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Articles 291091 - 291120 of 302522

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Potential Value Of Genetically Sterile Norway Rats In Regulating Wild Populations, Bryan P. Glass Mar 1974

The Potential Value Of Genetically Sterile Norway Rats In Regulating Wild Populations, Bryan P. Glass

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

I appreciate the invitation to address this assembly, and hasten to inform you that I come before you as a Director and representative of the Introgene Foundation of Oklahoma City, not as one who has been actively performing the research of which I shall speak, although I have been following it very closely for approximately five years. I am grateful to the Foundation for sending me to this Conference to present this paper.

The biological control of animal populations took on a new dimension with the development of radiation-induced sterility in the screw-fly some two decades ago, and since that …

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The European Rabbit Problem In New Zealand, Michael E. R. Godfrey Mar 1974

The European Rabbit Problem In New Zealand, Michael E. R. Godfrey

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Although in much smaller numbers now than previously, the European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is still a major pest and a significant threat to agriculture, particularly sheep farming. The total cost of rabbit control is about NZ$5 million and the net annual return due to increased agricultural production has been calculated at about NZ$60 million . Aerial poisoning using 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) on carrot baits is the most effective means of controlling the European Rabbit currently used in New Zealand. Approximately 600,000 acres are treated annually at a cost of about NZ$300,000. Due to the extremely rapid replacement of …

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The Effects Of A Chemosterilant (Mestranol) On Population And Behavior In The Richardson's Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Richardsonii) In Alberta, Louise A. Goulet, R. M. F. S. Sadleir Mar 1974

The Effects Of A Chemosterilant (Mestranol) On Population And Behavior In The Richardson's Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Richardsonii) In Alberta, Louise A. Goulet, R. M. F. S. Sadleir

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

A chemosterilant, mestranol, was administered to three populations of Richardson's ground squirrel in southeastern Alberta. Mestranol was given to all squirrels in one plot, to only 50 percent in another plot, while a third plot remained as control. In all plots social behavior and population dynamics were followed over two seasons by live trapping and visual observations.

Mestranol sterilized all females who received the drug shortly before or in early pregnancy; accordingly the birth rates were reduced. Levels of total aggression were also reduced but increased survival and immigration rates nullified the effects of the treatment during the first season. …

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The Role Of W.H.O. In The Study And Control Of Rodent-Borne Disease, N.G. Gratz Mar 1974

The Role Of W.H.O. In The Study And Control Of Rodent-Borne Disease, N.G. Gratz

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

While little information is available on the distribution and incidence of most of the diseases with rodent reservoirs, many of them are known to be widespread and may have considerable public health importance in some of the foci in which they are found. The World Health Organization is carrying out investigations on the epidemiology of several diseases with rodent reservoirs and on the biology and ecology of the rodent reservoir species themselves. These investigations are being carried out both at WHO research u n i t s and with collaborating laboratories. Based on the ecological information the organization is attempting …

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Rabies Vector Control In Alberta, J.B. Gurba Mar 1974

Rabies Vector Control In Alberta, J.B. Gurba

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Following the last serious outbreak of rabies in 1952-57, the province of Alberta remained virtually free of the disease for 13 years. In 1970 a sudden increase occurred with 16 cases in various species. The Alberta Central Rabies Control Committee was reactivated to cope with the situation. Pre-immunization of high risk personnel and domestic pets was initiated along with supportive research to monitor infection rates in various species. Vector control programs were established to stop the spread of rabies by known wildlife vectors, particularly skunks (Mephitis mephitis) which had brought rabies across the great plains to the Alberta-Saskatchewan …

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Keynote Address--Vertebrate Pest Animals In The Province Of The Cape Of Good Hope, Republic Of South Africa, Douglas D. Hey Mar 1974

Keynote Address--Vertebrate Pest Animals In The Province Of The Cape Of Good Hope, Republic Of South Africa, Douglas D. Hey

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Southern Africa is renowned for its wealth of animal life both in numbers and variety. Antelope in countless herds once roamed the plains , while the large mammals, the so-called big game, have drawn hunters to this continent from all over the world. Selected wildlife products such as ivory, rhino horn and skins have been articles of trade for centuries. But far more important, zoologically, is the fact that in this region representative of 51 families of mammals occurs, a greater variety than are to be found in any other zoo-geographical region. These are all placental mammals, and no monotremes …

