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Articles 283051 - 283080 of 304361

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Management Implications Derived From Bird Damage Assessments In North Dakota Sunflower, Joseph L. Guarino, John L. Cummings Sep 1985

Management Implications Derived From Bird Damage Assessments In North Dakota Sunflower, Joseph L. Guarino, John L. Cummings

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The most recent estimate of blackbird damage to ripening sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in North Dakota in 1980 exceeded $6 million. Although less than 5% of the sunflower fields in the state received greater than 10% damage in each of four past survey years, as much as 50% of the total state-wide damage occurred in these fields. This loss can be combated with cost-effective control- Successful control requires timely action when blackbirds are in large concentrations. Frightening blackbirds from fields early in the damage season disperses damage and this can result in compensatory growth by sunflower, whereby yields at …

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Frontmatter And Contents Sep 1985

Frontmatter And Contents

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND EASTERN WILDILFE DAMAGE CONTROL CONFERENCE

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Dispersal Of A Heron-Egret Rookery, Douglas I. Hall Sep 1985

Dispersal Of A Heron-Egret Rookery, Douglas I. Hall

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

A rookery composed of an estimated 10,000 herons and egrets (family: Ardeidae) located in Van Buren, Crawford County, Arkansas was successfully dispersed in the Spring of 1983. A diversified scaring program was planned and initiated prior to the onset of courtship display and nest building. The roost relocation was subsequently followed by habitat alteration procedures to make the 5-acre stand of primarily Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) unattractive as a future roosting site. Although no nesting occurred at the site in 1983, the lack of an early scaring program in the Spring of 1984 resulted in the uncleared portion …

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Removal Of Nesting Starlings With Drc-1339, Douglas I. Hall Sep 1985

Removal Of Nesting Starlings With Drc-1339, Douglas I. Hall

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

DRC-1339-treated crickets (Gryllus sp.) were utilized in an attempt to remove starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) nesting and rearing young in the aircraft hangars at the Little Rock Air Center, Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas. Bait ratio of 1 treated to 5 untreated crickets was used. They were placed under airport night lights where foraging birds naturally gathered to feed on insects attracted to these lights. Adult starlings consumed the crickets as well as fed them to their young. Lethal control was achieved on both age classes of bird. Field test results show promise for the development of a …

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Closing Remarks, F. Eugene Hester Sep 1985

Closing Remarks, F. Eugene Hester

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

I am glad to be here to present the closing remarks before such a group of professionals who represent the many agencies and individuals who daily perform the delicate task of resolving animal damage conflicts. The segment of wildlife management that you represent is perhaps the most difficult to accomplish in view of existing public opinion and involvement.

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Comparisons Of Strychnine And Zinc Phosphide In Prairie Dog Control, H. Todd Holbrook, Robert M. Timm Sep 1985

Comparisons Of Strychnine And Zinc Phosphide In Prairie Dog Control, H. Todd Holbrook, Robert M. Timm

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Efficacy and safety are primary considerations in registration and use of toxicants for vertebrate pest control. Strychnine (0.5%) and zinc phosphide (2%) are currently registered by EPA for prairie dog control, but continued registration is uncertain. Two percent zinc phosphide bait has been suspected of producing lower and more erratic results than strychnine bait. In our study in western Nebraska in fall 1984, indices based on changes in burrow activity showed no difference in efficacy (P=0.66) or variability (P=0.7) of control for strychnine and zinc phosphide, however neither toxicant consistently gave effective control of blackballed prairie dogs. Costs for proper …

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Minimum Effective Level Of Methiocarb For Protecting Sprouting Rice In Louisiana From Blackbird Damage, N.R. Holler, P.W. Lefebvre, A. Wilson, R.E. Matteson, G.R. Gutknecht Sep 1985

Minimum Effective Level Of Methiocarb For Protecting Sprouting Rice In Louisiana From Blackbird Damage, N.R. Holler, P.W. Lefebvre, A. Wilson, R.E. Matteson, G.R. Gutknecht

