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Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Toward An Energy Policy, Dean E. Abrahamson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The lack of a national policy on fuels and energy at a time of concern about the future supply and demand for energy and the environmental effects of creating energy is examined. Alternatives to present practices in generating and utilizing power are considered along with suggestions for measuring the "energy cost" of technological progress.

Front Matter

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Pollution From Sewage Loading In River And Lakes Downstream From Bemidji, James Ludwig

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The deleterious effects and downstream distribution of pollutants from domestic sewage discharged at Bemidji, Minnesota, are examined with reference lo parameters for pollution as defined by the state's Pollution Control Agency (PCA). Periodic overloading of the resort city's sewage treatment plant also is considered, along with problems pertinent to a community upstream of popular vacation facilities on a lake and river system.

A Water Quality Survey, Dale E. Mcmichael

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Representative factors influencing water quality in the Albert Lea, Minnesota area were chosen as to assess water quality and changes in the watershed which has been described as an earlier valley of the Shell Rock River.

Parameters representative of chemical, bacterial, and thermal pollution were, respectively, total phosphorous, total and fecal coliform counts, and temperature. Statistical analysis has revealed that significant differences in some parameters measured do exist when various sampling stations of a given sampling date are compared. Statistical analysis also has indicated that correlations do exist between fluctuation patterns when all sampling stations of a given sampling date …

Some Aspects Of Ties In Wilcoxon Signed Ranks, Kathleen M. Keenan

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Assuming basic principles of statistical inference, the signed rank and rank sum hypothesis testing procedures of Wilcoxon ore reviewed briefly and illustrated. Some recent literature of interest is cited. The problem of ranking tied data is considered, and the effect of ties on the distribution of the signed rank statistic is examined.

Nickel Mining And The Bwca: A Question Of Priorities, Walter E. Parham

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A conflict in potential land use of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) exists between those who wish to see the area open to mining and those who want it retained as a natural wilderness. A review of information available to the public which relates to possible nickel mining within the BWCA suggests that the BWCA itself in its natural state is a more valuable resource to the people of the United States than it is as a source for nickel. The high U.S. rate of consumption of nickel, our use of nickel in products in which it is non-essential, …

Some Classes Of Hadamard Matrices With Constant Diagonal, Jennifer Seberry, Albert Leon Whiteman

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

The concepts of circulant and back circulant matrices are generalized to obtain incidence matrices of subsets of finite additive abelian groups. These results are then used to show the existence of skew-Hadamard matrices of order 8(4f+l) when f is odd and 8f + 1 is a prime power. This shows the existence of skew-Hadamard matrices of orders 296, 592, 1184, 1640, 2280, 2368 which were previously unknown.

A Construction For Hadamard Arrays, Joan Cooper, Jennifer Seberry

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

We give a construction for Hadamard arrays and exhibit the arrays of orders 4t , tE{l,3,5,7, ... 19} This gives seventeen new Hadamard matrices of order less than 4000.

Orthogonal (0,1,-1) Matrices, Jennifer Seberry

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

We study the conjecture: There exists a square (0,l,-l)-matrix W = W(w,k) of order w satisfying

WW^T= kI_w

for all k = 0, 1,..., w when w = 0 (mod 4). We prove the conjecture is true for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 40 and give partial results for 36, 44, 52, 56.

On Integer Matrices Obeying Certain Matrix Equations, Jennifer Seberry

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

We discuss integer matrices B of odd order v which satisfy

Br = ± B, BBr = vI - J, BJ = O.

