Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 14641 - 14670 of 302480

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Biochar As A Lake Management Option For Harmful Algal Blooms: Lab Experiments And Bioassays, Brittany Mc Intyre May 2023

Biochar As A Lake Management Option For Harmful Algal Blooms: Lab Experiments And Bioassays, Brittany Mc Intyre

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are an increasing global concern for water management due to their increased frequency, distribution, and toxin production. In freshwaters the growth of cyanobacteria (commonly known as blue-green algae), due to anthropogenic nutrient enrichment is the primary driver of HABS; these are often referred to as cyanoHABs. The management of cyanoHABs should be focused on in the watershed through best management and conservation practices or the physical, chemical and biomanipulation of the lake or reservoir that is experiencing these blooms. In this study, we examine the use of biochar as an option for the management or treatment …


Dpd Guided Insight On The Formation Process Of Polyethersulfone Membranes By Nonsolvent Induced Phase Separation And The Effects Of Additives, Eric Ledieu May 2023

Dpd Guided Insight On The Formation Process Of Polyethersulfone Membranes By Nonsolvent Induced Phase Separation And The Effects Of Additives, Eric Ledieu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), a coarse grain simulation method, was applied to the membrane formation process of non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) to gain further insight on the mechanism of certain variables and how they affect the final morphology. NIPS involves two solutions, an organic polymer dissolved in an organic solvent colloquially called the dope and an aqueous coagulation bath, brought into contact with one another. The solvents then mix, causing the polymer to fall out of solution as an asymmetric membrane with a dense surface layer and a more open subsurface layer in response to the decreasing solubility. Polyethersulfone …


The Terroir Of Swiss Cheese: A Temporal And Geomorphological Investigation Of The Martian Co2 Sublimation Pits, Racine D. Cleveland May 2023

The Terroir Of Swiss Cheese: A Temporal And Geomorphological Investigation Of The Martian Co2 Sublimation Pits, Racine D. Cleveland

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Observations by NASA Mars Global Surveyor showed evidence of rough topography on the South Pole of Mars. The topography is the result of CO2 sublimation processes that occur through the changing seasons on the red planet. These sublimation areas are known to scientists as Swiss Cheese Features (SCF). SCF are erosional degradation pits that have been studied for over two decades. Studies show that these SCF increase in area over time, but these values are collected by hand on a per feature basis. Models for the pit evolution have also played a part in understanding these SCF. This work is …


Achieving Causal Fairness In Recommendation, Wen Huang May 2023

Achieving Causal Fairness In Recommendation, Wen Huang

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Recommender systems provide personalized services for users seeking information and play an increasingly important role in online applications. While most research papers focus on inventing machine learning algorithms to fit user behavior data and maximizing predictive performance in recommendation, it is also very important to develop fairness-aware machine learning algorithms such that the decisions made by them are not only accurate but also meet desired fairness requirements. In personalized recommendation, although there are many works focusing on fairness and discrimination, how to achieve user-side fairness in bandit recommendation from a causal perspective still remains a challenging task. Besides, the deployed …


Consumer Valuation And Preferences For Sustainably Produced Rice In Ghana, Vera Adabrah-Danquah May 2023

Consumer Valuation And Preferences For Sustainably Produced Rice In Ghana, Vera Adabrah-Danquah

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Sustainable agricultural production is a systematic concept that integrates environmental health, economic profitability, and social/economic equity goals. Improving the sustainability of food production is of utmost importance to the human race, given the growing population and the increased depletion of natural resources. Improving sustainability is particularly important for rice, a global food staple with a significant environmental footprint. Rice accounts for 10% of global methane emissions. The Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) standard is the first globally recognized certified sustainable production standard for rice. This study focuses on consumers' preferences for sustainable rice in Ghana, including consumers’ perceptions of different SRP's …


Exploring Ferroelectric Phenomena In Batio3, Linbo3, And Liznsb: From Extended Oxygen Vacancies To Tri-Stable Polarization And Giant Hyperferroelectricity, Shaohui Qiu May 2023

