Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Farmer Experiences With Alfalfa In The Southern U.S.A., M. K. Mullenix, L. S. Silva, C. G. Prevatt, J. J. Tucker

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a forage crop of primary importance in the United States (USA); however, adoption and use in the southern USA region has been limited. The combination of adapted alfalfa cultivars and management strategies which demonstrate extended forage growing season length, improved forage nutritive value, and reduced N fertilizer inputs have renewed interest in forage-livestock farmers to consider planting alfalfa. A series of Extension-based educational strategies have been used in the southern USA to 1) create awareness on the use of alfalfa, 2) educate farmers regarding establishment and management practices, and 3) showcase opportunities and challenges …

Opportunities For Promoting The Adoption Of Forages In Kenya, Joseph G. Mureithi, Elkana M. Nyambati

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Livestock production plays an important socio-economic role in many areas across Kenya. They are kept in all the major livestock production systems including smallholder mixed crop- livestock system, crop-livestock-tree production system, and pastoral/extensive livestock production system, which occupy about 70% of land in Kenya. Livestock production is mainly constrained by inadequate feed quantity and quality. Forage forms the major source of feed for ruminant livestock as they provide high-quality forage to alleviate feed shortages. The demand for pasture and fodder production and conservation to meet livestock feed requirements, particularly during the dry seasons, has created the need to re-position the …

Evaluation Of Apomictic Megathyrsus Maximus Accessions And Ecotypes To Improve Feed Availability In Western Kenya, David Miano Mwangi, S. W. Mwendia, Joseph G. Mureithi, P. Karimi, Maurice Mudeheri, An Notenbaert, Andres Juan, Tarus David

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In Kenya, the dairy sub-sector is dominated by smallholder farmers, who keep between 1-10 dairy cows, and produce over 80% of the marketed milk in the country. The sub-sector is characterized by low milk production, long calving intervals and high calf mortality. The main constraint is the lack of year- round quality feeds hence the low lactation yield of 1,400 litres from animals capable of 3,500 - 4,000 litres. The main feed is Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) formerly Pennisetum purpureum. However, in the last decade the productivity and reliability of Napier grass has been constrained by the emergence Napier …

Annual Clovers Around The World: Current Status And Future Prospects, P. G. H. Nichols, G. R. Smith, D. J. Moot, Serkan Ates, Claudio Porqueddu, Esteban F. Rios, Mounir Louhaichi, Alejandro Del Pozo, N. Kotze, Alan W. Humphries, K. Ghamkhar, M. H. Ryan

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

This paper reviews the distribution and importance of annual clover (Trifolium) species for pasture and fodder production systems globally. Of the 158 recorded annual Trifolium species, 65.2% are endemic to the Mediterranean basin and surrounding areas, 14.6% to sub-Saharan Africa, 17.7% to the United States of America and 2.5% to Chile. Fourteen species have been commercialised, while other endemic and naturalised annual clovers are also utilised. Key species for self-regenerating pastures include T. subterraneum, T. michelianum and T. respinatum var. resupinatum, while major dual-purpose grazing and fodder species include T. incarnatum, T. vesiculosum, T. alexandrinum and T. …

Domestication Of The Annual Legume Trigonella Balansae For Mixed Farming Systems In Southern Australia, M. G. Wilmot, H. C. Norman, J. K. Hendry, P. Young, Elizabeth L. Hulm, A. Toovey, R. J. Harrison

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

An accession of the annual legume Trigonella balansae Boiss. and Reuter. has been selected for commercial release in Australia. The annual legume has significant potential as a self-regenerating pasture within mixed farming systems. As part of a duty-of-care assessment, we tested the hypothesis that sheep grazing the trigonella cultivar will have similar liveweight, condition scores, health and wool production to sheep grazing two widely adopted annual legumes, subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv Dalkeith) and French serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot. cv. Erica). Forage dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein (CP), fibre, mineral content and isoflavones were measured across …

Pasture Production And Grazing System In Assist Project: Outcome And Replication Viability In Nigeria For Sustainable Ruminant Production, Okanlade A. Lawal-Adebowale, M. Jordana Rivero, John Hunt, Sarah Morgan, Hannah Fleming, R. Pywell, Jonathan Storkey