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Blackbirds cause locally serious losses to rice. The Denver Wildlife Research Center, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center have been cooperating in tests to determine the efficacy of methiocarb seed treatments for protecting sprouting rice in Louisiana from blackbird damage. Results from four field tests (1980, 1982, 1983, and 1984) have shown that methiocarb provides good protection when applied to rice seed at the rate of 2.4 g and 1.25 g active ingredient (a.i.)/kg of rice seed (0.25 and 0.125%). Seed treated at 0.6 g a.i./kg appeared to be susceptible …

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State Funded Wildlife Damage Programs: The Wisconsin Experience, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Scott R. Craven Sep 1985

State Funded Wildlife Damage Programs: The Wisconsin Experience, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Scott R. Craven

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Wisconsin has a long tradition of involvement with wildlife damage and wildlife damage programs. It is one of less than a dozen states that presently has a program for wildlife damage. From 1931 to 1980, Wisconsin paid landowners for damage to crops caused by wildlife,. Now the focus of Wisconsin's wildlife damage program is on damage control and prevention through appropriate abatement techniques and wildlife population control. This paper will detail Wisconsin's experience with these approaches and will offer insight into improving state funded wildlife damage programs.

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Preventive Control Of Pest Rodents, Walter E. Howard Sep 1985

Preventive Control Of Pest Rodents, Walter E. Howard

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

With "preventive control" of pest rodents, by using rodent bait boxes (stations) on a permanent basis, there is no longer any biological, ecological, or economic reason for rodent pests or health problems to occur in villages, cities, and intensively cultivated agricultural areas, but not pastures or forests. Such pest rodents can usually be eliminated without endangering non-target species, quite inexpensively, simply, and in a more environmentally desirable manner than most current practices, where the pest rodents are not controlled until populations have built up, which requires large amounts of rodenticides. With preventive control, once the pest rodents have been controlled …

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Role Of The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency In Wildife Damage Control, William W. Jacobs Sep 1985

Role Of The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency In Wildife Damage Control, William W. Jacobs

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is the Federal agency in charge of pesticide registration,. Therefore, EPA has ultimate regulatory authority over the pesticide compounds used for wildlife damage control.

Pesticides are regulated under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)o Pesticides may be cleared for use in the United States under Sections 3, 5, 18, and 24(c) of FIFRA.

Section 3 contains provisions for full federal registration,. Products registered under Section 3 may be used throughout the country, subject to conditions and limitations of use specified on the product label and State requirements. To be registered under Section 3, …

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The Role Of The Indiana Division Of Fish And Wildlife In Wildlife Damage Control, Glenn Lange Sep 1985

The Role Of The Indiana Division Of Fish And Wildlife In Wildlife Damage Control, Glenn Lange

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

As defined by state statue, the Division of Fish and Wildlife is responsible for the protection, reproduction, care, management, survival, and regulation of all wildlife populations. By law, the Division must take a leading role in solving wildlife damage problems when they occur.

In Indiana, wildlife damage or nuisance animal problems takes two forms: damage from individual birds or mammals that are in the wrong place at the wrong time (such as raccoons nesting in an attic) and damage from bird or mammal populations that have grown large enough to cause serious economic losses for agricultural, forestry, or other land …

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Assessing Deer Damage In Young Fruit Orchards, Jay B. Mcaninch, Mark R. Ellingwood, Michael J. Fargione, Peter Picone Sep 1985

Assessing Deer Damage In Young Fruit Orchards, Jay B. Mcaninch, Mark R. Ellingwood, Michael J. Fargione, Peter Picone

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Evaluations of systematic damage assessments of 5, 10 and 20 percent of all apple trees in 12 orchards were compared. The 10% assessment technique was selected as the most accurate and efficient in estimating summer and fall damage. Analysis of several parameters of tree vigor found significant differences between browsed and unbrowsed trees for tree basal diameter and central leader diameter over 2 successive years. These subtle yet important differences in tree development were felt to severely limit the possibilities of relating browsing to growth and. later, yields. Methods and considerations for making control decisions on a per acre basis …

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Animal Damage Control And The Endangered Species Act, Warren T. Parker Sep 1985

Animal Damage Control And The Endangered Species Act, Warren T. Parker

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The premise of the Endangered Species Act is that all wildlife are valuable natural resources and the extinction of species in the name of progress must be halted. To achieve this end, Congress requires all Federal agencies to consult with the Fish and Wildlife Service when any of their programs or projects affect a listed endangered or threatened species. Problems of special interest to this conference are those that project an endangered or threatened species indirect conflict with man.

