Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Memeli̇ Di̇şleri̇ndeki̇ Anomali̇ler Üzeri̇ne Bi̇r Not, İbrahim Tekkaya

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Erzmikroskopische Untersuchung Der Mackinawitführenden Kernproben Von Kangal-Yelli̇ce, Ahmet Çağatay

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Tidal Discharge Asymmetry In A Salt Marsh Drainage System, John D. Boon

VIMS Articles

Tidal discharge and area‐averaged current speed were measured over complete tidal cycles at the entrance to a salt marsh drainage system near Wachapreague, Virginia. A pronounced asymmetry in curves of discharge and current speed through time was observed which can be simulated by a model incorporating semidiurnal tides and “overtides” in conjunction with marsh and channel storage relationships. As a persistent feature in marsh channel flow relationships, the asymmetry, along with an apparent difference in flood and ebb maxima, may have a systematic, long term influence on the net transport of suspended matter entering and leaving natural marshes.

Multivariate Analysis Of Variance For Simple Designs, Yin-Yin Chen

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The analysis of variance is a well known tool for testing how treatments change the average response of experimental units. The essence of the procedure is to compare the variation among means of groups of units subjected to the same treatment with the within treatment variation. If the variation among means is large with respect to the within group variation we are likely to conclude that the treatments caused the variation and hence we say the treatments cause some change in the group means.

The usual analysis of variance checks how far apart the group means are in a single …

How To Make A Natural Resources Inventory, Community Natural Resources Inventory Project

Maine Collection

A Handbook How to Make a Natural Resources Inventory for Your Community

Prepared by: James F. Connors, Sterling Dow III & Dean B. Bennett

Community Natural Resources Inventory Project (Title I, Higher Education Act), The University of Maine at Portland - Gorham (Project Sponsor) and The Maine Association of Conservation Commissions (Project Co-Sponsor), 1975.

"This handbook is published as a result of a grant from the U.S. Office of Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare under the Higher Education Act, Title I. No official endorsement by the U.S. Office of Education should be inferred."

Contents: Preface / Introduction / …

Electron Impact Autoionization In Heavy Alkali Metals, Kaare J. Nygaard

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Autoionizing levels in cesium, rubidium, and potassium have been studied by electron impact in a crossed-beam apparatus. Comparisons are made with the binary-encounter calculations of Roy and Rai. The effects of autoionization and inner-shell ionization have been overestimated in the theory. © 1975 The American Physical Society.

Measurement Of Growth Rate To Determine Condensation Coefficients For Water Drops Grown On Natural Cloud Nuclei., A. M. Sinnarwalla, Darryl J. Alofs, J. C. Carstens

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Growth Rate Measurements Were Made for Water Drops Grown on Nuclei in Atmospheric Air Samples Taken in Rolla, Missouri. Rolla, Having a Population of 15,000 and Very Little Industry, is Relatively Free of Urban Pollutants. the Measurements Were Made in a Vertical Flow Thermal Diffusion Chamber at Supersaturations of 0. 5 and 1%. the Time to Grow from Near Dry Radius to the Final Radius (6 to 7. 5 Mu M) Was Measured. If One Assumes the Thermal Accomodation Coefficient is Unity, the Measurements Indicate an Average Value of 0. 026 for the Condensation Coefficient. the Temperature Ranged from 22. …

Photoionization Of The 6p32,122 Fine-Structure Levels In Cesium, Kaare J. Nygaard, Robert E. Hebner, James A. Jones, Robert J. Corbin

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The relative photoionization cross sections for cesium atoms selectively excited to the 6P32,122 states have been measured in a triple-crossed-beam experiment. A cesium discharge lamp produced resonant wavelengths of 8521 and 8944 for the excitation process. A Hg-Xe lamp combined with a grating monochromator was used for the actual ionization in the wavelength region from 2500 to 5000. Background counts due to photoionization of ground-state cesium atoms and dimers as well as various surface effects were discriminated against by chopping the excitation light source. The data are compared with results from radiative-recombination measurements in which the fine-structure levels are not …

Strain Effects On The Esr Spectrum From Antimony Donors In Germanium, Edward Boyd Hale, John R. Dennis, Shih Hua Pan

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The electron-spin-resonance spectra from surface-strained (but not externally stressed) antimony-doped germanium are investigated in detail. Experimental data are given for the linewidth, line asymmetry, and line-shape reversal feature as well as for the changes in donor concentration, temperature, and surface conditions. The donors of interest occur in a surface layer several microns thick. A theoretical analysis is based on the Kohn-Luttinger formulation for a shallow donor electron, which is forced by surface strain to predominately occupy a [111] conduction-band valley minimum. A substantial distribution in strain among the donor sites is necessary to account for the line-structure features. These features …

Decide : How Much Superphosphate, G A. Robertson, J. W. Bowden, N. J. Halse

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

* A 400 per cent increase in ihe price of superphosphate has reduced the economic optimum rates of super for crops and pastures in 1975.