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

As important as pasture is to productive management of cattle, sheep and goats, intensive development of grassland for ruminant animals is rare in Nigeria largely due to no conscious effort at pasture cultivation in the country. Consequently, nomadic and free grazing systems remain a practice in the country, with resultant poor animal productivity and agro-related conflicts between ruminant keepers and crop farmers and/or agro-processors. The need to revert this situation underscored the exploration of the potential value of the innovative pasture production and grazing management system tested under the Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems (ASSIST) programmme in Rothamsted Research, United Kingdom, …

Tillering Of ‘Marandu’ Brachiaria Under Different Nitrogen Rates In The Brazilian Savannah, A. B. O. Assis, A. L. Bocchi, T. C. Pedrosa, A. O. Matos, A. P. B. Soares

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The tiller is the basic unit of grass growth and tiller density determines the horizontal ground cover, leaves production and pastures perennially. The objective in this study was to quantify the number of aerial and basal tillers and basal:aerial tillers ratio in Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, established in Brazilian savannah, submitted to nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha). The experiment was carried out in the Forage and Pasture Sector of Jataí Federal University (UFJ) and after soil correction and fertilization, plots were established with Marandu palisade grass in a randomized block design, with four replications and four …

Could Formononetin Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.) Be Enhanced By Phosphorus And Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Management?, Fernando Ortega-Klose, Andrés Quiroz, L. Bardehle, P. Aguilera

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Red clover is a forage legume of importance in the world with limited persistency; in Chile this is due mainly to the root borer (Hylastinus obscurus Marsham) infestation. Our previous studies have shown that there is a strong relationship between the root borer and the formononetin content in roots of the plants; therefore, studying factors that enhance the concentration of formononetin in the plant could help to decrease the negative effect of the root borer. The purpose of this research was to assess the relationship between phosphorus availability (P) in the soil interacting with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) over …

The Influence Of High Density Grazing And Conventional, Rotational Grazing On Soil And Vegetation Parameters In The Semi-Arid And Mesic Grasslands Of South Africa, Jamie Paulse, C. Visser, P. J. Malan, G. N. Smit, F. H. De Witt

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In South Africa, multi-camp rotational grazing using ‘conservative stocking rates’ have been the conventional approach to livestock grazing management systems. However, as of late, the high-desnity approach (used interchangeably – depending on the situation – with regenerative grazing, mob grazing, short duration, high pressure grazing, rapid rotation, time controlled, ultra-high density, holistic grazing and holistic resource management) has been adopted by numerous farmers. This approach is considered to be an adaptable one, incorporating the ‘herd effect’ concept, whereby large numbers of animals occupy an area for short periods of time, and allowed an extended rest period. It claims to improve …

Evanescent Wave Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Employing A Side-Polished Fiber For Methane Sensing, Cian F. Twomey, Gabriele Biagi, Albert A. Ruth, Marilena Giglio, Vincenzo Spagnolo, Liam O'Faolain, Anton J. Walsh

Cappa Publications

We present an all-fiber-based laser gas analyzer (LGA) employing quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) and a side-polished fiber (SPF). The LGA comprises a custom quartz tuning fork (QTF) with 0.8 mm prong spacing, two acoustic micro-resonators (mR) located on either side of the prong spacing, and a single-mode fiber containing a 17 mm polished section passing through both mRs and QTF. The SPF polished face is positioned to enable the evanescent wave (EW) to create a photoacoustic wave and excite the fundamental flexural mode of the QTF. Sensor performance was demonstrated using methane in nitrogen gas mixtures, with CH4" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: …

Cyclobutanone Inhibitors Of Diaminopimelate Desuccinylase (Dape) As Potential New Antibiotics, Thahani Shifna Habeeb Mohammad, Emma H. Kelley, Cory T. Reidl Dr., Katherine Konczak, Megan Beulke, Janielle Javier, Ken W. Olsen, Daniel P. Becker Ph.D.

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Based on our previous success in using cyclobutanone derivatives as enzyme inhibitors, we have designed and prepared a 37-member library of α-aminocyclobutanone amides and sulfonamides, screened for inhibition of the bacterial enzyme diaminopimelate desuccinylase (DapE), which is a promising antibiotic target, and identified several inhibitors with micromolar inhibitory potency. Molecular docking suggests binding of the deprotonated hydrate of the strained cyclobutanone, and thermal shift analysis with the most potent inhibitor (3y, IC50 = 23.1 µM) enabled determination of a Ki value of 10.2 +/− 0.26 µM and observed two separate Tm values for H. influenzae DapE (HiDapE).