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Dual Role Of Forbs And Rodenticides In The Ground Spray Control Of Pine Mice, Frank Horsfall Jr., R.E. Webb, Ross E. Byers Mar 1974

Dual Role Of Forbs And Rodenticides In The Ground Spray Control Of Pine Mice, Frank Horsfall Jr., R.E. Webb, Ross E. Byers

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Highly effective controls for the pine mouse (Pitymys pinetorum) were obtained for three years in apple orchards by means of herbaceous ground cover sprays of [(chloro 4 phenyl) 1 phenyl] acetyl 2 dioxo 1-3 indane at a rate of 0.2 lb. per acre of actual orchard. This toxicant from Europe is designated there as chlorophacinone. The spray residue persists for a maximum of about 30 days and was not found to be translocated to fruits nor was it detected in runoff water. Ingestion of the lethal agent is markedly enhanced by an adequate presence of forbs in the treated greenery. …

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The Relationship Of Quelea Migrations To Cereal Crop Damage In The Lake Chad Basin, Jeffrey J. Jackson Mar 1974

The Relationship Of Quelea Migrations To Cereal Crop Damage In The Lake Chad Basin, Jeffrey J. Jackson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Quelea quelea and some other species of weaverbirds (Ploceidae) cause severe damage to cereal crops in sahelian zones of Africa. Recent observations of weaverbird damage to cereals in the Lake Chad Basin show that crops grown in certain places at particular times are more l i k e l y to be damaged than others. Timing of harvest by varying plan tin g times and selection of short-cycle cereals may avoid damage in some situations.

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Nesting Success Of Quelea Quelea With One Parent Removed And Observations On Roosting Behavior, With Implications For Control, Jeffrey A. Jackson Mar 1974

Nesting Success Of Quelea Quelea With One Parent Removed And Observations On Roosting Behavior, With Implications For Control, Jeffrey A. Jackson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Avicidal sprays are likely to continue to be a major tool in controlling Quelea quelea nesting colonies when they are found in cereal producing areas. New observations on nesting behavior indicate that a single parent cannot successfully care for the nest if the other parent is destroyed before the eggs have hatched. During the incubation period, Quelea return earlier in the evening and males are more concentrated in night roosting areas than after the eggs have hatched. These factors indicate that for the most efficient control, the best time to spray nesting colonies is before hatching begins.

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Opening Comments – Sixth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Warren V. Johnson Mar 1974

Opening Comments – Sixth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Warren V. Johnson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

On behalf of the California Vertebrate Pest Committee, I want to extend a welcome to the sixth meeting of the Vertebrate Pest Conference.

With this welcome, I would like to remind you that this is your Conference and hope that you will benefit from the program that has been arranged as well as the opportunity to become acquainted with and exchange ideas and information with your fellow workers in vertebrate pest control and associated fields. As has been said before, it is a great tribute to this Conference to have noted scientists willing to travel across the nation, from Canada …

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The Detection Of Exotic Vertebrate Pests In California, Michael O. Keffer Mar 1974

The Detection Of Exotic Vertebrate Pests In California, Michael O. Keffer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Numerous exotic vertebrates are imported into California each year for use in scientific research, zoological gardens, the commercial pet trade, and private collections. Certain of these imported species are known within their native range to depredate agricultural commodities, compete with other species of wildlife , and facilitate the spread of. diseases detrimental to humans or other animals.

The California Department of Food and Agriculture, in cooperation with other governmental agencies and conservation-oriented societies, is active in the exclusion, detection, and eradication of these detrimental species. Exclusion procedures include inspections of air cargo, truck, and postal terminals in addition to private …

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Feral Pigeon Control, Lester B. Krebs Mar 1974

Feral Pigeon Control, Lester B. Krebs

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Feral pigeons, problem birds common to most American cities and farms, are descendants of the Rock Dove (Columba livia) of North Africa and Europe. They were brought to America as domestic poultry by the first European settlers and have since escaped. They are not truly "wild", as their existence depends upon man's activities. An adult pigeon will eat about a pound of food a week, consisting primarily of grain spilled around elevators, rail road yards and feed lots or fed by bird lovers at city parks. Pigeons are usually monogamous. The female lays 1 to 2 eggs, 8 …

