Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Requisite Variety And The Second Law, Martin Zwick

Systems Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although the Law of Requisite Variety (LRV) speaks directly about entropy (of a set of disturbances to a system, and of the states and effects of a regulator), the relation of Ashby's principle to the Second Law of Thermodynamics does not appear to have been commented on, In this paper, it is shown that, when regulation is viewed as a temporal process, the LRV can be interpreted as a statement of, and, in fact, a consequence of, the Second Law. In essence, the regulator reduces the variety (entropy) of the system being regulated by a compensatory increase of variety (entropy) …

Distribution Of Phytoplankton In Nebraska Lakes, F. A. Morris, M. M. Morris, W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nationwide threat of accelerated eutrophication to freshwater lakes and reservoirs. The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with State environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations, and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and State management practices relating to point source discharge reduction and nonpoint source pollution abatement in lake watershed.

The Survey collected physical, chemical, and biological data from 815 lakes and reservoirs throughout the contiguous United States. To date, the Survey …

Thermal Waters Of Utah, Topical Report, Harry D. Goode

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Western and central Utah has 16 areas whose wells or springs yield hot water (35 degrees C or higher), warm water (20 degrees - 34.5 degrees C), and slightly warm water (15.5 degrees - 19.5 degrees C). These areas and the highest recorded water temperature for each area: Lower Bear River Area, 105 degrees; Bonneville Salt Flats, 88 degrees; Cove Fort - Sulphurdale, 77 degrees; Curlew Valley, 43 degrees; East Shore Area, 60 degrees; Escalante Desert, 149 degrees; Escalante Valley (Roosevelt, 269 degrees, and Thermo, 85 degrees); Fish Springs, 60.5 degrees; Grouse Creek Valley, 42 degrees; Heber Valley (Midway, 45 …

A Limnological Study Of Ricks Pond And The Gulpha Creek Drainage In Garland County, Arkansas, Tom M. Buchanan, James Houston, Joe F. Nix, Richard L. Meyer, Eugene H. Schmitz

Technical Reports

A limnological investigation of Ricks Pond and the Gulpha Creek drainage of Garland County, Arkansas was conducted between 1 June 1978, and 21 August 1978. Water samples taken from ten stations on three different dates indicated that the stream and pond systems were typical in water quality characteristics of other small, high gradient streams and impoundments in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. In Ricks Pond, thermal stratification occurred along with the development of an oxygen deficient zone below a depth of one meter. Other water quality parameters indicated that Ricks Pond is a moderately productive ecosystem, with the productivity limited …

Hydrography And Hydrodynamics Of Virginia Estuaries. Xvii, Mathematical Ecosystem Modeling Study Of The York River, P. V. Hyer, A. Y. Kuo, C. S. Fang, W. J. Hargis Jr.

Reports

The York River drainage basin is rural, with an economy based on farming, logging, fishing and recreation. Water quality conditions are generally good, with low chlorophyll and nutrients and low fecal coliform counts. Dissolved oxygen concentrations are high except for periodic deoxygenation of the water deeper than 8 m in the reach extending 10 km upstream of the mouth.

A quasi-three dimensional tidal average model was constructed and calibrated using intensive field data collected in June and July, 1976 and verified using slack water run data from September, 1976. The model components are: salinity, fecal coliform, chlorophyll, CBOD, dissolved oxygen, …

An Emulsion Dye Laser, Kenneth Lee Matheson, James M. Thorne

Faculty Publications

A laser dye which is insoluble in water has been dissolved in hexane and emulsified in a water matrix. When pumped with a nitrogen laser, this mixture was observed to lase. The emulsion is superior to a simple hexane solution because the excellent thermo-optical properties of the water matrix help prevent refractive-index gradients from degrading laser performance. This is a useful characteristic for flash-pumped dye lasers, laser-pumped dye lasers, and liquid filters. Another type of solvent system, a critical solution, is also discussed. For certain dyes, a critical solution has even better thermo-optical properties because of its ability to absorb …

N-Body Modeling Of Nonlinear, Free Surface Liquid Flow, Donald Greenspan

Mathematics Technical Papers

In this paper a new, n-body approach is developed for the modeling of liquid phenomena. Both long and short range forces are included. Computer examples of several prototype, nonlinear, free surface problems are described and discussed.

Fuzziness And Catastrophe, Martin Zwick, Daniel Guy Schwartz, George G. Lendaris

Systems Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

In a recent short note, Flondor has alluded to a possible linkage of fuzzy set theory and catastrophe theory. We consider several features of catastrophe theory, namely the properties of discontinuous jumps, hysteresis, and divergence in the "cusp catastrophe," and the role of the bias factor in the "butterfly catastrophe," which have affinities to and suggest possible extensions of fuzzy set ideas. Certain functions extensively considered in catastrophe theory lend themselves in some cases to interpretation as membership functions. The use of such functions may be of interest for the characterization of linguistic descriptions which are time-varying and encompass both …

Limnological Observations Of Sugar Creek, Lincoln County, Missouri, Joann Bull

Theses

Not available.