If You Build It, Will They Come? Assessing Habitat Quality For Marsh Birds At Created Marshes In Southeastern Louisiana, Katherine Aylett Lipford

LSU Master's Theses

Wetland loss occurs at an alarming pace globally, with extremely high rates along the northern Gulf of Mexico. Louisiana loses a football field of wetland every 100 minutes: that is 77,000 m² of wetland bird habitat lost daily. In Louisiana, marsh creation projects combat wetland loss, and while wildlife habitat is often used as a justification for restoration, wildlife receives little to no consideration during and after construction. Habitat characteristics such as site-specific hydrology, vegetation composition, and habitat structure affect the abundance of wetland birds and understanding these features is crucial to creating habitat that will benefit birds. My …

Radon Plate-Out And The Effects Of Airflow And Electric Charge For Dark Matter Experiments, Faith Fang

SMU Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (SuperCDMS) is an international collaboration designed to search for and detect dark matter particles, which make up ~85% of the matter in the universe. The plate-out, or deposition of naturally occurring radioactive decay byproducts onto surfaces, can create backgrounds that interfere with dark matter detection experiments. In the first series of these experiments, we analyze the amount of radon progeny, 214Pb and 214Bi, that plate-out on polycarbonate samples while controlling factors such as electric charge and airflow. These samples are exposed to radon-spiked nitrogen gas in a polycarbonate wind tunnel to simulate plate-out conditions in …

Scene Graph Generation: A Comprehensive Survey, Hongsheng Li, Guangming Zhu, Liang Zhang, Youliang Jiang, Yixuan Dang, Haoran Hou, Peiyi Shen, Xia Zhao, Syed A. A. Shah, Mohammed Bennamoun

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Deep learning techniques have led to remarkable breakthroughs in the field of object detection and have spawned a lot of scene-understanding tasks in recent years. Scene graph has been the focus of research because of its powerful semantic representation and applications to scene understanding. Scene Graph Generation (SGG) refers to the task of automatically mapping an image or a video into a semantic structural scene graph, which requires the correct labeling of detected objects and their relationships. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of recent achievements is provided. This survey attempts to connect and systematize the existing visual relationship detection …

Ecological Assessment Of Drainage Water Input On The Water Quality Of A Coastal Estuary, Mediterranean Coast Of Egypt, Fatma A. Zaghloul, Hoda A. E. Hemaida, Hayat M. Faragallah, Ahmed A. Radwan

Blue Economy

El Mex Bay, located west of Alexandria City, is identified as a hot spot of pollution along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. It is a large, shallow, and turbid water body of socioeconomic importance. However, El Mex Bay receives a large amount of untreated industrial wastewater, as well as agricultural runoff from different land-based sources.

A comprehensive environmental study was carried out seasonally during 2020-2021. To evaluate the effect of this discharged wastewater on the water quality of El Mex Bay.

The physicochemical parameters were measured at both the surface and near-bottom water at nine stations.

Principal component analysis indicated …

Obstacle Avoidance Motion In Mobile Robotics, Yunchao Tang, Shaojun Qi, Lixue Zhu, Xianrong Zhuo, Yunqi Zhang, Fan Meng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The advancement of artificial intelligence technology has significantly enhanced the utilization of mobile robots in various fields such as industry, aerospace, and agriculture. The autonomous obstacle avoidance capability of these robots is crucial to the safety and efficiency of their operations in diverse settings. Path planning, a key technology in obstacle avoidance, plays an essential role in the overall performance of these systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of path planning technology for mobile robots, categorizing the algorithms into global planning and local obstacle avoidance according to their operational requirements. Specific focus is given to the global planning …

Multi-Uav Collaborative Trajectory Planning Algorithm For Urban Ultra-Low-Altitude Air Transportation Scenario, Jie Cheng, Yuan Zheng, Chenglong Li, Bo Jiang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The rapid development of the drone industry has promoted the opening of low-altitude, forming a wave of ultra-low-altitude air transportation in cities sweeping over the world. However, the existing trajectory planning algorithms do not consider the division method and operating rules of the ultra-low-altitude airspace. They are not suitable for the collaborative trajectory planning of multiple UAVs in the urban ultra-low-altitude air transportation scenario, which may restrict the development of the ultra-low-altitude air transportation industry. This paper explores a multi-UAV collaborative trajectory planning method for urban ultra-low-altitude air transportation scenario based on the airspace flight altitude layer architecture. Specifically, …