Exploring Ferroelectric Phenomena In Batio3, Linbo3, And Liznsb: From Extended Oxygen Vacancies To Tri-Stable Polarization And Giant Hyperferroelectricity, Shaohui Qiu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents three projects that investigate the complex phenomena of ferroelectricity under different conditions in BaTiO3, LiNbO3, and LiZnSb using first-principles density functional calculations. Extended defects in ferroelectric solids play a crucial role in reducing the lifetime and performance of ferroelectric devices by causing fatigue, domain pinning, and aging. Thus, understanding their impact is of critical importance for the development of reliable and high-performance ferroelectric devices. In addition, hyperferroelectricity is an intriguing phenomenon that has attracted much attention in recent years. Despite the existence of depolarization field, spontaneous polarization persists under an open-circuit boundary condition (OCBC), making hyperferroelectric materials …


Asymptotic Properties And Separation Rates For Navier-Stokes Flows, Patrick Michael Phelps May 2023

Asymptotic Properties And Separation Rates For Navier-Stokes Flows, Patrick Michael Phelps

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, we investigate asymptotic properties of local energy solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations and develop an application which controls the separation of non-unique solutions in this class. Specifically, we quantify the rate at which two, possibly unique solutions evolving from the same data may separate pointwise away from a singularity. This is motivated by recent results on non-uniqueness for forced and unforced Navier-Stokes and analytical and numerical evidence suggesting non-uniqueness in the Leray class. Our investigation begins with discretely self-similar solutions known to exist globally in time and to be regular outside a space-time paraboloid. We prove decay …


Insights Into Star Formation And Agn Activity In Protocluster Environments From Morphological Studies And Sed Fitting, Erik B. Monson May 2023

Insights Into Star Formation And Agn Activity In Protocluster Environments From Morphological Studies And Sed Fitting, Erik B. Monson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation I present work done from 2018-2023 to investigate the growth of galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBH) in high redshift overdensities (protoclusters) by studying the star-forming galaxy and active galactic nucleus (AGN) population in the SSA22 protocluster. I examined possible environmental sources of the enhanced star formation and AGN activity in the z = 3.09 SSA22 protocluster using Hubble WFC3 ∼ 1.6 μm observations of the SSA22 field, including new observations centered on eight X-ray selected protocluster AGN. To investigate the role of mergers in the observed AGN and star formation enhancement, quantitative and visual morphological classifications …


Understanding And Tuning Magnetism In Van Der Waals Magnetic Compounds, Rabindra Basnet May 2023

Understanding And Tuning Magnetism In Van Der Waals Magnetic Compounds, Rabindra Basnet

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) magnetism has attracted intensive attention due to possible magnetic phenomenon arising from 2D magnetism and their promising potential for spintronics applications. The advances in 2D magnetism have motivated the study of layered magnetic materials, and further enhanced our ability to tune their magnetic properties. Among various layered magnets, tunable magnetism has been widely investigated in metal thiophosphates MPX3. It is a class of magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials with antiferromagnetic ordering persisting down to atomically thin limit. Their magnetism originates from the localized moments due to 3d electrons in transition metal ions. So, their …


On The Impact Of Inclination-Dependent Attenuation On The Derived Star Formation Histories Of Disk Galaxies, Keith Doore May 2023

On The Impact Of Inclination-Dependent Attenuation On The Derived Star Formation Histories Of Disk Galaxies, Keith Doore

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The physical properties of a galaxy (e.g., its star-formation history and dust content) regulate the distribution of light that is emitted by stars and attenuated by the interstellar gas and dust. This attenuation by dust can have a significant impact on the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) of a disk galaxy, especially when taking into account its viewing angle (i.e., inclination). For example, as the inclination angle of a galactic disk changes from face-on to edge-on (i.e., i = 0 deg to i = 90 deg), the proportion of light that is attenuated along the line of sight increases, due …