Undoubtedly the most publicized of these conflicts has involved the threatened timber wolf and the livestock producers of northern Minnesota. This …

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Dispersing Blackbird-Starling Roosts With Helium-Filled Balloons, Donald F. Mott Sep 1985

Dispersing Blackbird-Starling Roosts With Helium-Filled Balloons, Donald F. Mott

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Large (120 cm diameter) helium-filled balloons (2-10 per ha of roost) tethered about 8 m above the vegetation were effective in dispersing blackbirds and starlings from roosting sites. Bird population estimates before, during, and after balloon exposure showed that the balloons frightened the birds and caused most of them to abandon the roost. Roosting bird numbers at each of 5 test roost sites (0.3 to 1.7 ha) were reduced an average of 82% (min-max 47-100%) during 3 to 4 evenings of balloon exposure. Winds >16 km/h during the study made it difficult to keep the balloons aloft and not entangled …

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Vole Control In The Eastern United States, Richard M. Poche, Robert Sharp Sep 1985

Vole Control In The Eastern United States, Richard M. Poche, Robert Sharp

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and pine vole (M. pinetorum) are major pests in fruit orchards in the eastern U.S. These species damage trees by gnawing the bark or root systems during the winter months, thus, reducing the fruit yields or in many cases actually killing the trees. Orchard owners generally use an integrated pest management approach involving a combination of methods: (1) cultural practices such as reducing favorable vole habitat, thereby, limiting the carrying capacity, (2) mechanical control through the use of tree guards or trapping techniques, and (3) the use of rodenticides, both acute …

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Landowner Tolerance Of Beavers: Implications For Damage Management And Control, Ken G. Purdy, Daniel J. Decker, Richard A. Malecki, John C. Proud Sep 1985

Landowner Tolerance Of Beavers: Implications For Damage Management And Control, Ken G. Purdy, Daniel J. Decker, Richard A. Malecki, John C. Proud

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Management of beaver (Castor canadensis) populations can be an effective way to create wetlands while at the same time producing a valued recreational and furbearer resource. Optimizing beaver populations for such a dual objective, however, requires careful integration of biological and sociological considerations in management planning. Knowledge of beaver population dynamics by itself is insufficient for sound management; human tolerance data also must be included in management decisions to reduce the potential of encountering problems that could impede the attainment of beaver-wetlands management objectives. Expansion of beaver into new areas often may be constrained by managers' perceptions of …

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Participants Sep 1985

Participants

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

List of participants

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An Evaluation Of Visual And Auditory Electronic Devices To Repel Deer, R. Blake Roper, Edward P. Hill Sep 1985

An Evaluation Of Visual And Auditory Electronic Devices To Repel Deer, R. Blake Roper, Edward P. Hill

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

An electronic device that emitted auditory and visual stimuli was evaluated for repelling deer from hardwood plantations and soybean fields in Southwest Alabama from February 1976 through March 1978. Repellent effectiveness in hardwood plantations and in soybean fields was determined by comparing browsing damage on areas treated with the repellent stimuli against damage on control areas.

No difference (P < 0.05) was detected in browsing damage between treated and control areas in either hardwood plantations or soybean fields. Browsing damage on soybeans continued when electronic stimuli were combined with electric fences, human scent rags, and periodic shooting, demonstrating the high degree of adaptability of the white-tailed deer as they attempt to utilize an available food supply.

