Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Virgin Coconut Oil (Vco) Supplementation Relieves Symptoms And Inflammation Among Covid-19 Positive Adults: A Single-Blind Randomized Trial, Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa, Jacus S. Nacis, Fabian M. Dayrit, Keith V. Tanda

Chemistry Faculty Publications

A clinical study conducted in 2020 showed that virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been found effective in the rapid relief of COVID-19 symptoms and normalization of the C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration among probable and suspected cases of COVID-19. This present study aimed to validate those results and to evaluate the effects of VCO among COVID-19 patients through a 28-day randomized, single-blind trial conducted among 76 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain report)-confirmed adults, with VCO given as a COVID-19 adjunct therapy. The results showed that VCO recipients were free from symptoms and had normal CRP concentrations by day 14. In comparison, …

The Effect Of Exposure To Lentinula Edodes And Flammulina Velutipes On The Biodegradation Of Crystallized Polylactic Acid, Iraine Taine

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Crystallized polylactic acid (CPLA) is a prevalent bioplastic which, despite being biodegradable, is extremely resistant to decomposition in natural environments. As a result, CPLA waste contamination is rapidly becoming a prevalent issue. Lentinula edodes and Flammulina velutipes are two widespread white-rot fungi whose capabilities for bioplastic degradation have not been examined. This study aimed to determine a natural approach for reducing plastic waste by evaluating the ability of L. edodes and F. velutipes to degrade CPLA bioplastic. It was hypothesized that CPLA samples would decrease in mass when individually treated with L. edodes and F. velutipes due to their similarities …

Biochemical And Structural Analysis Of The Bacterial Enzyme Succinyl-Diaminopimelate Desuccinylase (Dape) From Acinetobacter Baumannii, Emma H. Kelley, George Minasov, Katherine Konczak, Ludmilla Shuvalova, Joseph S. Brunzelle, Shantanu Shukla, Megan Beulke, Teerana Thabthimthong, Ken W. Olsen, Nicole L. Inniss, Karla Jf Satchell, Daniel P. Becker Ph.D.

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

There is an urgent need for new antibiotics given the rise of antibiotic resistance, and succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase (DapE, E.C. 3.5.1.18) has emerged as a promising bacterial enzyme target. DapE from Haemophilus influenzae (HiDapE) has been studied and inhibitors identified, but it is essential to explore DapE from different species to assess selective versus broad-spectrum therapeutics. We have determined the structure of DapE from the ESKAPE pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii (AbDapE) and studied inhibition by known inhibitors of HiDapE. AbDapE is inhibited by captopril and sulfate comparable to HiDapE, but AbDapE was not significantly …

Table Of Contents

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Type Of K Fertilizer On Dcad Of Fen Grassland In Northeast Germany, A. Behrendt, J. Pickert, F. Eulenstein, B. Kroschewski

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A lower DCAD is required in the diet fed during the prepartum period, but increasing the DCAD of diets fed during lactation increased milk yield and dry matter intake (Overton 2020). We conducted 3 cutting date/type of fertilizer trials, harvested with 5, 4 and 3 cuts per year over 3 years. Compared to the chloride based K fertilizer, the application of a sulphate based K fertilizer did not change dry matter yield and fodder quality (NEL-, XP-content) but led to significant higher DCAD in the grass in cut 1 - 3 of all trials over 3 years. The increase of …

The Business Case For Healthy Grasslands-Based Agriculture – Economic And Social Implications, E. Bisangwa, Pat D. Keyser

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Native perennial warm-season grasses (NWSGs) of the United States (U.S.) provide valuable summer forage. Studies have shown their potential within grazing systems as a complement to cool-season forages, as well as their benefits to soil biota, wildlife biodiversity, carbon sequestration and their resiliency to extreme drought and flood events. In this paper, we demonstrate that, in addition to these benefits, NWSGs provide important economic value to beef and dairy producers as a hedge against financial risks posed by overreliance on cool-season grasses.