Action Recognition Model Of Directed Attention Based On Cosine Similarity, Chen Li, Ming He, Chen Dong, Wei Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the lack of directionality of traditional dot product attention, this paper proposes a directed attention model (DAM) based on cosine similarity. To effectively represent the direction relationship between the spatial and temporal features of video frames, the paper defines the relationship function in the attention mechanism using the cosine similarity theory, which can remove the absolute value of the relationship between features. To reduce the computational burden of the attention mechanism, the operation is decomposed from two dimensions of time and space. The computational complexity is further optimized by combining linear attention operation. The experiment is divided …

Overall Scheme Design And Integration Testing Of Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation Of Guidance And Control System, Xiaofei Chang, Jiayue Jiao, Kang Chen, Wenxing Fu, Jie Yan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Hardware-in-the-loop simulation system is a complex distributed simulation system, and its design and integration directly affect the system performance and construction goals. Based on years of experience, this paper first summarizes the design of the overall scheme and analyzes the performance requirements of real-time, compatibility, scalability, and security. Then, the paper describes the overall scheme of a typical hardware-in-the-loop simulation system, including the functional hierarchy, operation mechanism, and structural composition. Finally, it summarizes the contents and steps of the system integration testing, acceptance testing, and credibility evaluation method.

Emergency Material Scheduling Based On Discrete Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, Xiaoning Shen, Zhongpei Ge, Chengbin Yao, Liyan Song, Yufang Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A mathematical model of emergency material scheduling after earthquakes is built. The model evaluates the emergency degree of each disaster area based on the disaster situation and designs a method to split the demand of the disaster area, improving the efficiency of vehicle utilization. To solve the model, this paper proposes a discrete shuffled frog leaping algorithm with multi-resource learning. The multiple information sources introduced by the proposed algorithm can expand the search direction and reduce the assimilation speed of the population in the algorithm. Second, the worst individual in each subgroup can learn the effective information in the …

Multi-View Depth Estimation Based On Adaptive Space Feature Enhancement, Dong Wei, Huan Liu, Xiaohan Zhang, Changkai Li, Tianyi Sun, Ziyou Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A multi-view depth estimation algorithm based on adaptive space feature enhancement (ASFE) is presented to improve the multi-view depth estimation accuracy. A multi-scale feature extraction module composed of an improved feature pyramid network (FPN) and ASFE is designed. This module obtains multi-scale feature maps with global context-aware information and coordinate information. The residual learning network is used to optimize the depth map to prevent the problem of blurred reconstructed edges in multiple convolution operations. The proposed algorithm constructs a focal loss function through the idea of classification to enhance the prediction ability of the network model. The experimental results …

Visual Monitoring System Of Digital Twin Workshop For Process Manufacturing, Yanchao Yin, Jiasheng Feng, Bin Yi, Wang Li, Qingwen Yin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the problem of poor real-time and accuracy of process manufacturing monitoring, this paper proposes a visual monitoring system architecture of digital twin workshop based on production factor data, production process, and multi-process equipment entity object amid the rapid development of digital twin technology and increasingly close integration with the manufacturing industry. Twin modeling is conducted on multi-process coupling production line entity objects from multiple dimensions such as element, state, and operation logic. Based on key technologies of data collection and transmission of OPC UA (OLE for process control unified archiecture) unified architecture and real-time drive of the …

Reentrant Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling Problem Based On Moma, Hongbin Qin, Chenxiao Li, Hongtao Tang, Feng Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For the characteristics of multi-variety, large-scale and mixed-flow production of reentrant manufacturing systems, the reentrant hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with batch processors (BPRHFSP) is constructed, and an improved multi-objective mayfly algorithm (MOMA) is proposed for BPRHFSP. Firstly, decoding rules for single-piece processing stage and batch-processing stage are proposed. Then, a reverse learning initialization strategy based on logistic chaotic mapping is designed to improve the quality of the initial solution of the algorithm, also an improved mayfly mating strategy is designed to improve the local search ability of MOMA. Finally, a VND-based mayfly movement strategy is designed based on …

A Simulation Method Based On Multi-Source Sensors For Aircraft Type Identification, Shaozhu Gu, Yuxin Ying, Huajie Zhang, Yiqi Tong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Existing simulation methods for aircraft type identification mainly focus on a single sensor and a single target. They do not consider the joint acquisition of aircraft parameters by various sensor devices such as optoelectronics, radar, and electronic detection in real scenarios, leading to the simple simulation scenarios. This paper proposes a simulation platform based on multi-source sensors. Specifically, the platform includes an infrared image simulator that uses a cycleGAN network to generate infrared images of the aircraft, a flight simulator that adopts the three-degree-of-freedom flight control method to generate the movement trajectory of the aircraft, a radar simulator, that …