Matrices of this kind which have zero diagonal and other elements ± 1 give rise to skew-Hadamard and n-type matrices; we show that the existence of a skew-Hadamard (n-type) matrix of order h implies the existence of skew-Hadamard (n-type) matrices of orders (h - 1)⁵ + 1 and (h - 1)⁷ + 1. Finally we show that, although there are matrices B with elements other than ± 1 and 0, the equations force considerable restrictions …

Cyclotomy, Hadamard Arrays And Supplementary Difference Sets, David C. Hunt, Jennifer Seberry

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

A 4n x 4n Hadamard array, H, is a square matrix of order 4n with elements ± A, ± B, ± C, ± D each repeated n times in each row and column. Assuming the indeterminates A, B, C, D commute, the row vectors of H must be orthogonal. These arrays have been found for n = 1 (Williamson, 1944), n = 3 (Baumert-Hall, 1965), n = 5 (Welch, 1971), and some other odd n < 43 (Cooper, Hunt, Wallis).

The results for n = 25, 31, 37, 41 are presented here, as is a result for n = 9 not based on supplementary difference …

Huxley Humus, 1972, Volume 02, Issue 01, Shriley Weston, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

Historical Collection of Huxley Newsletters

No abstract provided.

On Supplementary Difference Sets, Jennifer Seberry

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

Given a finite abelian group V and subsets S₁, S₂, ... ,S_n of V, write T_i for the totality of all the possible differences between elements of S_i (with repetitions counted multiply) and T for the totality of members of all the T_i. If T contains each non-zero element of V the same number of times, then the sets S_1, S₂,...,S_n will be called supplementary difference sets.

We discuss some properties for such sets, give some existence theorems and observe their use in the construction of Hadamard …

Miocene Amphicyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora) From The Agate Spring Quarries, Sioux County, Nebraska, Robert M. Hunt Jr.

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

The Miocene late Arikareean land mammal "age" is largely defined by the faunal assemblage from the Agate Spring Quarries and other nearby localities in the Harrison Formation of Sioux County, Nebraska. Amphicyonid carnivores of the genera Cynelos Jourdan and Ysengrinia Ginsburg were previously known only from European Oligocene and Miocene deposits. These genera are now known from the Harrison Formation of Sioux and Box Butte counties, western Nebraska, and therefore the late Arikareean fauna now includes three amphicyonids: Cynelos sp., (?) Ysengrinia sp., Daphoenodon superbus Peterson. The stage of evolution of these carnivores suggests a correlation of the Agate Spring …

Heavy Metals - An Inventory Of Existing Conditions, M. E. Bender, R. J. Huggett, H. D. Slone

VIMS Articles

In this paper we report on studies undertaken to: (1) establish 1nercury levels in biota and sediments from the lower portion of Chesapeake Bay; (2) describe the pattern of metal distribution in oysters from 3 Virginia estuaries; and (3) determine if estuarine sediments can be used to detect the effects of man's activities on the environn1e nt. To date, mercury analyses of biota from the Bay area have sho\vn no levels in excess of FDA guidelines, nor have they indicated any influence of man's activities in the areas studies. Oysters have been shown to vary naturally in their body burdens …

Application Of The Weiss Molecular Field Theory To The B‐Site Spinel, W. E. Holland, Harry A. Brown

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A molecular field treatment of the B‐site spinel was used to determine the ordering temperatures and the asymptotic Curie temperature in terms of the exchange integrals. The theory was developed from a 16‐sublattice model and took into account interactions between an atom and its nearest to fourth‐nearest neighbors. Experimental values of the ordering temperatures and the asymptotic Curie temperature were then used to determine the exchange integrals for the systems Hg1−xCdx Cr2 S4, CdCr2S4(1−y)Se4y, and Zn1−xCdxCr2Se4. Copyright © 1972 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

Excited-Ion Lifetimes Using Penning-Ionizing Collisions, William F. Parks, Laird D. Schearer

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We show that in the Penning-ionizing collision He(23S1)+X→He(11S0)+(X+)*+e the precession of the Hem spin at its Larmor frequency forces the J polarization of the Penning ion to rotate at the same frequency but shifted in phase. The tangent of the phase shift is proportional to the lifetime of the ionic state and presents a unique method for measuring excited-ion lifetimes. © 1972 The American Physical Society.

