Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Soils And The Location Of Cacao Orchards At A Maya Site In Western Belize, Daniel R. Muhs, Robert R. Kautz, J. Jefferson Mackinnon

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Cacao was one of the most important crops of the lowland Maya. Ethnohistoric sources document that the Postclassic-Colonial Period Maya settlement of Tipu in western Belize was an important cacao-growing center, yet evidence of where the cacao was grown is not apparent. We analysed the suitability of floodplain, terrace, and bedrock soils for cacao cultivation. Our results indicate that the soils most likely to have been used for cacao growth were those on the modem floodplain of the Macal River, based on their suitable physical and chemical properties. In addition, buried stone walls of Late Classic or Postclassic age that …

An Evaluation Of Uranium-Series Dating Of Fossil Echinoids From Southern California Pleistocene Marine Terraces, Daniel R. Muhs, Los Angeles County Museum Of Natural History, Los Angeles, Ca

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Fossil sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus) from Pleistocene marine terraces on the southern California Channel Islands have been dated by the uranium-series method in order to test the suitability of echinoids for dating marine terraces. Results indicate that urchin plates and spines do not behave as closed systems with respect to both uranium and thorium. Calculated ages based on these data do not agree with uranium-series ages (120,000 and 127,000 yrs) obtained previously from corals from the same localities. Thus, fossil sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus) are not considered suitable for uranium-series dating of Pleistocene marine terrace deposits.

A Frotarsius Chatrathi, First Tarsiiform Primate (? Tarsiidae) From Africa, Elwyn L. Simons, Thomas M. Bown

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Tarsiiform primates have long been regarded as a Laurasian group, with an extensive fossil record in the Eocene of North America and EuropeI and two important but less well-known records from Asia.

In Situ Stress, Natural Fracture Distribution, And Borehole Elongation In The Auburn Geothermal Well, Auburn, New York, Stephen H. Hickman, John H. Healy, Mark D. Zoback

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Hydraulic fracturing stress measurements and a borehole televiewer survey were conducted in a 1.6-km-deep well at Auburn, New York. This well, which was drilled at the outer margin of the Appalachian Fold and Thrust Belt in the Appalachian Plateau, penetrates approximately 1540 m of lower Paleozoics edimentary rocks and terminates 60 m into the Precambrian marble basement. Analysis of the hydraulic fracturing tests indicates that the minimum horizontal principal stress increases in a nearly linear fashion from 9.9 ± 0.2 MPa at 593 m to 30.6 ± 0.4 MPa at 1482 m. The magnitude of the
maximum horizontal principal stress …

Search For New Membrane Active Substances: Synthesis Of 3-Tropanols With Alkyl, Alkenyl And Alkenynyl Group At The Bridgehead, Ramalinga Murty Dharanipragada

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

In recent years, Witkop and coworkers have isolated several structurally unique alkaloids from the colombian frog belonging to the genera Dendrobates. These alkaloids, which occur in the defensive skin secretions of the frog have been found to be highly active venoms as well as mucosal tissue irritants towards both mammals and reptiles. Among them are three important alkaloids histrionicotoxin, isodihydrohistronicotoxin and octahydrohistronicotoxin.

The Invertebrate Faunas Of Tropical American Caves, Part 6: Jumandi Cave, Ecuador, Stewart B. Peck

International Journal of Speleology

Twenty-two species of invertebrates are reported from Jumandi Cave, Napo Province, Ecuador. Three are probably trogloxenes, and the other 19 are troglophiles. The only troglobite is the catfish Astroblepus pholeter.

The Occurrence Of The Troglobitic Amphipod, Stygobromus Tenuis Tenuis (Smith) (Crangonyctidae) In The Taconic Mountains Of Southwestern Massachusetts (Usa): A Case For The Existence Of A Subterranean Refugium In A Glaciated Region, Douglas G. Smith

International Journal of Speleology

Stygobromus t. tenuis is one of only two species of troglobitic amphipods known to occur in the New England physiographic province. The rarity of subterranean organisms in New England is attributed to limited karst development and eradication of organisms from the region during glacial times. Traditionally it has been believed that those troglobitic species presently occurring north of the glacial terminus migrated there following glacial retreat from refugia south of the areas influenced by glacial conditions. However, a few recent studies favour the existence of subsurface refugia in glaciated regions during glacial times. Stygobromus t. tenuis is recorded from springs …

Morphological Clines In Reduced Areas. The Case Of Henrotius Jordai (Reitter), Cave-Dwelling Beetle From Majorca Island, Xavier Bellés

