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Session 1: Water Research: Impacting The Lives Of Kentuckians, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Investigation and Remediation of an Urban Karst Groundwater Gasoline Leak at Lost River Cave, Bowling Green, Kentucky
• Spatial and Seasonal Variation in Concentrations of Disinfection Byproducts in the Public Drinking Water System of Martin County, Kentucky
• Farmer to Farmer: Virtual Shop Talks
• Solutions Begin with Understanding: Off-the-Grid Communities and Contaminated Karst Groundwater in Southcentral Kentucky*

Plenary Session, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

No abstract provided.

Proceedings Of 2021 Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

This symposium was planned and conducted as a part of the state water resources research institute annual program that is supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number G20AS00025 from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The contents of this proceedings document and the views and conclusions presented at the symposium are solely the responsibility of the individual authors and presenters and do not represent the official views of the USGS or of the symposium organizers and sponsors. This publication is produced with the understanding that the United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for government purposes. Mention of trade …

Supporting Data For Figures In "Freshwater Composition And Connectivity Of The Connecticut River Plume During Ambient Flood Tides", Michael M. Whitney

Department of Marine Sciences

Supporting data for figures in "Freshwater composition and connectivity of the Connecticut River plume during ambient flood tides" by Michael M. Whitney, Yan Jia, Kelly L. Cole, Daniel G. MacDonald, Kimberly D. Huguenard. The scientific journal article is published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2021). The main objectives of this study on the Connecticut River plume formed during ambient flood tidal conditions are: 1) determining the contributions of river source waters from different parts of the tidal cycle and 2) quantifying the degree and spatial distribution of connectivity of these source waters with the bounding plume fronts. A high-resolution numerical …

Supporting Data For "Freshwater Composition And Connectivity Of The Connecticut River Plume During Ambient Flood Tides", Michael M. Whitney

Department of Marine Sciences

Supporting data for figures in "Freshwater composition and connectivity of the Connecticut River plume during ambient flood tides" by Michael M. Whitney, Yan Jia, Kelly L. Cole, Daniel G. MacDonald, Kimberly D. Huguenard. The scientific journal article is published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2021). The main objectives of this study on the Connecticut River plume formed during ambient flood tidal conditions are: 1) determining the contributions of river source waters from different parts of the tidal cycle and 2) quantifying the degree and spatial distribution of connectivity of these source waters with the bounding plume fronts. A high-resolution numerical …

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No abstract provided.

Ligo’S Quantum Response To Squeezed States, L. Mcculler, S. E. Dwyer, A. C. Green, Haocun Yu, K. Kuns, L. Barsotti, C. D. Blair, D. D. Brown, A. Effler, Karla E. Ramirez

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Gravitational wave interferometers achieve their profound sensitivity by combining a Michelson interferometer with optical cavities, suspended masses, and now, squeezed quantum states of light. These states modify the measurement process of the LIGO, VIRGO and GEO600 interferometers to reduce the quantum noise that masks astrophysical signals; thus, improvements to squeezing are essential to further expand our gravitational view of the Universe. Further reducing quantum noise will require both lowering decoherence from losses as well more sophisticated manipulations to counter the quantum back-action from radiation pressure. Both tasks require fully understanding the physical interactions between squeezed light and the many components …

Effect Of Defoliation Frequency And Planting Density On Yield And Nutritive Value Of Coursetia Ferruginea (Hbk) Lavin, H. J. Delgado Gómez, R. González Anciani, G. López, D. Urdaneta, L. Ramírez Avilés

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The aim of the present study was to asses the influence of the frequency of defoliation and density of sowing on yield and nutritive value of Coursetia ferruginea. Three defoliation frequencies (6, 8 and 10 weeks) and three densities of planting (1 x 1 m, 1 x 1.5 m and 1 x 2 m) were evaluated. A randomized block design, in a split plot arrangement and four repetitions, was used. Frequency of defoliation has a strong significant (P< 0.01) effect on dry matter (DM) yield (13.6, 18.1 and 27.8 g DM/plant for 6, 8 and 10-week defoliation frequencies), plant height (63.5, 76.6 and 101.2 cm) and plant survival (71, 74 and 86%). Nutritive value was significantly (P< 0.05) affected by the frequency of defoliation. Mineral content was reduced as the defoliation interval increased. Density of planting did not affect (P> 0.05) any of the variables. It is concluded that, C. ferruginea is a forage shrub with potential to improve animal feed …

Leaf Elongation Rate Of Mediterranean And Temperate Tall Fescue Cultivars Under Water Deficit, Silvia G. Assuero, C. Matthew, Mónica G. Agnusdei