Ecological Significance Of Vegetation To Northern Pike, Esox Lucius, Spawning, D. B. Mccarraher, Robert E. Thomas

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

Since 1955, information has been collected from six Nebraska sandhill lakes to evaluate northern pike spawning success based on type of aquatic vegetation preferred by pike for spawning. The lakes, all located in Cherry County, were Big Alkali, Watts, Hackberry, Cottonwood, Shell, and Pelican. Several investigators have commented that pike year class strength is closely related to type and abundance of aquatic vegetation present in a lake (Clark and Steinbach, 1959; Forney, 1967). Documented information on spawning habitats is scant other than vague references to pike spawning over submerged vegetation or inundated meadows.

Interactions Of Pesticides And Phytoplankton, Pamela H. Philyaw

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Le Cinquantenaire Du Premier Institut De Spéléologie Du Monde, Traian Orghidan

International Journal of Speleology

Description of the activities carried out by the first speleological institute of the world, the Institutul de Spéologie “Emil Racovitza”, founded in 1920 at Cluj in Romania.

On The Food And Feeding Habits Of Lepidomysis Longipes (Pillai & Mariamma) (Crustacea Mysidacea), C. N. Nath, N. K. Pillai

International Journal of Speleology

The amount of food available to the subterranean mysid, Lepidomysis longipes (Pillai & Mariamma, 1964) in its habitat has been calculated and analysed. Lepidomysis appears to feed mainly on decaying vegetable matter. Lepidomysis shows many modifications in its external morphology. Consequently, the mode of feeding has undergone some marked changes from that of its epigean relatives. L. longipes is a discontinuous feeder.

Observations Sur Un Aselle Obscuricole De France: Proasellus Racovitzai N.Sp. (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota), Jean-Paul Henry, Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

This paper reports the description of a new species of the genus Proasellus Dudich. Proasellus racovitzai n.sp. is widely depigmented. The eyes are reduced. It lives in the underground stream of the Goueil-di-Her cave system (Haute-Garonne, France). The species is an old, endemic form of the phyletic line of the modern epigean species P. meridianus (Racovitza). Chromosome number of the new species: 2n = 22.

Biométrie Spatiale Dans L'Écosystème Souterrain: Répartition De Meta Menardi Latr. (Argiopidae), R. R. Tercafs

International Journal of Speleology

The spatial distribution of 113 individuals from the species Meta menardi Latr. (Argiopidae) divided in 10 different populations living in 8 Belgian caves has been studied. A grouping test and the calculation of R according to Clark et Evans (1954), based on the measurement of the distance to the nearest neighbour, have been used. Results show that the individuals are distributed at random inside their biotope.

Adsorption Of Dichromate At The Air-Solution Interface, Josephine Juch Wang

Masters Theses

"The adsorption of dichromate ion with the surfactants, tetradecylpyridinium bromide and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide at the air-solution interface was studied by surface tension and turbidity measurements in order to better understand the process of ion flotation. Surface tension measurements were used to study the effect of dichromate ion concentration on precipitation in dilute surfactant solutions. At higher concentration, near and above the cmc, light scattering was used to detect precipitation. The concentration of dichromate required to cause precipitation decreases with increasing surfactant concentration until the erne is approached, after which increasing concentrations of dichromate are required with increasing concentration of surfactant. …

A Paleomagnetic Reconnaissance Of The Platoro Caldera, Southeastern San Juan Mountains, Colorado, Jimmy F. Diehl