International Journal of Speleology

The present paper shows a statistically significant correlation between the geographical latitude and the morphological variation of the pronotum of Henrotius jordai (Reitter) (Col. Caraboidea), cave-dwelling beetle from Majorca island, after studying the linear and curvilinear regression between these two variables. The existence of specimens situated at different heights of the regression lines leads to the conclusion that morphological variation is clinal. The phenomenon of “semi-isolation” to which the studied populations are subjected, because of their cavernicolous character, allows to explain the existence of a cline in such a restricted area as that occupied by this beetle (ca. 500 Km …

Polydesmide Et Craspedosomides Cavernicoles Nouveaux De France Et Du Maroc (Myriapoda - Diplopoda), Jean Paul Mauriès

International Journal of Speleology

This is a description of the affinities and biogeographic significance of three new cavernicolous species of Diplopoda from France and Morocco. One species apparently belongs to the Polydesmida (family Paradoxosomidae) and the other two to Craspedosomida (families Caratosphydae and Chordeumidae).

1) Eviulisoma abadi n.sp. is distinguished from other species of this genus by total depigmentation, by the characters of the gonopodial orifice and the male gonopods, by the low number of segments (19) and by its geographic isolation (Morocco) and ecology (Kef Aziza cave). This justifies the establishment of a new sub-genus, Jeekelosoma. The other species of this genus …

The Anatomy And Histology Of The Alimentary Tract Of The Blind Catfish Horaglanis Krishnai Menon, T. V. Anna Mercy, N. Krishna Pillai

International Journal of Speleology

H. krishnai is a blind catfish inhabiting the dug-out wells at Kottavam Kerala, South India. Studies on the alimentary tract of the fish show that, the alimentary tract, though typically teleostean, shows several adaptive modifications. The bulbous stomach helps in storing food which is helpful in an environment chronically deficient in food. The ileo-rectal sphincter helps in retaining the digested food in the intestine for a long duration to facilitate maximum absorption. This is very helpful as the intestine is short. The liver is well developed.

Perioculodes Cerasinus, N. Sp., The First Record Of The Genus From The Caribbean Sea (Amphipoda: Oedicerotidae), James Darwin Thomas, J. L. Barnard

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Perioculodes cerasinus, a probable cryptic fossorial amphipod with embedded white orbicular ommatidia in bright ruby eyes is described from Tobago, Belize, Florida Keys, and Biscayne Bay, Florida. The eyes are separated either into two lunes or combined side to side into one large irregular brow. This is the first western Atlantic record of a generic group heretofore confined to the warm eastern Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Close affinity appears to be with the type-species of the genus, P. longimanus, from the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

Two New Species Of Two New Gammaridan Genera (Crustacea: Amphipoda) From The Florida Keys, James Darwin Thomas, J. L. Barnard

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Two new species of the new genera Anamaera (A. hixom) and Spathiopus (S looensis), both belonging to the section Gammarida of Amphipoda, are described from the Florida Keys. Anamaera is a new genus close to Maera, Ceradocus, and Ceradomaera, but has an unique combination of minor character expressions. Males of Spathiopus have an unusual paddle-shaped antenna 2 but otherwise Spathiopus appears to be an apomorph of Elasmopus.

A New Marine Genus Of The Maera Group (Crustacea: Amphipoda) From Belize, James Darwin Thomas, J. L. Barnard

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

A new genus and species, Dumosus atari of the Maera group from coral rubble at Belize is described. It is related to Gammarella and is probably cryptic. The eyes are reduced. Dumosus differs from Gammarella in the loss of medial setation on the maxillae, reduction of article 3 on the mandibular palp, loss of article 2 on the outer ramus ofuropod 3, and in the loss of major spination on the plates of maxilla I and the maxilliped; in contrast to Gammarella, Dumosus retains the plesiomorphic uropod 3 typical of the Maera-group.

Semiclassical Calculation Of Quantum-Mechanical Wave Functions For A Two-Dimensional Scattering System, Stephen Knudson, John B. Delos, B. Bloom

Arts & Sciences Articles

The semiclassical theory developed by Maslov and Fedoriuk is used to calculate the wave function for two‐dimensional scattering from a Morse potential. The characteristic function S and the density Jacobian J are computed in order to obtain the primitive wave function. The incident part shows distorted plane‐wave behavior and the scattered part shows radially outgoing behavior. A uniform approximation gives a wave function that is well‐behaved near the caustic.