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Oregon's Nutria Problem, Lee W. Kuhn, E. Paul Peloquin Mar 1974

Oregon's Nutria Problem, Lee W. Kuhn, E. Paul Peloquin

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

The nutria or coypu, Myocastor coypus, is a large semi-aquatic rodent that superficially resembles an overgrown muskrat or a stunted beaver. They were introduced into Oregon from about 1930 to the 195O's. At one time Oregon had more than 600 fur farmers raising these animals for fur; now there are none. Some animals escaped and many others were released into the wild when it became apparent that pelt values were nonexistent and production costs greatly exceeded profits. Being prolific and quite mobile the nutria quickly spread through much of western Oregon. By the 1960's damage to agricultural crops was …

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Rare And Endangered Wildlife Problems And Solutions, Howard R. Leach Mar 1974

Rare And Endangered Wildlife Problems And Solutions, Howard R. Leach

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Worldwide concern over vanishing species prompted a World Wildlife Conference in Washington, D. C. on February 12 - March 2, 1973 which resulted in a Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Enactment of the Endangered Species Conservation Act of 1973 by Congress places all endangered species native to United States under jurisdiction of the Federal Government.

The California Endangered Species Conservation and California Species Preservation Act enacted by the California Legislature in 1970 has resulted in a listing of 49 California animals declared rare or endangered. Efforts to protect and enhance threatened species are …

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Mestranol As A Repellent To Protect Douglas-Fir Seed From Deer Mice, Gerald D. Lindsey, Richard M. Anthony, James Evans Mar 1974

Mestranol As A Repellent To Protect Douglas-Fir Seed From Deer Mice, Gerald D. Lindsey, Richard M. Anthony, James Evans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Mestranol** [3-Methoxy-19-nor-l7α-pregna-l,3,5 (10)-trien-20-yn-l7-ol (C21H26O2)] was tested at 2 percent (active) as a repellent for protecting Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seed from deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). In 5-day laboratory bioassays, deer mice consumed 61 to 66 percent fewer mestranol-treated seeds than control seeds; these results were about equal to those with a standard 0.5 percent (active) endrin seed treatment. Deer mice showed a progressive aversion to the mestranol seed treatment from 24 percent to 76 percent in 5 days. Thereafter, with minimal reinforcement, avoidance was maintained at 90 to 99 percent for …

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The Significance Of Preference In Laboratory Bait Acceptance Studies, James G. Miller Mar 1974

The Significance Of Preference In Laboratory Bait Acceptance Studies, James G. Miller

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

The palatability of rodenticide baits has recently been the subject of renewed interest in industry and regulatory agencies. The requirement that a bait, especially those with anticoagulant rodenticides, be consumed by the target species is a fundamental requirement for effectiveness. This has been overlooked at times, with the result that in some instances, rodenticides have been relatively ineffective due to a lack of acceptance.

The measurement of palatability and rodent acceptance is a controversial area. The procedures used have been subjected to criticism, often uninformed criticism, and the projection of the experimental data to use conditions has also been debated. …

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Muskrat Control And Damage Prevention, James E. Miller Mar 1974

Muskrat Control And Damage Prevention, James E. Miller

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Although the muskrat, Ondatra zibethica, is native throughout most of the United States and has been a mainstay of the fur business, in recent years it has become a serious pest causing extensive damage to some specific crops, as well as to earthen water-holding structures. Damage caused by muskrats to rice crops, food fish, and bait fish reservoirs in Arkansas was estimated in 1967 to be almost $900,000. A control program begun in October, 1967, directed principally at muskrat control, proved a significant aid in reducing damage. This program provided Arkansas farmers and landowners with practical, effective methods and …

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Vertebrates...And The Conflicts In Public Image, Donald D. Miller Mar 1974

Vertebrates...And The Conflicts In Public Image, Donald D. Miller

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

A few words about words.

A word is a trigger of a thought. It is a symbol which turns the switch of action. It can build rocket ships or cut diamonds. It can levy taxes or drop bombs. But to us, the real power of words is found in their ability to unlock one of the greatest resources of all--human thought.