WWU Graduate School Collection

Paleomagnetic results have been obtained from twenty-five sites in intrusive and extrusive units of Oligocene age from the Platoro caldera, southwestern Colorado, All specimens from each site were subjected to af demagnetization, and the reliability of each site thereby determined. Eighteen sites gave reliable results. Because six sites from the La Jara Canyon tuff appear to have become magnetized during the same small interval of geologic time, their results were combined and their mean pole and direction used in the final calculations. The thirteen remaining reliable sites yielded a paleomagnetic pole at 84.5°N and 306.5°E (o< = 12.9°, k = 11.2). Site-mean directions have an angular standard deviation of 18°, which is considerably greater than the dispersion predicted by models based on the present geomagnetic field but consistent with results from Late Tertiary and Quaternary studies. Because site-mean directions and site poles both have Fisherian distribution, it is not possible to determine whether dipole wobble or random fluctuation caused by a changing non-dipole field could be the cause of the geomagnetic secular variation during the Oligocene; probably both contribute. Interpretations based on mid-Tertiary paleomagnetic poles are consistent with those derived from sea-floor magnetic anomaly patterns, and possibly indicate that some true polar wandering has occurred since the mid-Tertiary, Due to lack of resolution in potassium-argon dating, the polarity time-scale constructed from the Platoro caldera units can only be used as a guide for future paleomagnetic work and geological mapping in the area.

Biostratigraphy Of The Bilk Limestone (Permian), Northwestern Nevada, Erich Thomas

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Bilk Limestone (new manuscript name) described in this report is a carbonate sequence located in the Bilk Creek Mountains at the southernmost end of the Kings River Range (fig. 1), about 30 miles south of the town Denio in north-central Humboldt County, Nevada. This study investigates the biostratigraphy and general paleoecology of about 2900 feet of limestone of early to middle Permian (middle Wolfcampian to middle Leonardian) age. The limestone is interbedded with nodular chert and is considerably altered by faulting and fracturing with associated epigenetic dolomitization. The fossil content is varied, and in this report stress is placed …

Paleomagnetism Of The Snoqualmie Batholith Central Cascades, Washington, Suzanne J. Beske

WWU Graduate School Collection

Paleomagnetic results have been obtained from eight sites in the Miocene (15-18 m.y.) Snoqualmie batholith, Central Cascades, Washington. After ac magnetic cleaning, four magnetically stable sites remained, yielding a pole at 221.0°E, 84.5°N, (δ_p = 7.9, δ_m = 9.3, k = 286.4). A stability test was formulated based on the ratio of the intensity of natural remanent magnetism, NRM, (after ac demagnetization) to the weak field susceptibility. This ratio, Q_d proved effective in determining magnetically stable samples from samples showing a wide spectrum of stability from within the Snoqualmie batholith, and therefore, was strictly applied to all …

Clay Mineralogy Of Late Pleistocene Sequences In Northwestern Washington And Southwestern British Columbia, Michael Arthur Hepp

WWU Graduate School Collection

Pleistocene clay-bearing sediments of parts of northwestern Wash­ington and southwestern British Coliambia were studied in an attempt to determine the clay mineral composition of these units; the origin of these clay minerals; and any correlation between clay mineral composi­tion, sediment type, location, or probable geologic history of the sediments. The Pleistocene stratigraphy of the area is fairly well known, although in some specific locations the stratigraphy has not been determined. Recorded work in the region dates back to Dawson (1887). The units studied range in age from the greater than 50,000 year old Double Bluff Drift to Holocene (Recent) river …

A Sedimentary Core Analysis Of Late Pleistocene To Recent Sediments In A Portion Of Bellingham Bay, Washington, James T. Lowe

WWU Graduate School Collection

Sub-bottom profiles and core sampling indicate that a trough-like depression below the bay near South Bellingham is a Pleistocene erosional paleotopographic surface sloping bayward from the uplandds to the east. A series of Late Pleistocene glacial till and glaciomarine deposits overlie the erosional surface and fill the depression. The glacial deposits are overlain by Recent sand and mud deposits which are rich in wood fragments and shell materials.

Bellingham Bay is basin-shaped with a deep narrow trough to the west. The Pleistocene basement is generally structureless and conforms to the bay bottom. Several trough shaped depressions which are overlain by …