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Computer Assisted Extension Program On Ground Squirrel Control, Terrell P. Salmon, Donald L. Lancaster, Leanne Lasarow Sep 1985

Computer Assisted Extension Program On Ground Squirrel Control, Terrell P. Salmon, Donald L. Lancaster, Leanne Lasarow

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Computers have become common place in virtually all phases of agriculture. Most individuals have access to microcomputers and the once apparent intimidation about using them is rapidly disappearing. Because of increased availability and public acceptance, it's no surprise that many Extension programs are using computers as an important component of their educational package. Recently, several computer models have been developed to assist Extension personnel and others in demonstrating proper wildlife damage control decision-making. We have developed such a model which is used to: 1) present ground squirrel control information to the grower, 2) take user (grower) input on production, yields, …

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What You Wanted To Know About All You Ever Heard Concerning Snake Repellents, Gary J. San Julian Sep 1985

What You Wanted To Know About All You Ever Heard Concerning Snake Repellents, Gary J. San Julian

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Have you ever heard about a way to keep snakes away from your house? Many people in North Carolina have been told by their elders of various ways to repel snakes. When we first started working on this problem in North Carolina, we were amazed at the number of "home remedies" that people believed would protect their property from snakes; and we began to keep a record of these remedies. In 1981, a grant from the Pesticide Impact Assessment Program allowed us to begin to test some of these remedies to determine their value.

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Deer Damage And Damage Control In Ohio's Nurseries, Orchards And Christmas Tree Plantings: The Grower's View, Joel D. Scott, Thomas W. Townsend Sep 1985

Deer Damage And Damage Control In Ohio's Nurseries, Orchards And Christmas Tree Plantings: The Grower's View, Joel D. Scott, Thomas W. Townsend

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

A survey of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) damage was conducted among growers (N = 2,236) of fruit, Christmas tree and nursery crops in Ohio; over 81% responded. Damage was reported by 43.1% of Christmas tree growers, 4l.3% of orchardists and 32.5% of nurserymen. Most commonly reported by orchardists as damaged were apples (Malus spp.)s by Christmas tree growers were white pines (Pinus strobus), and by nurserymen were maples (Acer spp.)o Young plants (x̅ = 7.5 years) were more commonly damaged than older plants of all species. Seasonal damage was most common in spring …

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Wildlife Damage Control - The Role And Responsibility Of The U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Leroy W. Sowl Sep 1985

Wildlife Damage Control - The Role And Responsibility Of The U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Leroy W. Sowl

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The doctrine of State ownership of wildlife was a part of the body of English common law transplanted to these shores by the original English settlers. The Crown conveyed ownership of many natural resources, and included wildlife in the patents it issued to the proprietors of plantations and colonies. When the provinces became States, they inherited ownership of wildlife.

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Role And Responsibilities Of Agencies For Wildlife Damage Control, James E. Miller Sep 1985

Role And Responsibilities Of Agencies For Wildlife Damage Control, James E. Miller

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

"A well balanced wildlife management program includes research, the acquisition of land, the development of habitat, the careful regulation of hunting or harvest, the protection of certain species, the enforcement of laws — and — the control of animal depredations. Though necessary, this is among the least popular and most controversial of the wildlife management functions. It is, nevertheless, one of the activities which a responsible agency must undertake." This statement is a direct quote from the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies' (IAFWA) Position Paper on Animal Damage Control (1981).

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Histoplasmosis And Its Impact On Blackbird/Starling Roost Management, A.R. Stickley Jr., R.J. Weeks Sep 1985

Histoplasmosis And Its Impact On Blackbird/Starling Roost Management, A.R. Stickley Jr., R.J. Weeks

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Histoplasmosis is a common and sometimes serious fungal disease that primarily affects the lungs, but can also involve other parts of the human body. The disease is characterized by 3 major forms: acute pulmonary, chronic cavitary, and disseminated histoplasmos is. Two fungicides are effective in treatment of the disease, but serious side effects often result. The occurrence of the fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum, is associated with large quantities of bird and bat excreta that have come in contact with soil. Roost sites must generally be occupied by birds for at least 3 years before soil conditions are conducive to its …

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Utilizing A Computerized Fish And Wildlife Information System To Solve Animal Damage Control Problems, Jefferson L. Waldon, Charles T. Cushwa, Peter T. Bromley Sep 1985

Utilizing A Computerized Fish And Wildlife Information System To Solve Animal Damage Control Problems, Jefferson L. Waldon, Charles T. Cushwa, Peter T. Bromley