* Many factors, both biological and economic, must be taken into account in determining the rate of superphosphate to apply.

• DECIDE, a model developed by CSIRO and the Department of Agriculture, provides a formal system in which all these factors can be considered.

• DECIDE is based on the results of all research on superphosphate carried out in Western Australia. However, each farmer's own knowledge of his farm, the soils, crops and animals is …

New Math Of Computer Programming, Harlan D. Mills

The Harlan D. Mills Collection

No abstract provided.

Sums Of Kth Powers In The Ring Of Polynomials With Integer Coefficients, Ted Chinburg, Melvin Henriksen

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

A working through of two theorems.

Suppose R is a ring with identity element and k is a positive integer. Let J(k, R) denote the subring of R generated by its kth powers. If Z denotes the ring of integers, then G(k, R) = {a ∈ Z: aR ⊂ J(k, R)} is an ideal of Z.

A Philosophic Survey Of Resident Outdoor Education In California, Daniel Marshall Hynes

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Magnetic Forces

Calculus-Based General Physics

It may surprise you to learn that the conversion of electrical energy to mechanical work in electric motors or stereo loud speakers is seldom done by electrostatic forces (Coulomb's law). Magnetic forces associated with moving charges (currents) are the basis of most electromechanical devices. In analogy with the electrostatic case, we introduce an intermediary called the magnetic field. This module considers the forces on currents or moving charges in a magnetic field; the module Ampere's Law will show how magnetic fields are generated by currents.

Ohm's Law

Calculus-Based General Physics

Recently you have heard many ways of reducing energy consumption in the home. One of the suggested ways is to use 60-W liqht bulbs rather than 100-W bulbs; another is to cut back on the use of electrical appliances. You readily identify these suggestions with decreasing the amount of "electricity" beinq transported through the wires coming into your home.

You were warned quite early in life not to stick a metal knife into the toaster to force out burning bread; you either unplug the toaster or use a utensil with a wooden handle. Why? Because you were warned of the …

Newton's Laws

Calculus-Based General Physics

When a body is at rest, we know from experience that it will remain at rest unless something is done to change that state. A heavy box on the floor will stay in place unless it is pushed or pulled. We walk without fear beside a massive rock on level ground because we know it won't suddenly move and crush us.

Undoubtedly you have leaned against a chair only to have it move and send you scurrying for your balance. Did you then question the relationship of the interaction between you and the chair to the ensuing motion of the …

Reflection And Refraction

Calculus-Based General Physics

Sight is certainly one of our most important senses and depends on the interaction of electromagnetic waves in the visible portion of the spectrum with the eye. The use of materials that reflect light and that refract or "bend" light extends throughout our industrialized society. In this module we deal with light traveling in two dimensions and encounterinq the boundaries between media under those conditions in which the wavelength is small compared with the size of the obstacles or apertures. Under such conditions, since diffraction and interference effects are negligible, the principal phenomena occurring at the interfaces, reflection and refraction, …

Rotational Dynamics

Calculus-Based General Physics

A diver, in making several turns in the air, grabs his knees to achieve a high rate of rotation, and a skater does much the same thing when she goes into a spin with arms and legs extended but brings them in close to her body for the extremely rapid part of this motion. This module considers the physics describing these motions, and those of other rotational systems -- starting or stopping a record turntable (or a washing-machine tub), unwinding of winch cord as a bucket is dropped into a well, etc.

Relativity

Calculus-Based General Physics

Seldom has a development in science captured the attention of the general populace to the extent that Einstein's special theory of relativity did. Once, after giving a public lecture, Einstein was on the way to the railroad depot when he was asked to summarize his theory in one sentence, in a way the general public could understand. His reply: "When does the station get to the train?" Many of the predictions of the theory violate common sense -- lengths change, times change, masses change, depending on who is looking -- but the theory has been proved correct whenever it has …

Second Law And Entropy

Calculus-Based General Physics

Suppose you get into your car and drive to _________.* During this trip, (1) the burning of the gasoline in the engine cylinders converts chemical energy into thermal energy of the gases -- that is, they become very hot; (2) the expansion of these hot gases turns the crankshaft, performing work; and (3) this work, transmitted to the wheels, gives the car kinetic energy -- which must be continually replenished, because of depletion by friction and air resistance. At the end of this trip, ____ gallons of gasoline have been converted into water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sundry less desirable …

Wave Properties Of Light

Calculus-Based General Physics

How do Polaroid sunglasses reduce glare? What evidence is there for an expanding universe? You will learn the answer to these two questions by considering some properties of light. Gamma rays, x rays, light (ultraviolet, visible, and infrared) and radio waves are all forms of electromagnetic radiation and therefore share the same basic properties as mentioned in this module and the module Maxwell's Predictions. The basic difference among these types of electromaonetic radiation is their wavelengths or frequencies.