Potential Control Of Invasive Mesquite Through Improving The Consumer’S Understanding Of Liquid Smoke Applications., Seth W. Ellsworth May 2023

Potential Control Of Invasive Mesquite Through Improving The Consumer’S Understanding Of Liquid Smoke Applications., Seth W. Ellsworth

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Mesquite trees continue to invade forests and range lands in many countries across the world. The cost to remove these trees is staggering. In Texas, landowners spent $25 million over a 10- year period to clear 300,000 ha of mesquite trees, a fraction of the 22 million ha of Texas land affected by this invasion. Estimates are that the mesquite continues to negatively impact one to two percent of additional land in selected counties each year in Texas. However, the problem is not unique to Texas, but rather to the 44 species of mesquite trees, belonging to the genus Prosopis …


Effects Of Landscape And Yard Features On Mammals In Residential Yards In Northwest Arkansas, Emily Johansson May 2023

Effects Of Landscape And Yard Features On Mammals In Residential Yards In Northwest Arkansas, Emily Johansson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The human footprint is rapidly expanding, and wildlife habitat is continuously being converted to human residential properties. Most wildlife residing in developing areas are displaced to nearby undeveloped areas. However, some animals can coexist with humans and acquire the necessary resources (food, water, shelter) within the human environment. This may be particularly true when development is low intensity, as in suburban yards. Due to the wide variety in how homeowners utilize their yards, they can be considered individually managed “greenspaces.” These yards can provide a range of food (e.g., bird feeders, compost, gardens), water (bird baths and garden ponds), and …


Improving Classification In Single And Multi-View Images, Hadi Kanaan Hadi Salman May 2023

Improving Classification In Single And Multi-View Images, Hadi Kanaan Hadi Salman

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Image classification is a sub-field of computer vision that focuses on identifying objects within digital images. In order to improve image classification we must address the following areas of improvement: 1) Single and Multi-View data quality using data pre-processing techniques. 2) Enhancing deep feature learning to extract alternative representation of the data. 3) Improving decision or prediction of labels. This dissertation presents a series of four published papers that explore different improvements of image classification. In our first paper, we explore the Siamese network architecture to create a Convolution Neural Network based similarity metric. We learn the priority features that …


Evaluation Of Hydrogeochemical Characteristics Of San Joaquin, Tulare, And Mojave Aquifers, Southern California, Maedeh Hassanvand May 2023

Evaluation Of Hydrogeochemical Characteristics Of San Joaquin, Tulare, And Mojave Aquifers, Southern California, Maedeh Hassanvand

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Before making attempts to enhance and manage the quality of water, a thorough understanding of these processes is necessary since the chemical quality of groundwater is impacted by a number of linked processes. This would be more important in arid and semiarid regions like the southern part of California where more rely on groundwater for agriculture and drinking water uses than the other states. As a result, fundamental knowledge of the governing processes of groundwater chemistry is required for effective water resource management. Thus, this study is primarily concerned with three aspects in Mojave, Tulare, and San Joaquin aquifers: The …


The Six Emotional Dimension (6de) Model: A Multidimensional Approach To Analyzing Human Emotions And Unlocking The Potential Of Emotionally Intelligent Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Via Large Language Models (Llm), Jay Ratican, James Hutson May 2023

The Six Emotional Dimension (6de) Model: A Multidimensional Approach To Analyzing Human Emotions And Unlocking The Potential Of Emotionally Intelligent Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Via Large Language Models (Llm), Jay Ratican, James Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) research, particularly in training large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's ChatGPT 3.5 and 4, hold significant potential for future applications in education, healthcare, and assisted living. Emotionally intelligent AI systems can provide personalized and adaptive educational experiences, enhancing engagement and educational outcomes. In healthcare, they can offer empathetic mental health support, augmenting existing resources. In assisted living, AI companions can provide emotional support, cognitive stimulation, and monitoring services, promoting independence and safety. However, ethical considerations and privacy safeguards are crucial to ensure responsible deployment. Integrating emotionally intelligent AI in these domains has …