Parallel Algorithms For Bridge- And Bi-Connectivity On Minimum Area Meshes, Susanne E. Hambrusch

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Low Rainfall Pasture Project., M. A. Ewing

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Variety experiments, rows 85M53, small plots 85M54, large plots, 85M43, 85N21, 85ME49, 85M44. defoliation comparison, 85M41. Pasture establishment systems, 85N25, 85N26, 85M52, 85M45, 85M46, 85M47, 85ME61, 85M62, 85M63. Cereals following pastures, 84M42, 84M43, 84M56, 84M57, 84LG34. Pasture wheat rotation, 82WH39, 82M47.

I. The Use Of Polyethers As Phase Transfer Catalysts For The Fluoroalkoxylation Of Halogenated Aromatic And Heteroaromatic Systems Ii. The Grignard Addition And Sodium Cyanoborohydride Reduction Of Arylchloropropeniminium Salts, Martin A.M. Moebus

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This research addresses two distinct areas of synthetic organic chemistry: the use of phase transfer catalysts for the fluoroalkoxylation of activated haloaromatic and haloheteroaromatic systems, as well as the Grignard addition and sodium cyanoborohydride reduction of aryl chloropropeniminium salts. In Part I of this research, a number of macrocyclic- and linear polytethers were studied as phase transfer catalysts in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of haloaromitc systems. The most effective catalyst was determined to be poly(ethylene glycol)-8000 and the reaction conditions were optimized for this catalyst. Subsequently isomer reactivity, effects of activating groups, effects of leaving groups, and nucleophiles were studied …

The Algorithmic Way Of Life Is Best, Stephen B. Maurer , '67

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Spin-1 Exchange-Interaction Model Of Ferromagnetism, Harry A. Brown

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The spin-exchange operator for spin S=1 and a constant-coupling-like approximation are used to evaluate the thermodynamic properties of a system described by a two-spin Hamiltonian that includes dipole and quadrupole interactions. The dipole and quadrupole moments and the exchange energy are found as functions of temperature. There is a critical temperature, Tc, which depends on the coordination number of the lattice at which the system undergoes a second-order phase transition. Below Tc, both magnetic moments, simultaneously, take on nonzero values and have infinite derivatives there while the derivative of the exchange energy is discontinuous. Comparison is made with other results …

Effects Of Iron Implantation On The Aqueous Corrosion Of Magnesium, S. Akavipat, Edward Boyd Hale, C. E. Habermann, P. L. Hagans

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The influence of the implantation of iron ions on the corrosion of magnesium and an AlZn-rich magnesium alloy (AZ91C) has been studied. Anodic polarization measurements in a dilute chloride-containing alkaline solution were used to evaluate corrosion resistance. A range of ion energies (50-180 keV) and doses (1016-2 x 1017 Fe+ ions cm-2) have been evaluated. Both the iron-implanted pure magnesium and the alloy AZ91C gave improved polarization measurements. A systematic positive shift of the open-circuit potential with increasing iron dose was found. In AZ91C at a dose of 1017 Fe+ ions cm-2, there was a + 0.6 V more noble …

Neutron-Diffraction Study Of The Magnetic Ordering In Ni(Ch₂Co₂Nh₂)₂ 2h₂O, Akifumi Onodera, Yorihiko Tsunoda, Nobuhiko Kunitomi, Oran Allan Pringle, Robert M. Nicklow, Ralph M. Moon

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The magnetic structure of Ni(CH₂CO₂NH₂)₂ 2 H₂O has been determined by the analysis of neutron-diffraction data from powder and single-crystal samples. Ni(CH₂CO₂NH₂)₂ 2 H₂O orders at a Néel temperature of 0.88 K. The magnetic structure consists of antiferromagnetically coupled layers having a canted ferromagnetic ordering within layers, with a moment of (2.33 ± 0.14)μ_B per Ni²⁺ ion. The magnetic unit cell is composed of two crystallographic unit cells, and contains four nickel atoms. The moment direction is not simply related …

Faraday's Law Demonstration, Richard Sankovich

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

The Spin‐Exchange Ferromagnet With Dipole And Quadrupole Interactions, Harry A. Brown

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Satellite Structure In Laser-Assisted Charge-Transfer Cross Sections, Y. P. Hsu, Ronald E. Olson

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A six-state coupled-channel calculation has been performed on the laser-assisted charge-transfer collision H⁺+Na+Latin small letter h with stroke. A greatly enhanced charge-transfer cross section is observed for low-energy collisions if the photon energy is matched to the classical satellite frequency. This frequency is determined by the location of an extremum in the difference of potential energies between the laser-pumped initial and final molecular states. The stationary-phase method has been used to reproduce the general features and the magnitude of the cross-section structure. © 1985 The American Physical Society.