Groups Expressed As The Set-Theoretic Union Of Proper Subgroups, Lana Barrett

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

In their paper “Groups as Unions of Proper Subgroups,” published in 1959, Haber and Rosenfeld posed the problem of characterizing groups which can be expressed as the set theoretic union of a finite collection of their proper subgroups. Haber and Rosenfeld established that a group G is the union of three proper subgroups (such a group G shall be called a U₃-group) if and only if the Klein 4-group is a homomorphic image of G. Further results concerning U₃-groups were obtained in the paper “Groups which are the Union of Three Subgroups” by Bruckhemier, Bryan and …

The Maine Coast : Issues Considered, Maine Coastal Program

Maine Collection

The Maine Coast : Issues Considered - A Report to the Governor by his Advisory Committee on Coastal Development and Conservation

Maine Coastal Program, Maine State Planning Office

Augusta, Maine (31 October 1978)

Contents: Introduction / Summary of Committee Recommendations / Fisheries / Port Development / Heavy Industry Siting / Travel and Tourism / Cumulative Impact of Development / Natural Resource Information Transfer

Adaptive Multivariate Approximation Theory And Applications, John R. Rice

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Crude Oil Prices On The Output Composition Of Refined Petroleum Products, Angelos Pagoulatos, David L. Debertin, Emilio Pagoulatos

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In this study the crude petroleum market is linked to the market of refined petroleum products through a set of technological relationships. An econometric study is used to quantify the existing relevant variables. The price equations for each refined product are used to derive estimates of elasticities with respect to quantity supplied, price of domestic crude oil and price of imports.

Low Btu Producer Gas -- A Fuel Of The Past And A Fuel Of The Future, Lee Carter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A prime purpose of this paper is to give conscious emphasis to an important type of coal gasification, one that does not demand hundreds of millions of dollars to launch an experimental program but instead is essentially ready to use after a reasonable and straightforward engineering check-out of the local coal sources and the prospective gas demand.

That type of coal gasification results in low Btu producer gas. This paper deals with its history, its technology and its economics. In the light of that information, the future of low Btu producer gas in America then is assessed.

Effective Utilization Of Energy From Biomass Residues In Agricultural Applications, Harry W. Parker

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Biomass is one of the more attractive alternative energy sources. Use of existing biomass residues within the farm and ranch economy can be accomplished with a minimum of organizational problems since the producer, processor, and consumer may be the same person or organization. The major task is to provide potential agricultural biomass users with accurate cost estimates for the energy made available from the biomass, and contemporary technology for its utilization.

Specific examples are given with regard to powering irrigation well engines with cotton gin trash via a producer gas generator, and conversion of harvested mesquite wood to digestible energy …

Cost Accounting Regulations In Oil And Gas Industries, Lakshmi U. Tatikonda, Rao J. Tatikonda

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The cost accounting methods that are currently used in the oil and gas Industry are very diverse. Since the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo, increased attention was given to this issue, which resulted in the issuance of SFAS-19 by the FA SB and the SEC’s attempt to develop a new accounting method based on the value of their reserves. The pros and cons of the existing methods are discussed. Also discussed is the need for a uniform accounting procedure.

Energy Substitution Prospects, Vaman Rao

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Any discussion about the future pattern of energy use invariably includes scernarios involving a switch-over to that source of energy which is available in abundant supply. It is taken for granted, for example, that coal will play a major role in the future and that the relative share of oil will decline with the passage of time. It is too simplistic to assume that a time series analysis will give the likely clues as to the pattern of switch-over from one source of energy to another. There has been a radical change in the structure of exchange relations between the …

National And Regional Agricultural Impact Of Natural Gas Deregulation And Curtailment Under A High Export Scenario, Barton C. English, Earl O. Heady, Dan Dvoskin

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

An interregional national linear program ring model is used to evaluate the national and regional inpacts cn agriculture of two alternative natural gas policies -- curtailment to irrigation and deregulation. Energy use, agricultural production, commodity shadow prices, and resource use under natural gas curtailment and deregulation are compared to a base nn without these policy changes.

Analysis Of Residential Electric Demand In Southwestern Indiana, Mangi L. Agarwal

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study analyzes the residential demand for electricity in the Southern Indiana Gas and Electric Company service area. It explores the many variables which may contribute to electricity consumption. It also attempts to synthesize various weather and climatic data into one variable called the "comfort index" which may explain part of the electricity consumption. In estimating the demand equations, monthly data for twelve years have been used.

