score Matching, Adam Garrison

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this work, we provide an overview of the Cox proportional hazards model for time to event or survival analysis and the notion of propensity score matching to deal with confounding factors. A full analysis is reported in Chapter 2 concerning mortality for in-center dialysis patients with sickle cell disease to demonstrate the application of a general analysis strategy that has some logistical benefits over more traditional approaches to accounting for confounding variables. We also provide some insight and discussions on the challenges and future research questions that will emerge when trying to implement this strategy as a monitoring tool …

Draft Final 2023 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Clark Park Soil Remedial Action Work Plan (Rawp), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Partial Coalescence Of Cdse/Cds Core/Shell Nanocrystals, Jordyn Wray

Honors Program Theses and Research Projects

Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals that are a few nanometers in size that have different optical and electrical properties depending on size and shape. Some applications that quantum dots are used for, include, lasers, quantum computing, and solar cells. The goal of the research was to fuse cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide (CdSe/CdS) core shells into dimers to increase the communication between particles in these applications. The CdSe were synthesized to 3 nm cores. Various procedures were used for CdSe/CdS synthesis, but the best performing sample contained 5 nm particles in diameter and a promising size for fusion. A metal salt …

Small Community Water Systems Have The Highest Prevalence Of Mn In Drinking Water In California, Usa, Miranda Aiken, Samantha C. Ying

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Manganese (Mn) is currently regulated as a secondary contaminant in California, USA; however, recent revisions of the World Health Organization drinking water guidelines have increased regulatory attention of Mn in drinking water due to increasing reports of neurotoxic effects in infants and children. In this study, Mn concentrations reported to California’s Safe Drinking Water Information System were used to estimate the potentially exposed population within California based on system size. We estimate that between 2011 and 2021, over 525,000 users in areas with reported Mn data are potentially exposed to Mn concentrations exceeding the WHO health-based guideline (80 μg L …

Product Review Classification Using Machine Learning And Statistical Data Analysis, Kajal Singh

Independent Student Projects and Publications

The aim of the paper is to implement and analyze the machine learning models for product review dataset. The project focuses on binary classification, multi-class classification, and clustering approaches to analyze and categorize product reviews. The performance of the models over each of the five classification tasks is measured by the 5-fold cross-validation scores over the training data.

Pixel-Wise Machine Learning And Deep Learning Methods Implementation On Multi-Class Wildfire Mapping, Mingda Wu

Honors Capstones

Wildfires are destructive natural hazards. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a trendy topic in recent years due to its powerful applicability. This study focuses on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in hazard management, specifically in the field of wildfire mapping. Machine learning and Deep learning are two subsets of AI. This study applied pixel-wise machine learning and deep learning methods to do multi-class mapping on two wildfire events in California, USA. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the usefulness and advantages of using AI in the field of hazard management. The machine learning methods selected are Random …

A Generalization Of The Chomsky-Halle Phonetic Representation Using Real Numbers For Robust Speech Recognition In Noisy Environments, Peter Z. Revesz

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

Speech recognition is difficult when the speech signal is weak or occurs in a noisy environment. This paper presents an efficient and robust method that can reconstruct the standard pronunciation of English phonemes and words given a weak or noisy signal. The reconstruction is based on a novel representation of the reconstruction task as a problem of data retrieval from a database in two different cases: (1) when the phonemes are represented in the database as binary tuples and the input is also a binary tuple from which deletion errors occur, and (2) when the phonemes are represented in the …

Time Series Analysis Of Major League Baseball Organizations’ Fan Attendance, Joseph Molis

Honors Program Theses and Projects

Throughout baseball’s rich and long history, fans have been one of the most integral parts of the game. However, in recent years, baseball has seen a decrease in fans, allegedly due to the pace of play, or the length of games. Baseball games can take up to four hours to complete, and in today’s fast-moving society where all information is at one’s fingertips, it is believed that baseball’s slower pace turns people away from the game. However, how true is that? The primary goal of this project is to build models to accurately forecast fan attendance for every Major League …

Structure-Guided Mutagenesis Reveals The Catalytic Residue That Controls The Regiospecificity Of C6-Indole Prenyltransferases, Ahmed R. Aoun, Nagaraju Mupparapu, Diem N. Nguyen, Tae Ho Kim, Christopher M. Nguyen, Zhengfeiyue Pan, Sherif I. Elshahawi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Indole is a significant structural moiety and functionalization of the C−H bond in indole-containing molecules expands their chemical space, and modifies their properties and/or activities. Indole prenyltransferases (IPTs) catalyze the direct regiospecific installation of prenyl moieties on indole-derived compounds. IPTs have shown relaxed substrate flexibility enabling them to be used as tools for indole functionalization. However, the mechanism by which certain IPTs target a specific carbon position is not fully understood. Herein, we use structure-guided site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro enzymatic reactions, kinetics and structural-elucidation of analogs to verify the key catalytic residues that control the regiospecificity of all characterized regiospecific …

Blockchain Security: Double-Spending Attack And Prevention, William Henry Scott Iii

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis shows that distributed consensus systems based on proof of work are vulnerable to hashrate-based double-spending attacks due to abuse of majority rule. Through building a private fork of Litecoin and executing a double-spending attack this thesis examines the mechanics and principles behind the attack. This thesis also conducts a survey of preventative measures used to deter double-spending attacks, concluding that a decentralized peer-to-peer network using proof of work is best protected by the addition of an observer system whether internal or external.