A single word can start the mind racing to find a multitude of associations—-drawing out background, stored information—-and weaving a pattern of thought. At times these word-inspired thoughts are actually packaged in the brain in an extensive network of …

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Activities Of The Rodent Branch Of The European And Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (Eppo), Arvo Myllymaki Mar 1974

Activities Of The Rodent Branch Of The European And Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (Eppo), Arvo Myllymaki

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

The European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO/OEPP) is a regional, governmental body, which has 33 member countries in Europe, North Africa, and Middle East. Its former activities were mainly concentrated on phytosanitary problems, but recently more attention has been paid on coordinating research activities and, especially, on problems associated with the use of pesticides in plant protection. On the Rodent Branch EPPO has at present three working units:

1. The Working Group on Field Rodents, concentrated primarily on biological aspects of the control of Microtines and other injurious rodents causing damage on field crops, horticulture, and forestry.

2. The …

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Laboratory Testing Of Albino Rats With Anticoagulant Rodenticides, Steve D. Palmateer Mar 1974

Laboratory Testing Of Albino Rats With Anticoagulant Rodenticides, Steve D. Palmateer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

The results of testing dry anticoagulant baits at the Animal Biology Laboratory are evaluated in this paper. Overall, 14,940 rats were committed to these tests resulting in a mortality rate of 91 . 8 percent. The five chemicals tested and their mean mortality per test are: Diphacinone (93.5 percent), Pival (87.5 percent), Warfarin (93.9 percent), Prolin (91.2 percent), and Fumarin (92.8 percent).

The data indicates that 77.4 percent of the tests conducted resulted in a mortality of 90 percent or greater, but only 11.9 percent of them resulted in acceptance of 33 percent or greater and mortality of 90 percent …

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Rodent Control Activities When Direct Seeding Forest Lands In Northern California, Peter C. Passof Mar 1974

Rodent Control Activities When Direct Seeding Forest Lands In Northern California, Peter C. Passof

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

The author reviews the changing use of rodenticides for deer mouse control over the past decade. He summarizes the operational procedures associated with direct seeding of forest lands by helicopter and the related practices of forest rodent control as they exist in the north coastal region of California. A description of the various field studies on Peromyscus baits and seed repellents presented to indicate the extent of local research activity in this increasingly important area of forest regeneration.

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Alpha-Naphthylthiourea As A Conditioning Repellent For Protecting Conifer Seed, Peter C. Passof, Rex E. Marsh, Walter E. Howard Mar 1974

Alpha-Naphthylthiourea As A Conditioning Repellent For Protecting Conifer Seed, Peter C. Passof, Rex E. Marsh, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

The object of this study was to find an alternative rodent repellent to take the place of endrin when direct seeding to regenerate coniferous forests. Compounds with aversive conditioning repellent attributes were screened. Even though still falling far short of endrin, which also acts as a lethal rodenticide, alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU) treated seed produced about twice as many seedlings as did the untreated seed. Both the laboratory and field evaluation procedures and results are discussed. It is hoped that with more research the efficacy of ANTU as a seed protectant can be further improved. The compound is much too promising to …

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Feral Hogs-Boon Or Burden, Daniel C. Pattern Mar 1974

Feral Hogs-Boon Or Burden, Daniel C. Pattern

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Feral hogs (Sus scrofa L. ) have long been considered a pest by most land managers because of the potential range and pasture damage that can result from their feeding habits. In recent years however, second only to deer, feral hogs have become the most sought after big game animal in California. Their great reproductive capacity coupled with the ruggedness of their preferred habitat has allowed the California State Fish and Game Department to set liberal seasons and bag limits. The freedom to work within the states liberal framework has prompted some private land managers to look at controlled …

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A New Series Of Selective Rodenticides, David L. Peardon Mar 1974

A New Series Of Selective Rodenticides, David L. Peardon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

A new series of target-specific, single-dose rodenticides has been discovered by Rohm and Haas Company (Peardon, 1972; Peardon et al., 1972). One compound, RH-787, best exemplifies the balance of desirable qualities of a good rodenticide. It is effective against a broad spectrum of pest rodents, has a desirable margin of safety in non-target animals, is well accepted in baits, causes no secondary hazard problems and is effective against "Warfarin-resistant" (anticoagulant-resistant) rats. This material will become commercially available upon receipt of registration from the EPA.