Breeding Forage Grasses For Increased Heat Tolerance To Combat Climate Change, Eric D. Billman, J. S. Morrison, B. S. Baldwin

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The onset of climate change brings many challenges for forage production in the southeastern United States, where it is projected to become hotter and dryer in the next century. To combat this climatic challenge, recurrent phenotypic selection was conducted in growth chambers on annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) to select seedlings that can germinate and survive at temperatures of 40°C. Following three cycles of selection, germination was increased from < 5% to 45% in annual ryegrass, and from 20% to 80% in orchardgrass. The rate of germination also increased, in both species by a factor of 8x that of the base germplasm. Realized heritability also increased by 40 – 45% for each species by the end of the project. This work successfully improved a quantitative trait using recurrent phenotypic selection using growth chambers as a stable environment and provided the basis for combatting climate change in other outcrossing forage species.

Breeding Small Grains As A Forage, Silage And Cover Crop For The Southern Coastal Plain (Usa) In A Changing Climatic Environment, A. Blount, Marcelo O. Wallau, S. A. Harrison, Cheryl L. Mackowiak, A. Babar, José C. B. Dubeux Jr.

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Forage breeding of small grains in the southern Coastal Plains region of the U.S. mimic many other countries experiencing climate changes and breeding strategies should be similar for improving small grains grown for forage, silage or as cover crops. Significant focus on improvements in stress-adaptation has encouraged members of the SunGrains cooperative to cross, evaluate and develop experimental lines with inherent adaptation to climatic conditions including heat stress, drought tolerance, short-day and long-day forage production periods, and flooded conditions for events with storm-related, short-term durations. Many new cultivars, grown throughout the southeastern U.S. have resulted from breeding selection under abiotic …

Industry Perspectives, Challenges, And Opportunities To Enhance Alfalfa In Warm Climates, J. H. Bouton

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.; aka lucerne) acreage is low in comparison to perennial grasses in warm humid regions. This includes the tropics and subtropics, and in the USA, the Southeastern states. The alfalfa seed industry therefore saw few reasons to target sales and marketing in these regions. This overlooked logical opportunities. In this paper, these opportunities are examined for Southeastern USA. The Southeast contains a majority of beef herd, a high percentage of the dairy herd, and millions of acres suitable for conversion to alfalfa. Alfalfa is also now viewed as the best crop to solve problems inherent with …

Cooperative Evaluation Of Western Hemisphere Grassland Germplasm In Inner Mongolia, Prc, L K. Holzworth, Gu Anlin, J G. Scheetz, M E. Majerus

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Replicated studies were established jointly by Chinese and American scientists in central Inner Mongolia. Both Asian and North American plant materials were included. Results of the Chinese plots show USA saline-tolerant species have potential to assist the Chinese with saline soil reclamation. On saline sites, USA cultivars rated the best stands and had the highest yields. Generally, Chinese desert steppe species outperformed USA upland entries with the Chinese legumes establishing the best stands and producing the most biomass.

Palatability Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) And Orchard Grass (Dactylis Glomerata L.) Silages, R. D. Améndola-Massiotti, J. A. Burgueño, M. Concepción, L. Cruz

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The objective was to compare palatability with different methodologies for characterizing silages at Chapingo Autonomous University, México. Eight silages were used resulting from an experiment which evaluated effects of cutting time (08:00 and 14:00), time of wilting (0, 1 and 2 h) and use of lactic bacteria inoculant on properties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) silages. Organoleptic properties (odor, color, texture, moisture) were assessed by trained observers, using as categories: excellent, good, fair and poor. Dry matter content, CO₂ rate of production and pH were also measured. For the evaluation of …

The Future Of Clovers In Forage Systems And As Cover Crops, J. H. Bouton, John R. Caradus

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Clovers (Trifolium spp.) are the most widely used genera of legumes in forage systems, although only a limited number of the hundreds of perennial and annual species are commercially available. The number of varieties available within each of the main commercial species can be high and demonstrates past breeding achievements. Success relates to any clover’s ability to persist in mixtures with other forage species, across a range of soil types, management systems, and climates, while providing animal nutrition and biologically fixed nitrogen benefits. Uses range from traditional pasture mixtures with grasses to inclusion in multi-species mixtures, and as cover …