Near-Term Effects Of Perennial Grasses On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen In Eastern Nebraska, Salvador Ramirez Ii, Marty R. Schmer, Virginia L. Jin, Robert B. Mitchell, Kent M. Eskridge

Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications

Incorporating native perennial grasses adjacent to annual row crop systems managed on marginal lands can increase system resiliency by diversifying food and energy production. This study evaluated (1) soil organic C (SOC) and total N stocks (TN) under warm-season grass (WSG) monocultures and a low diversity mixture compared to an adjacent no-till continuous-corn system, and (2) WSG total above-ground biomass (AGB) in response to two levels of N fertilization from 2012 to 2017 in eastern Nebraska, USA. The WSG treatments consisted of (1) switchgrass (SWG), (2) big bluestem (BGB), and (3) low-diversity grass mixture (LDM; big bluestem, Indiangrass, and sideoat …

Investigation Of The Sheep Creek Carbonatites, Ravalli County, Montana, Sarah Risedorf

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

Carbonatite-related REE-Nb mineralization in southern Ravalli County, Montana was first discovered in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Over 30 discontinuous carbonatite bodies occur in a ~ 10 km² area centered on Sheep Creek, a tributary to the headwaters of the West Fork of the Bitterroot River (WFBR). The deposits are contained in a belt that extends to the southeast into the Mineral Hill district of Lemhi County, Idaho. Country rocks include a deformed and metamorphosed bimodal igneous suite of diabase and A-type granite, both dated to 1.37 Ga by previous workers. These rocks are locally metamorphosed to amphibolite …

Soft Law 2.0: An Agile And Effective Governance Approach For Artificial Intelligence, Gary Marchant, Carlos Ignacio Gutierrez

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

Inter-Rater Reliability Of Statistics Based On Reconstructed Individual Patient Data From Published Kaplan-Meier Curves, Megan E. Smith

Theses & Dissertations

Introduction: Time-to-event outcomes include two elements: an indicator variable for whether the event has taken place, and the length of time from some origin point to the occurrence of the event of interest. Due to the complexity of these data, secondary analysis methods, such as indirect comparisons and meta-analysis, are easier to perform when individual-level patient data (IPD) is available.

Objectives: In 2021, an R package IPDfromKM was published, which contains an algorithm for reconstructing IPD from a Kaplan-Meier graph. The current research aimed to investigate the reproducibility of the IPDfromKM algorithm.

Methods: Three statisticians (MS, LS, …

Do Plants Have The Cognitive Complexity For Sentience?, Ricard V. Solé

Animal Sentience

Are plants sentient? Like other aspects of the cognitive potential of plants, this is a controversial issue, often driven by analogies and seldom supported on solid theoretical grounds. Sentience is understood in cognitive sciences as the capacity to feel. I suggest that because of plants’ evolved adaptations to morphological plasticity, sessile nature and ecological constraints, they are unlikely to have the requisite cognitive complexity for sentience.

Restrictions On Topological Symmetry Groups Of The 3-Rung Möbius Ladder On The Torus, Logan Willhoite

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this work, we discuss properties of the 3-rung Möbius ladder embedded on the surface of a torus. We present proofs on restrictions of topological symmetry groups of the Möbius ladder with and without the assumption of preserving orientation. Specifically, we show that Z₂ is the only possible non-trivial orientation-preserving topological symmetry groups, and also that Z₂ and D₂ are the only possible nontrivial topological symmetry groups.

Constructing Spanning Sets Of Affine Algebraic Curvature Tensors, Stephen J. Kelly

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

In this paper, we construct two spanning sets for the affine algebraic curvature tensors. We then prove that every 2-dimensional affine algebraic curvature tensor can be represented by a single element from either of the two spanning sets. This paper provides a means to study affine algebraic curvature tensors in a geometric and algebraic manner similar to previous studies of canonical algebraic curvature tensors.