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Urbanized Wildlife, Robert L. Pope Mar 1974

Urbanized Wildlife, Robert L. Pope

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Man with his continual movement and his need to construct has devastated the wilderness. Provided with man's year-round lush vegetation, his sheltered and protected area, wildlife has adapted to urbanization.

Urbanized wildlife is not always tolerated by man. Management of vertebrate pests in urban areas is specialized. Toxic baits or hazardous techniques are avoided to prevent exposure to people, pets, and other non-targets. Birds, as woodpeckers, crows, and hawks, which are urbanized wildlife in wooden and other structures of parks, residences, and airports, can be controlled by wire screens, topping trees, or removing their food source. Rodents, as rabbits and …

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Small Mammal Census And Control On A Hardwood Plantation, Andrew Radvanyi Mar 1974

Small Mammal Census And Control On A Hardwood Plantation, Andrew Radvanyi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

For centuries, Man has been at conflict with and has suffered untold crop losses to ubiquitous small mammals. Such losses may range from unnoticed removal of vegetation in hay and grain fields to 95-99 percent losses in unprotected orchards or forest plantations. A most dramatic and conspicuous type of damage occurs where large numbers of meadow voles cause excessive tree girdling damage to a wide variety of plantation grown trees.

Surveys of small mammal populations carried out on a hardwood plantation in southern Ontario during 1971-72-73 indicated the magnitude of the rodent problem. Control measures using broadcasting of anticoagulant-treated grain …

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Emergency Rabid Skunk Control In Montana, Kenneth Seyler, Carter Niemeyer Mar 1974

Emergency Rabid Skunk Control In Montana, Kenneth Seyler, Carter Niemeyer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

A maximum of 500 strychnine eggs were placed in designated skunk habitat within a three mile radius where rabid skunks were diagnosed as an emergency control method to reduce or prevent the spread of rabies in striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) populations in Northeastern Montana. The effects of strychnine on skunk and other non-target species populations were evaluated. When placed in primary skunk habitat, the toxicant eggs were selective in removing striped skunks. Scent post surveys indicated that skunk populations were reduced, while non-target species populations remained stable or increased in control areas. The effects of the toxicant egg …

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The Role Of F.A.O. In Vertebrate Pest Problems, H.R. Shuyler Mar 1974

The Role Of F.A.O. In Vertebrate Pest Problems, H.R. Shuyler

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Since 1947, when FAO began its involvement in vertebrate pest problems, its role has gradually expanded. Through short-term Consultants, Experts, Regional and Headquarters Officers, it advises Member Countries about vertebrate pest control needs and opportunities, fulfills requests for assistance suggesting needed modifications, and guides and reports on assistance rendered. Assistance may involve one or more international specialists for a few weeks up to national and regional projects of several years' duration. In cooperation with WHO it sponsors meetings of specialists, develops rodenticide specifications for international commerce, and has published rodent bibliographies covering 1950 to 1969.

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Trapping: A Continuous Integral Part Of A Rodent Control Programme, H.R. Shuyler, R.F. Sun Jr. Mar 1974

Trapping: A Continuous Integral Part Of A Rodent Control Programme, H.R. Shuyler, R.F. Sun Jr.

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

Trapping is usually considered a rodent control technique of minor importance. Due to the economic situation in the Dumaguete, Philippines program from which this report is drawn, regular trapping was a biological necessity. Four species of rodents and a shrew were of concern. A continuing daily trapping program was developed from a field study of trap bait acceptability. Trap baits were reused every 23 days. Alternate baits were selected. Trap usage techniques were designed to optimize the results. Trap-bait shyness and trap shyness effects were observed but were not a major problem.

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Closing Remarks–Sixth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Charles C. Siebe Mar 1974

Closing Remarks–Sixth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Charles C. Siebe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)

On behalf of the California Vertebrate Pest Committee I would like to thank you for the interest and attention that you have shown throughout this Conference.

It is the participation of those interested in vertebrate pest control that make for the success or failure of our Conference.

We have had participation during this Conference from people from ten foreign countries and twenty-seven states.

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