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The leaf elongation rate of a temperate (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and a Mediterranean (F. arundinacea var. letourneuxiana) tall fescue cultivar in response to water deficit was studied in a glasshouse experiment. Plants of both cultivars were grown in the same containers and received water daily with gradation in intensity of water deficit achieved by varying the daily water ration per container. Leaf elongation rate (LER) was calculated for eight successive subperiods during the application of the water treatments. Under the high temperatures registered in this experiment, the Mediterranean cultivar showed lower LERs and tended to be less …

Prediction Of Herbage Accumulation Of Cynodon Grasses By An Empirical Model Based On Temperature And Daylength, H. R. De Medeiros, Carlos G. S. Pedreira, N. A. Villa Nova, L. G. Barioni, A. C. C. Mello

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The objective of this work was to estimate dry matter production of Cynodon grasses as a function of photothermal units (PU). Total PU values were calculated for the period from February 1 to April 24, 1996, from a location in southeastern Brazil. Regression analysis was run between PU and herbage production from a published data set on five Cynodon cultivars, with an r² of 0.9983. Differences between measured and estimated values were under 5%. Model testing using an independent data set on herbage dry matter production from grazed Cynodon pastures showed an overestimation, probably due to water deficit during …

Geochemistry Of Phosphatic Nodules As A Tool For Understanding Depositional And Taphonomical Settings In A Palaeolithic Cave Site (San Teodoro, Sicily), Gerlando Vita, Vittorio Garilli, Mirko Andrea Vizzini, Renato Giarrusso, Angelo Mulone, Massimiliana Pinto Vraca, Valeria La Parola, Pierluigi Rosina, Laura Bonfiglio, Luca Sineo

International Journal of Speleology

Interpreting depositional settings of cave sites is generally problematic, especially in absence of paleontological/archaeological evidence. This is the case of some deposits at San Teodoro Cave (Sicily), a key site for the Mediterranean Palaeolithic. In a stratigraphic level interrupted by a carbonatic concretion, phosphatic nodules are present only in the part enclosed between the concretion and the cave wall. The discovery of these nodules combined with the punctual lack of fossils had initially suggested an erosion phenomenon and subsequent formation of nodules at a vadose level. Here we show the usefulness of an integrated, geochemical-paleoecological approach in defining stratigraphy and …

Water Management For Establishment Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.), J. B. Rassini, E. J. A. Leme

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

This research was carried out in 1997, at the “Centro de Ciências Agrárias” of the “Universidade Federal de São Carlos”, in Araras, SP, Brazil, to evaluate the behavior of three growth stages (S₁ = initial vegetative stage, S₂ = full vegetative stage, and S₃ = reproductive stage) of the “Crioula” alfalfa cultivar, in the presence of four water levels (L₁ = 100%, L₂ = 80%, L₃ = 45-50% and, L₄ =20-25% of a sprinkler irrigation) in a field trial. Growth stages changed according to water levels, and S₂ stage was the most …

High Salinity Effects On The Components Of Relative Growth Rate In Rhodes Grass, E. Taleisnik, L. García Seffino, A. Córdoba, K. Grunberg, C. Arias, M. De Luca

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth), is widely cultivated in the semiarid tropics and favored for its salt tolerance. Nevertheless, productivity decreases significantly under saline conditions, especially in tetraploid cultivars. The purpose of this work was to explore, in tetraploid cultivar Boma, the physiological causes for the observed salt-associated growth reduction. The effects of high salinity (200 mM NaCl) on the components of relative growth rate were analyzed in greenhouse experiments. An early reduction in leaf area expansion was observed, which later resulted in decreased dry matter accumulation. Plant leafiness was reduced by effects both on dry matter allocation to …

Evaluation Of Fertilizing Methods On The Establishment Of Pasture Species On Native Pasture By Direct Sowing, O. L. P. Oliveira, S. S. Gonzaga, J. O. N. Gonçalves, E. N. Muniz, T. M. S. Freitas, L. P. Grando

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The experiment was carried out in the southern of Brazil, by direct sowing ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), white clover (Trifolium repens), birds foot trifolium (Lotus corniculatus) and red clover (Trifolium pratensis) on native pasture. Herbicide Glyfosate was previously applied on this native pasture. The treatments were T1 -seed sowing in row with half fertilizer in row and half broadcasting; T2 – seed sowing in row with all fertilizer in row; T3 – seed sowing in row and all fertilizer broadcasting; T4 – seed and fertilizer broadcasting. The pasture was evaluated by two cuts …

Interactions Between The Effects Of Nitrogen, And Phosphorus, Potassium And Sulphur On Grass Production, J. D. Morton, L. C. Smith