Spin-Exchange Cross Sections For Hydrogen-Atomalkali-Metal-Atom Collisions, H. R. Cole, Ronald E. Olson

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The pseudopotential molecular-structure method has been used to calculate the X1 and a3 interaction potentials for the alkali-metal-atom hydrogen-atom systems. These potentials were then used in a quantum-mechanical calculation to determine the spin-exchange cross sections in the energy range from 2.5x10-4 eV to 2.5 eV. The cross sections follow the general form Q1/2=a-b lnv. However, abundant structure on the cross sections is present due to orbiting resonances induced by the deeply bound well of the X1 molecular state. The spin-exchange cross sections range from 17x10-16 to 25x10-16 cm2 at room temperature for H(F=1) transferring to H(F=0) in collision with unpolarized …

Carbonate Facies Of The Kimmswick Limestone (Trenton/Galena) In Southwestern Illinois : Their Relations As Oil Reservoirs And Traps, Gregory A. Crews

Masters Theses

"Four potentially productive oil horizons have been identified in the Kimmswick Limestone (Trenton/Galena), Ordovician of southwestern Illinois. Four non-porous caprock zones and four porous horizons were identified and informally named after corresponding members of the Dunleith Formation (Illinois State Geological Survey classification). The porous horizons generally consist of coarse-grained, fossiliferous limestone, which is overlain by finer grained, spar-cemented, impermeable limestone.

In order of production potential, the horizons are the upper Moredock, lower Moredock, Beecher-St. James (lowermost stratigraphic unit), and New London (uppermost stratigraphic unit). Porosity in the upper Moredock horizon is relatively consistent throughout the study area, as determined by …

Industrial Simulation With Animation, Edward T. Hammerand

Masters Theses

"This thesis examines and evaluates the new simulation language PCModel. Prior to the arrival of PCModel, simulation via computer typically resulted in pages of statistics compiled over the duration of the simulation. PCModel's approach is to simulate the model on the display before the user in real time. Additionally, user interaction is supported to allow changes to be made throughout the simulation run.

The evaluation of PCModel is accomplished through inspection of a pair of examples already simulated in a conventional simulation language. The examples show the relative strong and weak points of the language, as well as demonstrating how …

Geology And Mineralization Of The Great Excelsior Mine, Whatcom County, Washington, Russell J. Franklin

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Great Excelsior Mine is located in the North Cascades of northwest Washington, approximately 6 miles (10 km) east of the town of Glacier. The deposit consists of Ag with subordinate Au and is hosted within felsic volcanic breccias, tuffaceous siltstones and graywackes, and felsic tuffs belonging to the Middle Jurassic Wells Creek Volcanics. The deposit is located approximately 1000 feet (305 m) below the contact between the Wells Creek Volcanics and the overlying Nooksack Group metasediments. Both units comprise the lowermost structural-metamorphic unit of the western North Cascades System.

The Wells Creek Volcanics have been informally subdivided into four …

Paleomagnetic Evidence For Northward Transport Of The Methow-Pasayten Belt, Julian L. (Julian Linus) Granirer

WWU Graduate School Collection

High level demagnetization isolates a single syntectonic magnetization in ten stable sites from the upper Cretaceous Winthrop and Midnight Peak Formations in the Methow-Pasayten belt of north central Washington. The mean direction of D=11.4°, 1=62.6°, Alpha₉₅=4.7° is discordant with the expected in-situ direction. This discordance is interpreted as resulting from 1,370 km of northward transport between 93 and 45 Ma. Correcting the contemporaneous Mount Stuart direction from within the Cascade terrane for approximately 16° of southward tilt brings it into accord with the new Methow direction. Further, if northward translation of these terranes were initiated by a southward …

Response Of Lithographic Mask Structures To Repetitively Pulsed X-Rays: Thermal Stress Analysis, A. Ballantyne, H.A. Hyman, Clive L. Dym, R.C. Southworth

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

This paper examines the effects of thermal loading and time history upon the thermal stresses developed in lithographic mask structures as would be expected under irradiation by intense soft x rays. The objective of this work was to examine the phenomenology of the interaction and to evaluate the limits placed upon mask dosage. The mechanics of mask failure are examined in terms of single pulse and cumulative, or fatigue, effects. A number of prototypical mask structures are investigated, which show that the application of intense pulsed sources to x‐ray lithography does not reduce the potential utility of the techique. However, …