Combat Effectiveness Evaluation Method Of Homogeneous Cluster Equipment System Based On Rlomag+Eas, Guohui Zhang, Ang Gao, Ya'nan Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The equipment system is the reflection of the combat system from the perspective of equipment. The research on the combat effectiveness evaluation of the equipment system is of great practical significance for the optimization, construction, and development of the equipment system. Cluster equipment combat system confrontation is characterized by large-scale, highly dynamic and strong confrontation, and it is difficult to directly evaluate combat effectiveness with traditional methods. Aiming at the single task homogeneous cluster equipment system (such as UAV reconnaissance swarm and ground unmanned platform fire assault cluster), this paper regards the confrontation process of equipment system as the …

Research On Campus Epidemic Evolution Based On Multi-Scale Modeling And Simulation In Microscopic & Microscopic View, Mingwei Hu, Wenjie Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: High density of population leads to high possibility of cross-infection. It is necessary to focus on campus epidemic prevention and control. Basing on existing studies in macroscopic or microscopic view, this paper proposed a multi-scale means to analyze a short-term evolution of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on campus and estimated the efficiency of prevention strategies. Macroscopic model was based on the susceptible-exposed-infections-recovered(SEIR) model, which exported the time curve of the number of asymptomatic patients and symptomatic patients. Microscopic model combined discrete event simulation modeling and agent-based modeling to simulate the behavior of campus students and the state evolution …

Recursive Subspace-Based Model Refinement Method For Digital Twin Of Thermal Power Unit, Yanbo Zhao, Yuanli Cai, Huaizhong Hu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Due to factors such as simplified assumptions or equipment characteristic deviation, modeling errors are inevitable in the mechanism modeling of thermal power units. To deal with the problem, this paper proposes a novel model refinement method based on recursive subspace for the digital twin of thermal power units. Firstly, the digital twin models are built based on mechanism analysis and combined with small sample data of typical conditions, ensuring interpretability and generalization performance. Secondly, based on the recursive subspace identification method, the refinement model is built and updated online in real time to compensate for the modeling error, improving …

Modeling And Analysing Of Complex Combat Systems Based On Symbiosis Theory, Xiangrui Tian, Jie Ying, Rui Yao, Xiaodong Wan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: As the combat systems develop towards clustering, coordination, unmanned, and intelligent direction, traditional combat system modeling methods are unable to reflect the complexity and intelligence of the combat systems. By drawing on symbiosis theory, this paper models and analyzes complex combat systems, and decomposes the complex combat system into various subsystems according to combat missions. The combat units, interaction modes, and combat environments in the subsystems are analyzed. The paper builds mathematical models to capture the collaborative interaction relationships between combat units, finally constructing a symbiotic model of complex combat systems. By the symbiosis principles and methods, quantitative analysis …

Driving Method Of Virtual Multi-Person Disassembly And Assembly Task For Aeroengine, Qiuwei Zeng, Zhaoyong Hu, Zhile Wang, Ruilin Zhang, Gang Zou

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To meet the needs of virtual multi-person collaborative disassembly and assembly system for different disassembly and assembly tasks, this paper proposes a data-driven method with configurable task sequence. Taking an aeroengine prototype as the research object, the paper studies the task elements of multi-person collaborative disassembly and assembly. It parameterizes and expresses the task based on JSON (JavaScript object notation) and drives the task sequence by JSON parametrical files, defining the interactive operation of each task step. The practice shows that this method is applied to the multi-person collaborative disassembly and assembly system, which makes the system configurable and …

Heterogeneous Multi-Ant Colony Algorithm Combining Competitive Interaction Strategy And Eliminatingreconstructing Mechanism, Chen Feng, Xiaoming You, Sheng Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The traditional ant colony algorithm has many problems in convergence and diversity when solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP). Therefore, this paper proposes a heterogeneous multi-ant colony algorithm that combines the competitive interaction strategy and the eliminating-reconstructing mechanism (CEACO) to overcome these shortcomings. Firstly, the algorithm uses a competitive interaction strategy, which adjusts the interaction period adaptively according to the Hamming distance of different groups in different periods. Competition coefficients are adopted to differentiate matching interaction objects for interaction. The matched objects interact with each other through the optimal solution and pheromone matrix. This mechanism achieves a balance between …