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The interactions between rates of nitrogen (N) and rates of phosphorus (P), potassium (K) or sulphur (S) on yield of ryegrass dominant swards were measured with no return of mown clippings in Southland, New Zealand. In the second year of the trial, the yield response to 176 kg N ha^-1 compared with no N increased only slightly with increasing soil Olsen P from 8 to 91 µg g^-1 soil. At 352 and 704 kg N ha^-1 there was a large increase in the yield response (from 5 to 9.4 and 11 t DM ha^-1 respectively) up …

The Measure Aspect Of Quantum Uncertainty, Of Entanglement, And The Associated Entropies, Ivan Horváth

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Indeterminacy associated with the probing of a quantum state is commonly expressed through spectral distances (metric) featured in the outcomes of repeated experiments. Here, we express it as an effective amount (measure) of distinct outcomes instead. The resulting μ-uncertainties are described by the effective number theory whose central result, the existence of a minimal amount, leads to a well-defined notion of intrinsic irremovable uncertainty. We derive μ-uncertainty formulas for arbitrary set of commuting operators, including the cases with continuous spectra. The associated entropy-like characteristics, the μ-entropies, convey how many degrees of freedom are effectively involved in a given …

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No abstract provided.

Generative Adversarial Networks For Classic Cryptanalysis, Deanne Charan

Master's Projects

The necessity of protecting critical information has been understood for millennia. Although classic ciphers have inherent weaknesses in comparison to modern ciphers, many classic ciphers are extremely challenging to break in practice. Machine learning techniques, such as hidden Markov models (HMM), have recently been applied with success to various classic cryptanalysis problems. In this research, we consider the effectiveness of the deep learning technique CipherGAN---which is based on the well- established generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture---for classic cipher cryptanalysis. We experiment extensively with CipherGAN on a number of classic ciphers, and we compare our results to those obtained using HMMs.

Application Of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs) For Macronutrients Analysis In Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.), A. Morón, D. Cozzolino

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy was used to assess the mineral composition of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as a tool for nutritional diagnosis. One hundred and ninety four (n = 194) samples of alfalfa from different locations representing a wide range of soils were used. Samples were reflectance scanned in a NIRS 6500 (NIRSystems, USA) instrument. The coefficients of determination (R²) of the regression estimate of the concentration of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur and the errors in cross validation (SECV) were 0.93 (SECV: 1.6), 0.95 (SECV: 1.3), 0.93 (SECV: 1.9), 0.88 (SECV: 2.8), 0.82 (SECV: …

Phosphorus, Sulphur And Micronutrients On Grassland Improvement With White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) On Basaltic Soils In Uruguay, A. Morón, D. F. Risso

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Grasslands improvement with legumes is a promising technology for increasing forage quality and productivity on basaltic soils, but requires the correction of nutrient deficiencies. Phosphorus is a key element, but usual techniques of soil analysis are not good predictors. An experimental work was conducted in the northern region of the country. Evaluating the response of an improvement with white clover to P. Citric Acid showed a good association between soil P status and legume behavior. In addition there was a positive trend in forage production, in relation to S application, even though this effect was only significant in legume yield …

Effect Of Liquid Cattle Manure Application On The Botanical Composition Forage Dry Yield And Soil Chemical Characteristics In Mixed Pastures, J. K. Lee, W. H. Kim, D. E. Shin, S. Seo, G. J. Choi, E. S. Chung, G. J. Park

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Many farmers apply liquid cattle manure on grassland, often in excess of crop N requirement, resulting in groundwater contamination. Our experiment was carried out to determine the effect of liquid cattle manure application on the botanical composition, forage dry yield and soil chemical characteristics in mixed pastures at the forage experimental field, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Korea. Five treatments consisting of no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer (210kg N/ ha), liquid cattle manure (40, 60 and 80 ton N/ ha) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. No fertilizer treatment consistently had lower botanical composition rate of …

The Effect Of Fermented Saw-Dust Pig Manure On Forage Mineral Contents And Soil Fertility In Cheju Volcanic Ash Soil, M. C. Kim, T. G. Kim

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Studies were carried out to investigate the change of soil characteristics and pasture minerals as affected by fermented saw-dust pig manure(FSM) applied to mixed pasture of a brown volcanic ash soil during the period from October 1996 to October 1998. Pasture mixed with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) was treated with N 200kg/ha + P 300kg/ha +K 200kg/ha(T1), N 100kg/ha + 10 ton/ha FSM(T2), FSM 10 ton/ha(T3), 20ton/ha FSM(T4), 40ton/ha FSM(T5) or 80ton/ha FSM(T6). K and P contents of mixed pasture in the 3rd year after sowing increased significantly with increasing levels of …

Nutrient Dynamics And Inventory In Tropical Grassland Ecosystem In Southern India, K. Karunaichamy, Kailash Paliwal

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The present study was to ascertain the distribution of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) in the different plant components and in the soil top 30 cm at Kalikesam in Western Ghats region of southern India. Magnesium concentration increased in the order: dead shoots > belowground > litter > aboveground live. Sodium concentration in live shoots was maximum in February (0.51%) and minimum in August (0.05%). Annually 8.94 g/m² Ca, 2.41g/ m² Mg and 2.30g/ m² Na was taken up by plants. The distribution of the three nutrients in plant/soil system indicated that the major portion of the nutrients …

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No abstract provided.