A Note On The Involutive Concordance Invariants For Certain (1,1)-Knots, Anna Antal, Sarah Pritchard

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

A knot K is a smooth embedding of the circle into the three-dimensional sphere; two knots are said to be concordant if they form the boundary of an annulus properly embedded into the product of the three-sphere with an interval. Heegaard Floer knot homology is an invariant of knots introduced by P. Ozsváth and Z. Szabó in the early 2000's which associates to a knot a filtered chain complex CFK(K), which improves on classical invariants of the knot. Involutive Heegaard Floer homology is a variant theory introduced in 2015 by K. Hendricks and C. Manolescu which additionally considers a chain …

Post Wildfire Vegetation Response To The Wildland-Urban Interface: A Case Study Of The Station Fire, Angelo C. De Guzman, Raju Bista, Parveen K. Chhetri

CSU Journal of Sustainability and Climate Change

In the past, wildfires served as a method for mother nature to promote biodiversity and to help maintain a functioning ecosystem. However, climate change alters the fire regime, significantly impacting vegetation recovery. Human disturbances and increased land use and land cover heighten vegetation disruption and abundance after a fire. Wildland-urban interface (WUI) – the region where the vegetation intermingles with the roads, houses, and human-made structures – threatens vegetation and the human population. Overall vegetation recovery after the Station Fire of 2009 spread through the San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles County was observed using Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Normalized Difference …

Energy And Climate Change Issues Around Csudh, Alex E. Perez, Tara B. Jones, Raju Bista, Parveen K. Chhetri

CSU Journal of Sustainability and Climate Change

Climate change is posing significant challenges to California’s energy sector. Extreme weather events (heat and cold) may pressure existing infrastructure. Many studies have indicated that extreme climate events would impact the energy system by affecting peak electricity demand. However, very few studies have been conducted to understand how disadvantaged communities (DACs) will be impacted. Because of unequal access to energy infrastructure (electricity generation and battery storage), DACs are more vulnerable to power outages due to the rising number of significant weather events caused by climate change. To address the issue of how DACs are disproportionately affected by climate change-related energy …

Full Issue, Volume 2

CSU Journal of Sustainability and Climate Change

Full issue of volume 2.

Procedural Level Generation For A Top-Down Roguelike Game, Kieran Ahn, Tyler Edmiston

Honors Thesis

In this file, I present a sequence of algorithms that handle procedural level generation for the game Fragment, a game designed for CMSI 4071 and CMSI 4071 in collaboration with students from the LMU Animation department. I use algorithms inspired by graph theory and implementing best practices to the best of my ability. The full level generation sequence is comprised of four algorithms: the terrain generation, boss room placement, player spawn point selection, and enemy population. The terrain generation algorithm takes advantage of tree traversal methods to create a connected graph of walkable tiles. The boss room placement algorithm randomly …

Do Integrated Circuits Make For An Integrated Supply Chain? A Network Analysis Of Trade Flows, Noah Martens

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Integrated circuits (colloquially referred to as chips) are an increasingly critical commodity experiencing continuous and substantial rises in demand. These increases in demand recently resulted in shortages. This paper seeks to understand the market for chips and construct a framework by which a network analysis of trade flows can evaluate concentration in the international market for a particular product category. Leveraging this framework and proposing a new model, I evaluate the level and nature of concentration in the chips sector, as well as two key inputs to the manufacturing process, silicon and chip fabricators. I find moderate-to-high levels of concentration …

Microwave Regeneration And Thermal And Oxidative Stability Of Imidazolium Cyanopyrrolide Ionic Liquid For Direct Air Capture Of Carbon Dioxide, Yun-Yang Lee, Eda Cagli, Aidan Klemm, Ruth Dikki

Faculty Scholarship

Understanding the oxidative and thermal degradation of CO2 sorbents is essential for assessing long-term sorbent stability in direct air capture (DAC). The potential degradation pathway of imidazolium cyanopyrrolide, an ionic liquid (IL) functionalized for superior CO2 capacity and selectivity, is evaluated under accelerated degradation conditions to elucidate the secondary reactions that can occur during repetitive absorption-desorption thermal-swing cycles. The combined analysis from various spectroscopic, chromatographic, and thermal gravimetric measurements indicated that radical and SN2 mechanisms in degradation are encouraged by the nucleophilicity of the anion. Thickening of the liquid and gas evolution are accompanied by 50 % reduction in CO2 …

Uncover The Underground : Distribution And Population Status Of Blind Snakes And Bogadek’S Burrowing Lizards, Man Ho Chan

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

Globally, 28% of the reptiles are fossorial. Fossorial reptiles, which perform important ecological functions, such as being ecosystem engineers, top predators and bioindicators, are indispensable members of the soil ecosystem. However, the ecology of fossorial reptiles is relatively little known because of their cryptic behavior and rarity. In Hong Kong, there are four species of fossorial reptile, three of which are rare and of potential conservation concern. Among the four fossorial reptile species that occur in Hong Kong, Indotyphlops lazelli and Dibamus bogadeki, are endemic to Hong Kong and are globally threatened species. On the other hand, the distribution …