Economic Benefits Of Sustainable, Forage-Based Cattle Systems In Colombia And Nicaragua, S. Burkart, K. Enciso, M. Diaz, R. Van Der Hoek

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Forage-based cattle systems play a key role in rural economies of developing countries in terms of food security and poverty alleviation, particularly in tropical Latin America. However, they are often related to being a major cause of negative environmental impacts by contributing to increased greenhouse gas emissions, land degradation, and the reduction of biodiversity. Significant resources have been allocated to research and development in forage material improvement, including selection and breeding. A broad range of improved materials were released by private and public sector actors showing superior characteristics in terms of productivity and environmental impacts compared to native or naturalized …

Fermentation Control And Ethanol Production Of Total Mixed Ration Prepared With Apple Pomace And Microbial And Chemical Additives, J. Fang, Yimin Cai

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of moisture adjustment, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant and chemical additives on fermentation characteristics and ethanol production of a total mixed ration (TMR) containing apple (Malus domestica) pomace. The TMR was prepared with apple pomace, corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, timothy, and alfalfa hay. In Experiment 1, the proportion of apple pomace was 150 g/kg of dry matter (DM), and the moisture of the TMR was unadjusted (control) or adjusted to 450, 500, and 550 g/kg, respectively. In Experiment 2, the same ingredient proportions as in experiment 1 …

Modelling Leucaena Biomass Under Rainfed Production Systems Of Semiarid Regions, M. J. D. Cândido, J. L. G. Santos, A. C. R. Cavalcante, S. R. Maranhão, M. A. Santos, J. M. Osorio Leyton

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The climatic variability of semiarid regions is the main source of uncertainties associated with forage and animal production, indicating a need for tools that accurately estimate forage production in order to construct a forage budgeting plan for livestock. This study simulated the biomass of Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) using the PHYGROW model in four locations located in Brazilian Semiarid. The work was carried out based on field data collected from 2019 to 2021. After sowing in 2018, leucaena was harvested when it reached 200 cm and to a target residual height of 70 cm. The biomass (fresh matter) was …

Canopy Characteristics And Growth Rate Of Bahiagrass Monoculture And Mixtures With Rhizoma Peanut, N. Caram, Lynn E. Sollenberger, Marcelo O. Wallau, C. H. Wilson

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Understanding relationships among canopy light interception (LI), canopy height and structure, and leaf area index (LAI) informs management decisions and can improve efficiency of forage-livestock systems. In a long-term experiment in Florida, USA, we assessed the LI, LAI and sward height relationships of rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth., RP)-bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) mixed swards compared with bahiagrass monoculture to determine whether changes in canopy structure affect herbage accumulation (HA) rate due to changes in radiation use. Treatments were arranged in a semi-factorial, split-plot design (r=4). Bahiagrass monoculture and bahiagrass-RP mixtures were whole-plot treatments. Sub-plot treatments were an undefoliated …

A Target-Based And A Targetless Extrinsic Calibration Methods For Thermal Camera And 3d Lidar, Farhad Dalirani

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis introduces two novel methods for the extrinsic calibration of a thermal camera and a 3D LiDAR sensor, which are crucial for seamless data integration. The first method employs a distinctive calibration target, leveraging lines and plane equations correspondence in both modalities for a single pose, and incorporating more poses by matching the target's edges. It achieves reliable results, even with just one pose yielding 10.82% translation and 0.51-degree rotation errors. This outperforms alternative methods, which require eight pairs for similar results. The second method eliminates the need for a dedicated target. Instead, by collecting data during the sensor …

Luminescent Group 11 Metal (I) Chalcogen Clusters With A Conjugated Diphosphine Ligand, Kai Yu Jeffrey Li

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Polynuclear Au (I) complexes exhibit rich photochemical properties and have the potential to find applications as molecular sensors, switches, or energy storage devices. Although dinuclear Au (I) complexes with bridging diphosphines have been extensively examined, most of those reported do not contain rigid-diphosphine ligands.