On The Solutions Of Three-Variable Frobenius-Related Problems Using Order Reduction Approach, Tian-Xiao He, Peter J.-S. Shiue, Rama Venkat

Mathematical Sciences Faculty Research

This paper presents a new approach to determine the number of solutions of three-variable Frobenius-related problems and to find their solutions by using order reducing methods. Here, the order of a Frobenius-related problem means the number of variables appearing in the problem. We present two types of order reduction methods that can be applied to the problem of finding all nonnegative solutions of three-variable Frobenius-related problems. The first method is used to reduce the equation of order three from a three-variable Frobenius-related problem to be a system of equations with two fixed variables. The second method reduces the equation of …

Expansion Of The Department Of Mathematics At Princeton University And The Founding Of The School Of Mathematics At The Institute For Advanced Study: 1900-1950, Andrew Beman-Cavallaro

Graduate Review

From 1900 to 1950 Princeton, New Jersey, hosted two of the most prestigious institutions and provided a location for the expansive mathematical investigations taking place just before, during, and immediately after the Second World War. Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study housed, fed, and provided workspaces for an array of Mathematicians uncovering new research methodologies (resulting in the defeat of both the Nazi Party and the Empire of Nippon), the foundation for modern experimental Mathematics, and expansions of Theoretical and Applied Physics.

Nitrogen Budgets On A Pasture Under Combined Utilization Of Grazing And Cutting, Y. Kurokawa, S. Yamamoto, Y. Iijima, M. Kitagawa, F. Omata, S. Sakamoto, H. Tanaka, S. Suzuki, T. Shioya

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Nitrogen budgets on a pasture being utilized for both grazing and cutting were investigated. A pasture containing tallfescue, orchard grass and white clover was divided into two areas: initially grazed (IA, 0.41ha) and grazed after cutting for hay (BA, 0.49ha). A herd of 4-5 cattle (heifers or steers of Japanese Black or Holstein) grazed at IA from 22 Apr. to 2 Jul. and grazed at both IA and BA from 3 Jul. to 21 Oct. 1999. The amount of N grazed from IA was 3 times higher than the sum of N of grazed herbage and harvested hay from BA. …

Effect Of Phosphatic Fertilizer Rates Level On Growth, Crude Protein Content And Nitrogen Fixation Ability Of Alfalfa At Sowing Year, Chang-Ho Kim, Hyo-Won Lee

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The experiment was conducted to determine effects of phosphate fertilizers on growth characteristics, crude protein content and nitrogen fixation ability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) in the sowing year. Two rates of phosphate (200 and 400 kg/ha P) were applied to phosphorus -deficient native soil in Korea and samples were taken every 7 days from the 30th to the 93rd day. Number of branches, root length and dry matter weight at phosphate fertilizer level of 400kg in sowing year more increased than those at 200kg/ha. The number of nodules did not differ due to phosphate fertilizer rate. The crude …

Phosphorus Fertilizer Requirements For Temperate Dairy Pastures And Milk Production In South Eastern Australia, C. J. P. Gourley, I. Awty, M. O'Doherty, S. R. Aarons

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Phosphorus (P) fertilizer is required to sustain productive pastures in Australia, yet optimum P fertility is poorly defined. A large farmlet study involving 10 herds was established in 1995 to determine the relationship between milk production and pasture response to four different P fertilizer rates, at three stocking rates. Pasture growth significantly increased with increasing P fertilizer rate. Cumulative milk production from pasture over 4 years, was significantly affected by P fertilizer, but responses diminished with increasing P rate. The results from this study will enable a better targeting of P fertility levels for profitable milk production from temperate dairy …

Responses To Nitrogen Fertilizer In Dairy Pastures With Differing Phosphorus Fertility In South Eastern Australia, C. J. P. Gourley, H. Frame, M. E. Hall

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to temperate pastures is an increasingly popular management tool for boosting pasture production on dairy farms in Australia. However, limited information is available about N fertilizer responses that can be obtained from pastures with varying levels of phosphorus (P) fertility. A field experiment examining the initial and residual response of pasture growth to urea was carried out within a large dairy farmlet study, in October 1998. The four P fertility treatments (Olsen P values) ranged from 9 to 32 mg/kg. Dry matter yields increased with increasing N rates in all treatments, at both harvests. …