Colefunda: Explainable Silent Vulnerability Fix Identification, Jiayuan Zhou, Michael Pacheco, Jinfu Chen, Xing Hu, Xin Xia, David Lo, Ahmed E. Hassan May 2023

Colefunda: Explainable Silent Vulnerability Fix Identification, Jiayuan Zhou, Michael Pacheco, Jinfu Chen, Xing Hu, Xin Xia, David Lo, Ahmed E. Hassan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

It is common practice for OSS users to leverage and monitor security advisories to discover newly disclosed OSS vulnerabilities and their corresponding patches for vulnerability remediation. It is common for vulnerability fixes to be publicly available one week earlier than their disclosure. This gap in time provides an opportunity for attackers to exploit the vulnerability. Hence, OSS users need to sense the fix as early as possible so that the vulnerability can be remediated before it is exploited. However, it is common for OSS to adopt a vulnerability disclosure policy which causes the majority of vulnerabilities to be fixed silently, …


Source Code Plagiarism Detection Using Jplag & Stack Overflow Data, Sudheer Yetthapu May 2023

Source Code Plagiarism Detection Using Jplag & Stack Overflow Data, Sudheer Yetthapu

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Advancements in computer technology and internet services have led to the availability of vast amounts of information like videos, articles, research papers, and code samples. Free online information will increase the possibility of plagiarism and collusion among students. People can commit plagiarism in both text and code [1], as tools used to detect plagiarism between texts and between codes are distinct. Traditionally plagiarism in code is detected using manual inspection, which is a tedious process and misses to compare code from previous submissions and external sources. To overcome this issue, systems that can automatically detect plagiarism in code were developed …


Chaos Engineering For Microservices, Arunkumar Akuthota May 2023

Chaos Engineering For Microservices, Arunkumar Akuthota

Culminating Projects in Computer Science and Information Technology

Chaos engineering is a relatively new concept that is growing in popularity as it helps companies to be more resilient in the face of unexpected networking or software failure. The idea behind chaos engineering is that if you can create controlled failures, you can discover where your system is weak and then fix those weaknesses before something happens to your production environment. This research has been done on microservices, which are small pieces of code that perform specific tasks on behalf of a larger application. Microservices are often hosted on different servers and run by different teams, so they are …


Information-Theoretic Model Diagnostics (Infomod), Armin Esmaeilzadeh May 2023

Information-Theoretic Model Diagnostics (Infomod), Armin Esmaeilzadeh

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Model validation is a critical step in the development, deployment, and governance of machine learning models. During the validation process, the predictive power of a model is measured on unseen datasets with a variety of metrics such as Accuracy and F1-Scores for classification tasks. Although the most used metrics are easy to implement and understand, they are aggregate measures over all the segments of heterogeneous datasets, and therefore, they do not identify the performance variation of a model among different data segments. The lack of insight into how the model performs over segments of unseen datasets has raised significant challenges …


Modeling Accuracy Matters: Aligning Molecular Dynamics With 2d Nmr Derived Noe Restraints, Milan Patel May 2023

Modeling Accuracy Matters: Aligning Molecular Dynamics With 2d Nmr Derived Noe Restraints, Milan Patel

Honors Scholar Theses

Among structural biology techniques, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) provides a holistic view of structure that is close to protein structure in situ. Namely, NMR imaging allows for the solution state of the protein to be observed, derived from Nuclear Overhauser Effect restraints (NOEs). NOEs are a distance range in which hydrogen pairs are observed to stay within range of, and therefore experimental data which computational models can be compared against. To that end, we investigated the effects of adding the NOE restraints as distance restraints in Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations on the 24 residue HP24stab derived villin headpiece subdomain to …