Vector Multiplication

Calculus-Based General Physics

How much is A times B? This is a simple question to answer when A and B represent scalars; however, when A and B represent vectors, the answer is not obvious. In fact, on the face of it, one cannot even say whether the result should be a scalar or a vector!

Several different definitions of vector multiplication have been found useful in physics; in this module you will study two types: the scalar and vector products. Just to sharpen your interest, we point out that the vector product has the strange but useful property that A × B = …

Work And Energy

Calculus-Based General Physics

Energy is much in the news lately. The term "energy" usually refers to the inherent ability of a material system, such as a person, a flashlight battery, or rocket fuel, to bring about changes in its environment or in itself. Some common sources of energy are the fuel used to heat hot water, the gasoline that propels a car, the dammed water that drives the turbine in a hydroelectric plant, and the spinning yo-yo that can climb up its own string. Inanimate energy sources are of central importance in raising the standard of living of mankind above the subsistence level. …

Temperature, Heat, And Thermodynamics: First Law

Calculus-Based General Physics

How can we keep track of energy as it is transferred from one system to another? How can we calculate the amount of internal energy -- a quantity that seems to be hidden within the very "guts" of matter? Further, what is the difference between temperature and heat, and between heat and work?

This module focuses on the first of two central thermodynamic principles: the conservation of energy, or, as it is sometimes called, the first law of thermodynamics. The second basic principle, which deals with the inevitable increase of a quantity called entropy, is the subject of another module …

Sound

Calculus-Based General Physics

We, much more than our ancestors, are constantly being bombarded by sound. We hear, and are more or less aware of, music, air hammers, television sets, jet planes, conversation, engines, sirens, etc., throughout the day. A sophisticated audio industry tries to improve the quality of musical sound. At the other end of the quality scale, noise pollution is a serious concern, which probably affects our lives more than we realize.

In order to deal with sound, we should have some idea of what it is. What factors determine whether a sound is pleasing or grating? How is sound transmitted? How …

01 Content And Prerequisite Description: Module Sequence/Roadmap With Links

Calculus-Based General Physics

What is the proper order to address the topics in the STUDY MODULES FOR CALCULUS-BASED GENERAL PHYSICS ? Do you need to master "A" before moving on to "B"?

These are prerequisite charts and suggested sequences for study modules of the Calculus-Based Physics Personalized System of Instruction:

I. Mechanics, Sound, Heat

II. Electricity, Magnetism, Light

Each "road map" is linked to the texts of the modules in this repository.

Collisions

Calculus-Based General Physics

If you have ever watched or played pool, football, baseball, soccer, hockey, or been involved in an automobile accident you have some idea about the results of a collision. We are interested in studying collisions for a variety of reasons. For example, you can determine the speed of a bullet by making use of the physics of the collision process. You can also estimate the speed of an automobile before the accident by knowing the physics of the collision process and a few other physical principles. Physicists use collisions to determine the properties of atomic and subatomic particles. Essentially, a …

Applications Of Newton's Laws

Calculus-Based General Physics

Perhaps at some time you have had occasion to swing a massive object at the end of a rope. Maybe you have watched a parent swing a child around by his outstretched arms or have been fortunate enough to watch an athlete throw the hammer. But all of you have heard or watched an automatic washer go through a spin-dry cycle. How was this spinning drum with holes in its periphery able to speed up the "drying" process? The clothes were too large to pass through the holes in the drum and were "held" in a circular path but the …

Direct-Current Circuits

Calculus-Based General Physics

One way to help you understand a new phenomenon is to show you that it is like something that you are already familiar with. This method is used very frequently in physics, e.g., the electric field is like the gravitational field. This module will introduce you to a simple class of RC circuits in which there are currents, charges, and voltages that decay exponentially. This may be your first detailed study of exponential decay, but it is like (analagous to) radioactive decay, Newton's law of cooling, the final depletion of a natural resource, the decrease in atmospheric pressure with altitude, …

Electric Fields And Potentials From Continuous Charge Distributions

Calculus-Based General Physics

Too bad! In case you have not realized it, not all charges come packaged as points, spheres, infinite cylinders, or infinite planes. Ah, if only it were so: Life would be much easier from a calculational viewpoint, although somewhat limited in geometrical options. But then, mechanics would be simpler if only constant accelerations were observed in nature ... Not to mention centers of mass; moments of inertia, etc.; all would be considerably simpler to calculate in that wonderful world of point masses, constant accelerations, massless strings, and frictionless boards.

Once again calculus is needed to assist us in analyzing and …