Gasification Of Municipal Solid Waste In A Fluidized Bed Reactor, Craig W. Mosley, Radon Tolman

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Results of pilot plant municipal solid waste gasification studies conducted at the Adolph Coors Company, Golden, Colorado, are presented. The nominal one ton per hour, 150 psig, fluidized bed gasification system was operated during 1973- 1974 using steam and air as oxidants and fluidizing media. These studies show the feasibility of a one-stage, air blown, fluid bed MSW conversion system.

Burning Wood As A Supplement To Solid Waste, Andrew R. Banta, William P. Smith

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The University of Kansas at Lawrence uses natural gas and oil to generate steam for heating and other campus needs. The projected price increase of these fuels has led to a study of burning solid waste and wood. This study discusses the technical and economic considerations of burning wood. Topics included are sources and availability, collection and transportation, preparation and burning, and environmental effects. It is concluded that sufficient wood is available; truck transport is the only feasible option; drying some wood is desirable; and that the burning can be done separately or directly with the solid waste.

An Analysis Of Investments In Residential Energy Conservation In Southeast Missouri, Ralph Gunderson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study examines the economic feasibility of residential solar heating. Climatic and economic variables used in this report represent those of Cape Girardeau, Missouri. An annual cost model is used to determine the conditions under which solar heating achieves a reduced annual cost of heating relative to gas and electric heating systems.

Industrial Energy Conservation Through Boiler Operation Efficiency Improvement, Dupree Maples, G. D. Whitehouse

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A method of determining the minimum amount of oxygen in the flue gas which results in the most efficient combustion is discussed. Results of field test are presented. The magnitude of the stack gas losses is dependent on the stack gas composition determined by the fuel and quantity of excess air and the stack temperature.

Oil Shale Energy And The Environment, Stephen Utter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Shale oil can be produced from oil shale by true In situ, modified in situ, and surface retorting methods. Both modified in situ and surface methods require mining of the oil shale. The environmental Implications of an oil shale mining industry are reviewed and the impacts upon land use, air and water quality, and ecological systems discussed. The Bureau's mining environmental research program is described and the results to date summarized.

New Concept In Louver Blade Design Reduces Energy Losses, Peggy Kitchen, R. David Moore

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A new louver blade design, developed through extensive wind tunnel tests, employs an airfoil shape with excellent aerodynamic characteristics. Stressed-skin construction adds strength and rigidity permitting the use of longer blades and the elimination of unnecessary frame sections. Lever arms and linkage rods are placed out of the airstream, further reducing resistance to airflow. Louvers and dampers employing this design will have a pressure drop of from 1/4 to 1/10 that of units of traditional design.

Fuel Gas From Wood Waste, V. K. Mathur, R. A. Caughey

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Design, construction and operation of a new type of gasifier for the production of fuel gas from wood waste (sawdust, chips, bark, etc.) are discussed. Data obtained from pilot plants are presented. The gasifier is inexpensive, easy to operate and has about 95% efficiency.

Banquet Speaker: Energy -- What We Must Do, Peter Van Nort

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

You have heard for the last two days and will hear tomorrow relative to energy what people are planning, what is being researched, what is proposed, what is possible, what is being tested, etc. I would like to tell you what each of us must do relative to energy. I hope you will excuse me for being presumptuous….

The message might better be called a plea -- a plea from one person committed to the great- ness of this country and more importantly, committed to its survival in its present form….

We are in a crisis….Never before have we run …

Heat Recovery System For Glass Melting Furnace, Milton J. Murry

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The installation and operating of a 100 ton per day glass melting furnace by Flat River Glass Company to make specialty bottles provided an excellent opportunity for recovery of waste heat. The furnace operates at 2300°F, and four feeders to bottle making machines operate at 2100“F. The 120,000 s.f. packaging area is next to the furnace bay, and it is heated solely by reclaimed heat from the melting furnace bay.

There are two systems that are used to transfer this waste heat from the furnace area to the packaging area. The first of these systems is a water loop. Water …

An Analysis Of Solar Heating Costs In Arkansas Broiler Houses, Ralph Gunderson, J. Martin Redfern

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study is based on the computer simulation model of a solar heated broiler house in four locations in Arkansas. This simulation model estimated the annual energy savings in each broiler house due to the installation of a solar heating system. This paper uses present value analysis to estimate the life cycle costs of heating conventional and solar heated broiler houses in the state of Arkansas. From these calculations, the number of years required to achieve a break-even cost of heating is estimated.

The Development Of Coal-Based Emulsions And Their Potential Impact On The National Economy, Murphy I. Song

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The proposed national energy policy emphasizes the use of coal replacing oil and gas. Coal-oil mixture (COM) can be produced using techniques developed in recent years to replace oil and gas. Large existing utility and industrial boilers could be converted to bum COM by retrofitting the boilers. In addition, the COM provides definite financial advantages to the owners of large utility and industrial boilers. The use of COM impacts on the national economy through new investment for retrofitting utility and industrial boilers, through reduced importation of residual oil, and through increased demand for coal.