Mechanism Of Hairpin Vortex Formation By Liutex, Yifei Yu May 2023

Mechanism Of Hairpin Vortex Formation By Liutex, Yifei Yu

Mathematics Dissertations

Turbulence is still a mystery for human after more than one century’s development of fluid dynamics. Hairpin vortex formation is regarded as an essential process for a laminar flow transition to the turbulent flow. A new correct third generation vortex identification method, Liutex, was proposed in 2018, which can represent local rotation direction and reveal the local angular speed correctly. Using this powerful tool, the mechanism of hairpin vortex formation is re-examined. This dissertation (1) explains the mechanism of hairpin vortex formation by solving Orr-Sommerfeld equation using Chebyshev spectrum method (2) observes the DNS result of flat plate boundary layer …


Cohen-Macaulay Properties Of Closed Neighborhood Ideals, Jackson Leaman May 2023

Cohen-Macaulay Properties Of Closed Neighborhood Ideals, Jackson Leaman

All Theses

This thesis investigates Cohen-Macaulay properties of squarefree monomial ideals, which is an important line of inquiry in the field of combinatorial commutative algebra. A famous example of this is Villareal’s edge ideal [11]: given a finite simple graph G with vertices x1, . . . , xn, the edge ideal of G is generated by all the monomials of the form xixj where xi and xj are adjacent in G. Villareal’s characterization of Cohen-Macaulay edge ideals associated to trees is an often-cited result in the literature. This was extended to chordal and bipartite graphs by Herzog, Hibi, and Zheng in …


Individual Differences In Vulnerability To Phishing, Fake News, And Vishing, Jeff Black May 2023

Individual Differences In Vulnerability To Phishing, Fake News, And Vishing, Jeff Black

All Theses

Digital deception, such as phishing emails, scam phone calls, and fake news, poses a threat to anyone using digital devices. Research on digital deception often points to individual differences like age, cognitive impulsivity, and digital literacy, but has only investigated different types of digital deception independent of each other. Therefore, it is unclear whether users vulnerable to one type of deception are also vulnerable to others, and why. The present research examined relationships between vulnerability to different types of deception, and how this vulnerability is associated with common individual differences like age, cognitive impulsivity, digital literacy, and gullibility, and exploratory …


Net-Zero Target And Emissions From Land Conversions: A Case Study Of Maryland's Climate Solutions Now Act, Philip Hutton May 2023

Net-Zero Target And Emissions From Land Conversions: A Case Study Of Maryland's Climate Solutions Now Act, Philip Hutton

All Theses

Many climate change “solution” plans include net-zero goals, which involve balancing the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) with their removal. Achieving net-zero goals is particularly problematic for soils because they are often excluded from GHG inventories and reduction plans. For example, Maryland’s Climate Solutions Now Act (Senate Bill 528) put forward a target of net-zero emissions by 2045. To achieve these goals, the state of Maryland (MD) needs to quantify GHG emissions. Soils are currently excluded from MD’s GHG assessments. This study examines the challenges in meeting net-zero goals by using carbon dioxide (CO2). The current study quantified …


The Fate Of Fraxinus Spp. In New Jersey : A Physioeconomic Evaluation Of The Forest System And Infrastructure Implications, Erik W. Lyttek May 2023

The Fate Of Fraxinus Spp. In New Jersey : A Physioeconomic Evaluation Of The Forest System And Infrastructure Implications, Erik W. Lyttek

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Though the impacts of pest infestation on forested ecosystems vary, the natural factors that facilitate outbreaks are of concern across multiple disciplines across the USA, affecting such diverse fields as economics, ecology, hydrology, atmospheric sciences, and pedology. Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) is a typical example of an aggressive invasive forest pest; it has proven difficult to eliminate, resistant to natural predators, and damaging to local flora. EAB has recently proliferated through the northern and mid-western forests of the USA, devastating the native population of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.), and has invaded an estimated 28% of all susceptible trees. In New …