This thesis examines how the rigid diphosphine, 4,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)dibenzofuran (DBFDP) can be incorporated for the controlled assembly of photoluminescent gold (I) metal – chalcogenolate (chalcogenolate = RS^-, RSe^-; R = organic moiety) and gold (I) chalcogenide (chalcogenide = S^2-, Se^2-) bimetallic complexes. In these studies, the chalcogen …

3rd Annual Hu Research Symposium Program 2021, Akeisha Belgrave, Erica Ward, Rebekah Harriger

Harrisburg University Research Symposium: Highlighting Research, Innovation, & Creativity

3rd Annual HU Research Symposium program and schedule of presenters. Presentations were held April 21st, 2021 virtually on the Teams platform.

2019: Designing A Wikia Fandom Page, Brandon Carl

Harrisburg University Research Symposium: Highlighting Research, Innovation, & Creativity

No abstract provided.

Effectiveness And Cost Of Shrub Removal Methods In Degraded Woodlands Being Converted To Silvopasture, S. Cartoni-Casamitjana, M. J. Renz

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Transforming degraded woodlands to silvopasture is of interest in the Midwestern USA as it increases profitability of farms and benefits animal health. Invasive shrubs within woodlands, however, are a major obstacle to silvopasture establishment. Research was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness, cost and resulting herbaceous canopy light interception of common brush-control methods when used alone or integrated over a two-year timeframe. Five treatments were established in a randomized complete block design. In the first year, treatments were either forestry mowed (mow) or rotationally grazed by goats (goats) at a stocking density of 5700 to 6000 kg per hectare. In the …

Herbage Accumulation And Mass In Massai Grass Plots Mixed With Forage Peanut And Fertilized With Nitrogen, Carlos A. B. Carvalho, M. O. Leal Junior, P. P. Carneiro, J. V. B. Ramos, N. Schultz, J. C. C. Almeida, A. J. Paiva

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The objective of this work was to evaluate herbage accumulation and mass during the growing season of Massai grass mixed with peanut forage and fertilized with nitrogen. The work was carried out at Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 11/2021 to 03/2022. A randomized block experimental design was used, in plots of Massai grass Megathyrsus maximus, in a factorial arrangement, with seven replications. Four treatments formed by the combination of the presence or absence of Archis pintoi and nitrogen fertilization (0 and 50 kg ha^-1 of N). Canopy heights of the plots were evaluated weekly …

Brs Sarandi: A New Andropogon Gayanus Cultivar For Tropical Pastures, Marcelo A. Carvalho, C. E. F. Lazarini, Allan K. B. Ramos, Gustavo J. Braga, Claudio T. Karia

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

BRS Sarandi is adapted to low and medium fertility soils. It has a medium-high height, with a semi-erect growth habit and a high total number of tillers. The annual productivity of dry matter is 11 t ha-1, concentrated in the rainy season (90%). Of the total DM produced, 60% are leaves. The levels of crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) are, on average, 8.7, 56.5, 66.7 and 38.2%, respectively. . The average daily weight gain was 0.7 kg/head/day, the gain per was and 1.7 kg ha-1 day with …

The Molecular Mechanism Of Seed Physical Dormancy In Legume Forage, Maofeng Chai, Z. Wen, Hui Li, Z-Y. Wang

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Legume forage seeds have evolved a specific dormancy trait, physical dormancy, to inhibit germination until favorable conditions appear. Physical dormancy is an adaptive trait that widely exists in higher plants and plays a vital role in maintaining natural seed banks. This kind of dormancy is caused by a waterimpermeable layer that blocks water and oxygen from the surrounding environment. The outermost cuticle of the seed coat is critical for establishing seed physical dormancy. The molecular mechanism underlying physical dormancy remains largely elusive. Using Medicago (Medicago truncatula) as a model, we set up the legume plant to study seed …

Production And Management Simulation Of Family Pasture In Different Pastoral Areas Based On Ommlp Model, Chen Chen, G. D. Han, Z. G. Li, S. J. Lv

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Family ranch grassland livestock production optimal management model was used to simulate the grassland supply and livestock demand, family economic status under different stocking rates senarion with collection of grassland, livestock, and economics data from Wuzhumuqin Banner and Tongliao as two types of pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The livestock is grazing all year long in Wuzhumuqin Banner, but the livestock is grazing in summer and feeding in hovel in winter in Tongliao, which we call it as semi-farming and semi-pastoral area. The results showed that summer grassland productivity could meet the energy demand of livestock. As the …