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Animal damage control professionals are faced with the monumental task of absorbing an enormous amount of literature about animal species. For example, one person cannot become an expert on all facets of dozens of species, much less the 1000 or more fish, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and birds that fall under the wildlifer's jurisdiction. An important new aid to the wildlife damage control specialist is the computerized fish and wildlife information system (CFWIS). A CFWIS is a tool for systematically compiling and managing information about animal species which reside in a state. Cushwa and Kopf (1984) summarized the development of state …

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Apparent Efficacy Of Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard Programs At Four Naval Air Stations, Thomas C. Walker, C. Willard Bennett Sep 1985

Apparent Efficacy Of Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard Programs At Four Naval Air Stations, Thomas C. Walker, C. Willard Bennett

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The Department of the Navy implemented its present mandatory bird-aircraft strike reporting system in 1981. Reported bird-aircraft strikes have increased each year, presumably due to increased awareness and compliance with regulations. Four Naval air stations implementing bird-aircraft strike hazard reduction programs in 1984 reported 57-78% fewer strikes in 1984 than in 1983.

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Commercial Wildlife Pest Control Permits
—An Alternative Approach—, Gerard W. Wendt Sep 1985

Commercial Wildlife Pest Control Permits—An Alternative Approach—, Gerard W. Wendt

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The Pennsylvania Game Commission has, throughout our existence, tried many new approaches to solve our wildlife/ human conflicts. In recent years, the District Game Protector has been plagued with calls requesting help with nuisance wildlife, especially in the high population urban areas. While the law provides for methods of dealing with deer and bear which cause damage to crops and related materials, little is included to simplify the situation created by small mammal wildlife pests. With limited manpower available, which has been further complicated as a result of the Supreme Court ruling regarding the Fair Labor Standards Act and overtime …

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Air Force Problems With Birds In Hangars, Timothy J. Will Sep 1985

Air Force Problems With Birds In Hangars, Timothy J. Will

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The Air Force's Bird-Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Team has been dealing with bird hazards to aircraft for over ten years, primarily through awareness programs, direct assistance to military bases, and through R&D aimed at world-wide BASH reduction. As with any problem where a biological system (in this case, birds) is involved, diversification is important in developing solutions. The BASH Team has recommended a variety of methods for working with hazards from birds. One area of particular concern is the nuisance of pest birds in hangars. These structures are extremely alluring to birds, which seek the roof-supporting I-beams and bars for …

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Economic And Environmental Impacts Of Beavers In North Carolina, David K. Woodward, Robert B. Hazel, Brian P. Gaffney Sep 1985

Economic And Environmental Impacts Of Beavers In North Carolina, David K. Woodward, Robert B. Hazel, Brian P. Gaffney

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

In 1984, a postal survey of landowners and managers was conducted in North Carolina concerning the presence of beavers (Castor canadensis) on their property. Major objectives of the survey were to determine: (1) current distribution and relative abundance of beavers in North Carolina, (2) the economic and environmental impacts from an apparently increasing beaver population, and (3) landowner attitudes toward these increasing populations. Of the 1,069 questionnaires returned, data was compiled from 456 landowners (43 percent) who confirmed the presence of beaver activity on their property during 1983. A significant increase in beaver numbers and distribution has occurred throughout much …

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The Role Of State And Wildlife Agencies In Wildlife Damage Control, Charles D. Kelly Sep 1985

The Role Of State And Wildlife Agencies In Wildlife Damage Control, Charles D. Kelly

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The Alabama Game and Fish Division is responsible for the stewardship of the wildlife and fisheries resources in the state. Within this context and the cooperative efforts with other agencies that have dealings with animal damage, the Division develops, permits, approves and administers control of both game and non-game (except migratory) species of wildlife.

Animal control complaints fall into two major areas - crop damage and nuisance animals. Nuisance animals, with some exceptions, are bats, armadillos, alligators, woodpeckers, snakes, birds that roost or nest in rookeries. Squirrels, bears, rabbits are the cause of both nuisanced crop damage complaints. Deer, beaver, …

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