Evaluating The Problem Solving Abilities Of Chatgpt, Fankun Zeng May 2023

Evaluating The Problem Solving Abilities Of Chatgpt, Fankun Zeng

McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This thesis addresses the need for a fair evaluation of language models' problem solving abilities by presenting a unified evaluation framework for ChatGPT on 16 problem solving datasets (e.g., NaturalQA, HellaSwag, MMLU, etc.). We evaluate the model's performance using F1, exact match, and quasi-exact match metrics and find that ChatGPT is highly accurate in solving tasks that require commonsense and knowledge. However, we also identify truncated text bias and few-shot scenarios as challenges that may impact ChatGPT's performance. Our research highlights the importance of standardizing datasets and developing a unified evaluation system for the fair evaluation of language models. Overall, …


Quantum Multi-Solution Bernoulli Search With Applications To Bitcoin’S Post-Quantum Security, Alexandru Cojocaru, Juan Garay, Fang Song, Petros Wallden May 2023

Quantum Multi-Solution Bernoulli Search With Applications To Bitcoin’S Post-Quantum Security, Alexandru Cojocaru, Juan Garay, Fang Song, Petros Wallden

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

A proof of work (PoW) is an important cryptographic construct which enables a party to convince other parties that they have invested some effort in solving a computational task. Arguably, its main impact has been in the setting of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and its underlying blockchain protocol, which have received significant attention in recent years due to its potential for various applications as well as for solving fundamental distributed computing questions in novel threat models. PoWs enable the linking of blocks in the blockchain data structure, and thus the problem of interest is the feasibility of obtaining a sequence …


Learning-Based Stock Trending Prediction By Incorporating Technical Indicators And Social Media Sentiment, Zhaoxia Wang, Zhenda Hu, Fang Li, Seng-Beng Ho, Erik Cambria May 2023

Learning-Based Stock Trending Prediction By Incorporating Technical Indicators And Social Media Sentiment, Zhaoxia Wang, Zhenda Hu, Fang Li, Seng-Beng Ho, Erik Cambria

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Stock trending prediction is a challenging task due to its dynamic and nonlinear characteristics. With the development of social platform and artificial intelligence (AI), incorporating timely news and social media information into stock trending models becomes possible. However, most of the existing works focus on classification or regression problems when predicting stock market trending without fully considering the effects of different influence factors in different phases. To address this gap, this research solves stock trending prediction problem utilizing both technical indicators and sentiments of the social media text as influence factors in different situations. A 3-phase hybrid model is proposed …


Are You Cloud-Certified? Preparing Computing Undergraduates For Cloud Certification With Experiential Learning, Eng Lieh Ouh, Benjamin Gan May 2023

Are You Cloud-Certified? Preparing Computing Undergraduates For Cloud Certification With Experiential Learning, Eng Lieh Ouh, Benjamin Gan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Cloud Computing skills have been increasing in demand. Many software engineers are learning these skills and taking cloud certification examinations to be job competitive. Preparing undergraduates to be cloud-certified remains challenging as cloud computing is a relatively new topic in the computing curriculum, and many of these certifications require working experience. In this paper, we report our experiences designing a course with experiential learning to prepare our computing undergraduates to take the cloud certification. We adopt a university project-based experiential learning framework to engage industry partners who provide project requirements for students to develop cloud solutions and an experiential risk …


Assessing The Effectiveness Of A Chatbot Workshop As Experiential Teaching And Learning Tool To Engage Undergraduate Students, Kyong Jin Shim, Thomas Menkhoff, Ying Qian Teo, Clement Shi Qi Ong May 2023

Assessing The Effectiveness Of A Chatbot Workshop As Experiential Teaching And Learning Tool To Engage Undergraduate Students, Kyong Jin Shim, Thomas Menkhoff, Ying Qian Teo, Clement Shi Qi Ong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we empirically examine and assess the effectiveness of a chatbot workshop as experiential teaching and learning tool to engage undergraduate students enrolled in an elective course “Doing Business with A.I.” in the Lee Kong Chian School of Business (LKCSB) at Singapore Management University. The chatbot workshop provides non-STEM students with an opportunity to acquire basic skills to build a chatbot prototype using the ‘Dialogflow’ program. The workshop and the experiential learning activity are designed to impart conversation and user-centric design know how and know why to students. A key didactical aspect which informs the design and flow …