Mass Production And Morphology Of Brauna Brachiaria Under Different Nitrogen Rates In The Brazilian Savannah, E. A. Collao-Saenz, M. F. P. Carvalho, P. S. Ribeiro, R. A. De O. Rodrigues, T. A. Cavalcante

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Nitrogen is the nutrient that most contributes to increase forage productivity and quality. The objective was to evaluate Brauna brachiaria (Urochloa brizantha cv. Brauna) submitted to nitrogen doses in the Brazilian savannah through the total and green mass production, leaf:stem and brachiaria:weed ratio. Plots were established in a randomized block design, with four replications and four N doses 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha). After the uniformization cut, the data collect cycles occurred when the canopy reached 30 cm average height. Samples were taken until 15 cm from the ground in an area of 0.25 m² . …

Persistence Of Perennial Ryegrass, Tall Fescue And Cocksfoot Following Sequential Annual Sowings: Influence Of Species, Cultivar And Pasture Age On Inter-Annual Variability In Yield And Botanical Composition, G. P. Cosgrove, T. R. Maxwell, B. Wynne-Jones, G. R. Edwards, M. R. Staincliffe, Katherine N. Tozer

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The persistence of sown, temperate pasture species is an important determinant of perennial pasture-grass productivity. Defining the traits that affect persistence is essential for improving pasture longevity through plant breeding and for identifying criteria that should be included in cultivar ranking indices such as the DairyNZ, Forage Value Index. Compared with a conventional longitudinal study, in which pasture from a single sowing is monitored over time, repeated annual sowings allow the effects on persistence of sowing year and the ensuing interactions between environment and age of pasture to be identified. A repeated sowings experiment was commenced at two sites: under …

Urochloa Brizantha Cv. Paiaguás Herbage Mass Production Under Continuous Grazing During The Rainy/Dry Transition Period In Brazilian Savanna, W. R. Da Silva, M. F. P. Carvalho, P. S. Ribeiro, R. A. De O. Rodrigues, T. A. Cavalcante

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

During the transition period between rainy and dry season, unfavorable climatic conditions such as limited water availability, temperature and light limit forage production and quality. Because of the seasonal pattern, it is essential to quantify forage mass for pasture management and planning purposes. The objective of this study was to evaluate Paiaguas herbage mass in pasture managed under continuous stocking with steers supplemented with protein concentrate offered in feed bunk and onground. The experiment was carried out in the Beef Cattle Facilities of Jatai Federal University (UFJ), from March to June 2020, in a completely randomized design, using 18 male …

Micro Mineral Concentrations Of Congo Grass As Affected By Shading And Harvesting Age, P. A. Dele, J. I. Akinyode, A. A. Eesuola, B. T. Akinyemi, F. E. Enwete, C. C. Anotaenwere, O. I. Awoola, O. L. Aiyesa

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

This study investigated the effect of levels of artificial shading and harvesting age on four micro mineral concentrations (iron, manganese, copper and zinc) of Congo grass (Brachiaria ruzizinensis Germain & Evrard). The experiment was a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement in a split plot design with four replicates, which is three levels of artificial shading (0, 30 and 60% shading) as the main plot and three harvesting age (3, 6 and 9 weeks after cutback). The grass was established in May 2017 and grazed in 2018 and 2019, but a cutback was done in May 2020 for this study …

In Vitro Digestibility And Methane Production Of Two Tropical Grasses: Plant Spacing And Grazing Frequency, F. E. Enwete, P. A. Dele, O. L. Aiyesa, O. I. Awoola, C. C. Anotaenwere, J. I. Akinyode, T. A. Amole, Olufemi S. Onifade

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of plant spacing and grazing frequency on the in vitro gas production, digestibility, and methane production of Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) and Elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus) in the humid southwest part of Nigeria. The experiment was laid in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement in a split-split-plot design with three replicates, which consisted of two grazing frequency (3 and 6-week) as the main plot, two grass species: Guinea grass (M. maximus) and Elephant grass (C. purpureus) as the sub plot and …